高考作文輔導(dǎo)——如何寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)辯論稿

近年來(lái)，隨著新課改的深入推進(jìn)，高考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)題呈現(xiàn)一些新的特點(diǎn)和趨勢(shì)。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，寫(xiě)作情景的設(shè)置更加靈活多樣、寫(xiě)作話題新穎時(shí)尚，提綱作文逐步代替了要點(diǎn)作文，寫(xiě)作的開(kāi)放性逐步增強(qiáng)。而且，有些省市書(shū)面表達(dá)的分值有所增加。顯而易見(jiàn)，高考加大了對(duì)學(xué)生寫(xiě)作能力的考查力度。

但是，高考閱卷發(fā)現(xiàn)，考生在英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作方面存在各種問(wèn)題：有些考生審題不清，導(dǎo)致短文偏離主題；有的行文缺乏邏輯，層次混亂；有的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)生硬，寫(xiě)出的句子明顯帶有漢語(yǔ)句式的痕跡；還有些考生詞不達(dá)意，不能很好地完成寫(xiě)作任務(wù)。正是缺乏必備的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作技巧影響了考生書(shū)面表達(dá)試題的得分。本刊將刊登系列英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作輔導(dǎo)稿件，以幫助同學(xué)們提高英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)能力。本期“快樂(lè)學(xué)堂”將探討如何寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)辯論稿。

寫(xiě)作練習(xí)

近年來(lái)，不少學(xué)校出臺(tái)嚴(yán)厲的措施，禁止中學(xué)生把手機(jī)帶到學(xué)校。此事引發(fā)了各界熱議。你校打算舉辦一場(chǎng)英語(yǔ)辯論活動(dòng)，要求辯手圍繞“Should students be forbidden to bring their mobile phones to school？”展開(kāi)辯論。你打算參加辯論，請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)辯論稿。內(nèi)容包括：

1 表明你的觀點(diǎn)

2 提供證據(jù)支持你的觀點(diǎn)

3 結(jié)論段

注意：字?jǐn)?shù)：不少于120。

【參考范文1】（正方觀點(diǎn)）

In recent years， many schools have taken tough measures to forbid students from bringing their mobile phones to school， which has caused heated debate among parents. I am in favor of banning students bringing phones to school. My reasons are as follows.

First， there is no need to bring mobile phones to school because students can use public phones to contact their parents in case of an emergency. And parents can call the teachers to reach their children. Besides， mobile phones distract students from concentrating on their lessons as they may chat online with their friends or surf the Internet after class. Third， students are likely to compare the brands of their mobile phones with their classmates.

To sum up， I strongly support banning mobile phones in schools.

【范文剖析】

1. 這是一篇辯論稿，文章應(yīng)包含三個(gè)部分。第一段是導(dǎo)語(yǔ)段，引出辯論的話題，同時(shí)表明自己的立場(chǎng)觀點(diǎn)。第二段提供充分的論據(jù)來(lái)支撐自己的論點(diǎn)。第三段為總階段，總結(jié)前文，再次表明自己的觀點(diǎn)。

2. 第一段和第二段之間使用了過(guò)渡句My reasons are as follows，使上下文銜接緊密。

3. 二段中用連接詞First， Besides和Third列舉了三點(diǎn)證據(jù)來(lái)支撐自己的觀點(diǎn)。最后一段使用To sum up表明結(jié)論段。

4. 短語(yǔ)亮點(diǎn)：

take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事

be in favor of 贊成 ban doing sth 禁止做某事

as follows 列舉如下 in case of 如果

distract sb. from doing 使某人不專心做某事 concentrate on 集中注意力于

after class 課下 be likely to do 可能做某事

compare sth. with sb. 把某物與某人相比 to sum up 總而言之

5. 句子亮點(diǎn)

（1）復(fù)合句：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：which has caused heated debate among parents；原因狀語(yǔ)從句：because they can use public phones to contact their parents in case of an emergency；as they may chat online with their friends or surf the Internet after class。

（2）？非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)：many schools take tough measures to forbid students from bringing their mobile phones to school；And parents can call the teachers to reach their children；動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：I am in favor of banning phones to school。

（3）固定句式：①?zèng)]有必要做某事：there is no need for students to bring mobile phones to school。②很有可能做某事： students are likely to compare the brands of their mobile phones。

【技巧點(diǎn)撥】

1. 辯論稿是英文中一種常見(jiàn)的寫(xiě)作文體，旨在幫助辯手在辯論過(guò)程中更好地陳述自己的立場(chǎng)和觀點(diǎn)，并提供論據(jù)。

2. 辯論稿通常由三部分組成。第一，要提出一個(gè)辯論的話題，并亮明自己的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度；第二，提供充足的論據(jù)來(lái)支撐自己的觀點(diǎn)；第三，總結(jié)前文，再次強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的觀點(diǎn)和立場(chǎng)。

3. 寫(xiě)辯論稿時(shí)用到的句式：

（1）陳述正反觀點(diǎn)？

Some people argue that/hold the idea that…

But I hold the opposite view. / I am against this idea. I would agree that…/ I strongly believe that…

I’m in favor of…

First of all/First/Firstly/Initially Second/Secondly/Then/Next/Besides Last/Finally/Last but not least/What’s more/More importantly In conclusion…/All in all…/In summary…/To sum up…/In a word…

（2）可使用下列表示順序的詞語(yǔ)羅列論據(jù)？

（3）辯論稿結(jié)尾表示總結(jié)陳詞的話？

【參考范文2】（反方觀點(diǎn)）

Recently， many schools have taken tough measures to forbid students from bringing mobile phones to school， about which teachers and parents have different opinions. In my opinion， students should be allowed to bring their phones to school. Here are my reasons.

First of all， it is convenient for students keep in touch with their parents so that parents can know how their children are getting along at school. Secondly， mobile phones make it easy for students to contact their friends when they are in need of help. More importantly， students can relax themselves by listening to music or playing games after class.

All in all， students should be allowed to bring mobile phones to school as long as they can use them in a proper way.

名師簡(jiǎn)介

昝亞娟，河南師范大學(xué)教育碩士，河南省教師教育專家，首批中小學(xué)正高級(jí)教師。從事教育工作29年，其中25年擔(dān)任畢業(yè)班教學(xué)。在英語(yǔ)報(bào)刊雜志發(fā)表稿件一千多篇，為《英語(yǔ)周報(bào)》、《學(xué)生雙語(yǔ)報(bào)》、《學(xué)生英語(yǔ)報(bào)》、天星教育圖書(shū)公司特約作者，主編和參編英語(yǔ)教輔圖書(shū)八十多本。連續(xù)多年榮獲英語(yǔ)周報(bào)“金筆作者獎(jiǎng)” 。