少年走單騎，把藥送萬家

南非是艾滋病感染率極高的一個(gè)國(guó)家，艾滋病毒幾近失控般蔓延。雖說如今抗艾滋病毒的藥物在南非較以前有了更廣泛的使用，但仍有不在少數(shù)的患者拿不到救命藥，最主要的原因是他們需在診所耗費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間排隊(duì)等候取藥。一位23歲的南非少年看準(zhǔn)了這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，利用一輛自行車穿梭在城鎮(zhèn)里給無法到診所排隊(duì)取藥的患者送藥，賺到了他的第一桶金。

Robert Siegel （Host）： HIV medicine is more widely available than ever before. More than 10，000，000 people around the world now have access to the life-saving drugs. But actually getting those drugs from the local clinic isn’t always easy. NPR’s Anders Kelto explains why.

Anders Kelto （Byline）： I recently stopped by an HIV clinic in Cape Town， South Africa， and it was a familiar scene—dozens of people sitting on wooden benches looking really， really bored.

羅伯特·希格爾（主持人）：抗艾滋病毒藥物比之前有了更廣泛的使用。世界各地超過一千萬人目前能夠拿到這些救命藥。但事實(shí)上，從當(dāng)?shù)氐脑\所拿到那些藥并不總是件易事。來聽聽國(guó)家公共廣播電臺(tái)的安德斯·凱爾托道出緣由。

安德斯·凱爾托（撰稿人）：最近，我順道走訪了南非開普敦的一間艾滋病診所，還是熟悉的景象——幾十個(gè)人坐在長(zhǎng)木椅上，看起來相當(dāng)、相當(dāng)無聊。

Kumelo Enclazane： （Foreign language spoken.）

Kelto： Kumelo Enclazane （ph） told me he’d been at the clinic since six in the morning. It was two in the afternoon. It turns out long waits are a common problem across Africa， and for a poor person， it can be more than just an annoyance.

Suhair Solomon： You’re asking a patient to come and sit in a clinic for more than four or five hours. It really can have a significant negative impact on their life.

Kelto： Suhair Solomon is an HIV expert with Doctors Without Borders in Cape Town. She says spending all day at the clinic means missing work and losing money. But here’s the part that surprised me. Because of this lost income and the long waits， a lot of people just don’t show up. Tens of thousands—maybe hundreds of thousands of people get sick and even die because of long lines. Doctors Without Borders has come up with one solution. They’ve created HIV clubs that deliver medicine much more quickly.

Solomon： At an 1）adherence club， you’ll sit for a maximum of 45 minutes to an hour.

Kelto： There’s also a new 2）pharmacy in South Africa with a special machine that 3）dispenses HIV medicine almost immediately. But perhaps the best solution has come from this guy， 23-year-old Sizwe Nzima.

Sizwe Nzima： That looks like a nice bike.

Kelto： He’s really into bikes， especially mine which actually isn’t that nice.

Nzima： Wow， that’s nice. Woah， woah， now that is what I’m talking about.

庫(kù)美羅·安克拉贊：（說外語。）

凱爾托：庫(kù)美羅·安克拉贊告訴我他從早上六點(diǎn)起就在診所等著了。那時(shí)是下午兩點(diǎn)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的等候在非洲是普遍存在的問題，對(duì)窮人來說，這不僅僅是件煩心事。

蘇海爾·所羅門：你把一個(gè)病人叫來，讓他坐在診所里等超過四五個(gè)小時(shí)。這真的會(huì)對(duì)他們的生活產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的負(fù)面影響。

凱爾托：蘇海爾·所羅門是一位艾滋病專家，她是在開普敦的無國(guó)界醫(yī)生。她說，在診所待上一整天意味著耽誤工作、沒有收入。但是這才是讓我驚訝的地方。由于沒有收入和長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的等候，許多人干脆不出現(xiàn)了。成千上萬——可能數(shù)十萬人感染疾病，甚至死于長(zhǎng)期的等候。無國(guó)界醫(yī)生想出了一個(gè)辦法，他們成立了艾滋病俱樂部，能更快地送去藥物。

所羅門：在一所俱樂部分部，你將等上最長(zhǎng)45分鐘至1小時(shí)的時(shí)間。

凱爾托：在南非也有一家新開的藥房，他們有一種幾乎能夠即刻分發(fā)抗艾滋病毒藥物的特殊機(jī)器。但是，也許最好的解決方法出自這個(gè)人，23歲的希斯維·恩濟(jì)瑪。

希斯維·恩濟(jì)瑪：那看上去是輛不錯(cuò)的自行車。

凱爾托：他真的很喜歡自行車，特別是我的那輛事實(shí)上并不怎么好看。

恩濟(jì)瑪：哇，很不錯(cuò)。哇，哇，我就是那么認(rèn)為的。

Kelto： I met him at his small office in a low-income part of Cape Town. He was stuffing white plastic bags into a backpack.

Nzima： OK， these are the medication packs.

Kelto： Once his backpack was full， he 4）hopped on his bike.

Nzima： OK， let’s rock and roll—Sizwe on the journey.

Kelto： When Nzima was a teenager， he used to pick up his grandparents HIV medicine. He said he would get so frustrated with the long waits that he actually tried to 5）bribe the 6）pharmacist.

Nzima： Can you do this for me？ Can you keep this medication for me until I get back at a certain time？

Kelto： Then he thought wait， instead of paying money， why not try to make money here by starting a medicine delivery service？ He did some research and found lots of companies that delivered meds， but none were operating in Cape Town’s urban townships， where most people live in 7）shacks without addresses. And， Nzima said， even if a place has an address， it won’t help.

Nzima： You punch that in Google， Google won’t give it to you. Kelto： So you just—you need someone that knows the area.

Nzima： It needs local knowledge.

Kelto： So he turned his local knowledge into the first business of its kind， a bike delivery service for HIV patients. He peddled along a narrow road past rows of shacks. At one point， he almost got attacked by a dog. Of the many dangers he faces—speeding cars， robbers—he said dogs， they’re the worst.

凱爾托：我在開普敦低收入地區(qū)的小辦公室見到他。他正在將白色塑料袋塞進(jìn)一個(gè)背包。

恩濟(jì)瑪：好了，這些就是藥物包。凱爾托：背包一塞滿，他就跳上自行車。

恩濟(jì)瑪：好了，讓我們搖滾吧——希斯維上路咯。

凱爾托：當(dāng)恩濟(jì)瑪還是個(gè)少年時(shí)，他常常給祖父母領(lǐng)取抗艾滋病毒藥物。他說，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的等候讓他感到很沮喪，他真的嘗試過向藥劑師行賄。

恩濟(jì)瑪：你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎？能幫我看管這些藥嗎？我一會(huì)就回來。

凱爾托：后來他想（排隊(duì)）等候（領(lǐng)取藥物），與其付錢（行賄），為什么不在這兒試試開設(shè)送藥服務(wù)來賺錢呢？他做了一些調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)送藥的公司有很多，但是沒有一家能送到開普敦的城鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)，那兒大多數(shù)人住在沒有地址的簡(jiǎn)陋棚屋里。恩濟(jì)瑪還說，即使一個(gè)地方有地址，也無濟(jì)于事。

恩濟(jì)瑪：你用谷歌來搜索（這些地址），也查找不到。

凱爾托：所以你就——你需要熟悉那個(gè)地區(qū)的人。

恩濟(jì)瑪：需要了解當(dāng)?shù)厍闆r。

凱爾托：因此，他利用自己了解當(dāng)?shù)厍闆r的優(yōu)勢(shì)，開始了第一單生意，用自行車給艾滋病人送藥。他沿著狹窄的小路，穿過一排排棚屋宣傳他的生意。有一次，他差點(diǎn)被狗咬到。他面臨的種種危險(xiǎn)中——疾馳的車輛、搶劫——他說，（遭到）狗（的攻擊）是最糟糕的。

Nzima： Yeah， that’s the biggest hazard. Look， check these guys out. No， no， no， no.

Kelto： He made a few more turns and eventually arrived at a small brick house.

Nzima： Don’t worry you don’t have to lock our bikes. You can just put them down here.

Kelto： A man with gray hair answered the door.

Nzima： （Foreign language spoken.）

Kelto： Nzima handed him the medicine and collected the delivery fee—about 90 cents. I asked the man， named Loyce Peko， what he thought of this service.

Loyce Peko： Oh， that’s very wonderful. It is， because my wife and me—we are elderly’s， and without my medication， I’m， I’m nothing.

Kelto： The two thanked each other and Nzima got back on his bike. When he started this business a few years ago， Nzima had just two clients， his grandma and his grandpa. Now he’s got a lot more.

Nzima： 694.

Kelto： Clients？

Nzima： Yes.

Kelto： Wow.

Nzima： I’m doing good， man.

Kelto： He also has a staff of six， and like any good businessman， he keeps expanding the company.

恩濟(jì)瑪：那是最大的危險(xiǎn)?？?，小心它們。不，不，不，不。

凱爾托：他再轉(zhuǎn)了幾個(gè)彎，終于到達(dá)一間小磚房。

恩濟(jì)瑪：別擔(dān)心，不必鎖自行車，放倒在地上就可以了。

凱爾托：一位白發(fā)老人開了門。

希斯維：（說外語。）

凱爾托：恩濟(jì)瑪把藥遞給他，收到了送藥費(fèi)，約90美分。我問那位名叫羅伊斯·柏高的老人，他覺得這個(gè)服務(wù)怎么樣。

羅伊斯·柏高：哦，非常棒。因?yàn)槲液臀业钠拮印覀兩狭四昙o(jì)，沒有那些藥，我就活不下去了。

凱爾托：兩人相互道謝后，恩濟(jì)瑪重新騎上自行車。幾年前，當(dāng)他開設(shè)這項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)時(shí)，恩濟(jì)瑪只有兩位客戶，他的祖母和祖父。如今，他有了更多的客。濟(jì)瑪：694位。爾托：客戶嗎？濟(jì)瑪：是的。爾托：哇。濟(jì)瑪：我干得不賴，伙計(jì)。爾托：他還有六個(gè)員工，像任何成功的商人一樣，他還在擴(kuò)展他的公司。