曾克輝
1care about和care for可以相互替換使用嗎?
答:有時(shí)可以。但在不同情況下,它們?cè)谳^確切的含義上還是有區(qū)別的。
①在表示“喜歡,關(guān)心,擔(dān)心”時(shí),意思一樣,常可以互換使用。如:
I care about/for your integrity and honesty.
我喜歡你的正直和誠(chéng)實(shí)。
She doesnt care about/for politics.
她不關(guān)心政治。
You needn't care about/for his safety.
你不必為他的安全擔(dān)心。
②在表示“介意,計(jì)較,在乎”等意思時(shí),用care about(接事物并多見(jiàn)于否定句)。如:
He doesnt care about what his girlfriend says.
他不介意她女友說(shuō)的話。
He never cares about his personal gain or loss.
他從來(lái)就不計(jì)較個(gè)人得失。
③在表示“關(guān)懷,照顧,愿意(常與would連用)”等意思時(shí),用care for。如:
We must care for the younger generation.
我們必須關(guān)懷年青的一代。
Thank you for caring for us so well.
感謝你對(duì)我們照顧得如此周到。
Would you care for a walk with me after supper?
你愿意晚飯之后和我一起去散步嗎?
2“have+賓語(yǔ)”后面接不定式時(shí),為什么有時(shí)候帶to,有時(shí)候不帶?
答:它們的意義是不一樣的?!癶ave+賓語(yǔ)+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”常有以下幾種形式:
①“have+賓語(yǔ)+do”中的have是使役動(dòng)詞,意為“讓、使、叫”,不定式作賓補(bǔ)。如:
The teacher had us give the classroom a thorough cleaning.
老師叫我們把教室徹底打掃一下。
②“have+賓語(yǔ)+to do”中的have是行為動(dòng)詞,意為“有”,不定式作定語(yǔ)。如:
I have a lot of work to do.
我有很多工作要做。
③“have+賓語(yǔ)+to be done”中的have也是行為動(dòng)詞,不定式的被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)且動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是本人。如:
Do you have anything to be taken to your brother in town?
你有什么東西要帶給你鎮(zhèn)里的兄弟嗎?(帶東西到鎮(zhèn)里去的人不是主語(yǔ)you而是問(wèn)話者)
④“have+賓語(yǔ)+done”中的have是使役動(dòng)詞,take過(guò)去分詞形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),意為“請(qǐng)(讓?zhuān)?,使)別人做某事;使得……遭遇/經(jīng)歷……不幸、意外或痛苦”。如:
I had some wedding photos taken.
我拍了幾張結(jié)婚照。(拍照是請(qǐng)別人執(zhí)行的)
Yesterday I had my wallet stolen.
昨天我的錢(qián)包被偷了。(偷盜是小偷執(zhí)行的)
⑤“have+賓語(yǔ)+doing” 中的have是使役動(dòng)詞,現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),意為“讓……一直……”,用法同keep... doing。如:
The mother busy doing the housework had the baby crying in bed.
忙于做家務(wù)的母親讓嬰兒在床上一直哭個(gè)不停。
3為什么Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver...中的take用動(dòng)詞原形?
答:rather than意為“而不是……”。它連接的并列成分可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞、分句、不定式、動(dòng)詞等。
①連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞:
You rather than I are going to go camping.
是你而不是我要去要野營(yíng)。
注意 連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與rather than前面的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。
②連接兩個(gè)形容詞:
He was mad rather than brave.
與其說(shuō)他勇敢不如說(shuō)他發(fā)瘋了。
③連接兩個(gè)介詞(短語(yǔ))或動(dòng)名詞:
She enjoys singing rather than dancing.
她喜歡唱歌,而不喜歡跳舞。
Many products are made by machinery rather than by hand.
許多產(chǎn)品是機(jī)器造的而非手工做的。
④連接兩個(gè)分句:
We should help him rather than he should help us.
我們應(yīng)該幫助他,而不是他應(yīng)該幫助我們。
⑤連接兩個(gè)不定式:
I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.
我決定寫(xiě)信,而不是打電話。
注意 rather than后接不定式時(shí),帶或不帶to都可以,但rather than位于句首時(shí),不定式不帶to。如:
Rather than travel by train, he preferred to fly.
他寧愿乘飛機(jī),而不愿坐火車(chē)去旅行。
⑥連接兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:
He ran rather than walked.
他是跑來(lái)的,而不是走來(lái)的。
注意 這里rather than后用walked而沒(méi)有用walk,表示的是客觀事實(shí),而非主觀愿望。如果換成walk,則作“寧愿……而不愿……”解。
4Youd better go now. 中的Youd是You had還是You would?
答:都可以。had better, would better, might better, had best的意思是“最好還是……;還是……好”,但它們還是有一定的差異。
①had better后接動(dòng)詞原形。例如:
You had better not do that.
你最好不要這樣做。
②had better,would better和might better在使用時(shí),had better最常用,would better次之,might better用得最少。
注意 would better不用于第一人稱(chēng)。
You had (would, might) better stay at home.
你最好還是待在家里。
③had best是had better的進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)語(yǔ),用法與had better相同,因?yàn)橛兴渍Z(yǔ)意味,不大常用。例如:
I had best have your opinions first.
我最好先聽(tīng)聽(tīng)你的意見(jiàn)。
④had better的過(guò)去式和完成式是had better have done,具有虛擬意味。例如:
I had better have got that job.
我要是得到那工作就好了。
You had better have come earlier.
你本該來(lái)得早一點(diǎn)。