• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    Protection and Transmission of the Fireweed-Ramie Weaving Technique of the Taliu People of the Yi in Yongsheng County, Yunnan

    2015-04-29 14:17:46ZiZhiyueLiangRui
    民族學刊 2015年2期

    Zi Zhiyue Liang Rui

    Abstract:I. The Distribution of the Taliu People and their Traditional Costume The Taliu people are also called the Talv people; and they call themselves the “Tanusu” or “Talvsu”. In 1956, the Taliu were classified as a branch of the Yi. They mainly live in Yongsheng, and Huaping counties of Yunnan, and Yanbian, and Yanyuan counties of Sichuan. The main community of the Taliu is concentrated in the three village committees of Yinshan, Yushui and Shuanghe, in Liude Yi and Lisu Township, Yongsheng county.The Taliu are an ethnic group who have their own language, but have no writing system. In general, they can speak and write Han Chinese. The “Duoyi”, or the communicators between man and the gods in Taliu society, have a writing system of special pictographic symbols which they use when they hold funerary rituals.

    Liude Yi and Lisu Township is located in the southeastern part of Yongsheng county of Lijiang city. It is around 30 kilometers away from the county seat. The township oversees 8 village committees and 71 small village groups; and it covers an area of 330.8 square kilometers. In early 2014, the total population of this township was 14,246 people, among which 6,635 are Lisu, which is 47% of the population; 4,648 are Taliu people of Yi, which is 32% of the population; and 3,214 are Han and other ethnic minorities, which is 21% of the population . Ninty percent of the Taliu have the surnames Chen, Wang, Lan, and Hai.

    Clothes woven from fireweed and ramie are a handicraft passed down for generations by the Taliu Yi in Yongsheng County. Due to the lack of relevant historical records, it is not possible for us to date when the Taliu began weaving cloth from fireweed-ramie. In a folk song called the “Taliu dadiao” or the “Great Melody of the Taliu”, which is popular in the Taliu mountainous area, it says that “the baby is waiting to be separated from the body of the mother, the twine used for the umbilical cord is collected from the forest…what will be used to wrap up the baby? Is it possible to use the hemp clothes of the parents? The hemp clothes are prepared from the flowers by the parents; the hamp clothes are made of the hemp produced by the mother; the hemp clothes are woven from the fireweed collected by the father; the beautiful hemp clothes are filled with the love from the parents.” In addition, in the cluster of Taliu ancient tomb stones located in the three administrative villages of Yinshan, Yushui and Shanhe, there are 6,300 graves of the Yu clan of the Taliu people dating from the Wanli period of the Ming dynasty to the early years of the Republican era. Many fireweed patterns are carved on these tombstones. From this, we can note that fireweed is not only closely related to the daily life of the Taliu, but that a weaving technique using fireweed must also have a very ancient history.

    The traditional costume of Taliu people differs stylistically according to age differences among these differences, those differences in female costume are quite obvious. The traditional male costume of the Taliu can be divided into “short attire”, ritual costume and funeral costume. The female costumes are mainly divided into children餾 clothes, young girl餾 clothes, young women餾 clothes and adult clothes.

    II. An Intangible Cultural Heritage— Taliu People餾 Fireweed-Ramie Weaving Technique

    According to literary records, among the ethnic minorities in southwestern China, there is a tradition of using the leaves of wild plants as a material for weaving. This includes the Naxi, Zhuang, Miao, Lisu, Nu, etc. The cloth made from fireweed-ramie not only has the quality of warmth provided by the fireweed, but it also is pliable and tough, a quality provided by the ramie. Hence, the Taliu have a tradition of making clothes using fireweed and ramie.

    In the long history of production and living customs among the Chinese people, the weaving techniques of the people in the ancient time went through three stages: the first is the primitive hand woven stage. People collected materials from their surrounding areas; they collected Pueraria lobota, fibre, wild silk, the feather of birds and animals to weave; the second stage is the use of hand driven machines to weave cloth.In this stage, the weaving tools gradually changed into a kind of hand driven mechanized system with spindles, spinning reels , and spinning wheels ; the third stage is when the weaving process developing into one using machines. During this time, many forms of handcrafted machines appeared, for instances, the reel wheel and spinning wheel developed from being hand-operated style to foot-operated style, and the system of using single spindles developed to using double or multi spindles. In this way, production efficiency was improved. The Taliu people餾 fireweed-ramie weving technique includes thirteen different procedures , for example, peeling the ramie, scraping the ramie, washing the ramie, making ramie threads, boiling the ramie threads, weaving, etc. Twine processing is very complicated. Traditionally it was said that “there are 74 procedures for processing twine”. However, processing fireweed is relatively simple.

    III. Challenges for the Protection and Transmission of the Taliu People餾 Fireweed-Ramie Weaving Technique

    In the Taliu villages of Yongsheng, there are no special teachers who teach the fireweed-ramie weaving technique; most people learn this technique through transmission within the family. The Taliu believe that weaving is not only a technique for production and daily living, but it is also an important criterion for evaluating whether or not a girl is virtuous. Because the clothes made from fireweed-ramie are closely related with the rituals of life and daily life of the Taliu, the fireweed-ramie weaving technique has been preserved up to the present time.

    The fireweed-ramie weaving technique of the Taliu people takes fireweed and ramie as the raw material, and it is completely a traditional handwoven technique. The clothes, no matter for male or women, use black and white as its main colors, mixed with some other colors. The clothes have a strong ornamental value as well as a research value. Hence, Taliu costumes have been collected by the museums of Central Nationalitiy University of China, of Yunnan University, and even the British Museum, the Russian State Museum, etc. The costume of the Taliu is gradually working its way out of the isolated mountain villages, and is becoming known and accepted by more and more tourists and researchers both home and abroad. At the same time, with the promotion and effort of the local cultural elites and local government, in 2009, the fireweed-ramie weaving technique of the Taliu was inscribed in the second group of the Yunnan Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection List. This established a good platform for the protection and transmission of this weaving technique. At present, many households in Taliu village, including Shuanghe and Yinshan, have preserved the wooden-frame looms which are around 1.8 meters high and 2.0 meters width. If we step into the courtyards of the Taliu during the sixth and seventh lunar months, we can still see Taliu women spinning and weaving here and there.

    However, following the improvement of the living conditions of the Taliu, and changes in the natural environment, both the traditional way of production and values of the Taliu have changed. This has brought a serious challenge to the continuation of the Taliu people餾 fireweed-ramie weaving techniques. The main causes are:

    1) the reduction of raw material. On one hand, because of serious deforestation, the gradual destruction of the natural vegetation and serious soil erosion in Taliu area, the natural ecology on which the Taliu people餾 traditional weaving craft depends, is gradually worsening. As a result, the production of fireweed is gradually being reduced. Hence, it is not easy to get enough raw material for the traditional woven needs. On the other hand, due to low production, the Taliu also reduced their planting of ramie. Hence, it is possible that the Taliu餾 fireweed-ramie weaving technique will gradually be lost.

    2) the relatively complicated production process. Taliu traditional weaving primarily depends on a self-sufficient family economic unit. In general, the cloth is not used for market exchange. In other words, it has not yet become part of industrial production. As an intangible cultural heritage technique, the production process is very complicated. Moreover, the cost of production is very high, and it is very time consuming. When new kinds of production for articles of daily use, which use synthetic fabrics, entered the common people餾 homes, traditional weaving is gradually replaced by less expensive textiles which are mass produced. This, to a certain degree, has limited the transmission of the Taliu people餾 fireweed-ramie weaving techniques.

    3) the changes in values. Following the gradual improvement of the Taliu餾 living conditions; the frequent communication with other ethnic peoples; and the influence of the modern life style, the values and aesthetic ideals of the younger generation of the Taliu also changed. Except during ethnic festivals, weddings and funerals, not many young Taliu wear their traditional ethnic costume in daily life, and they do not want to spend time leaning traditional weaving. This has greatly impacted the transmission of the Taliu people餾 fireweed-ramie weaving technique.

    4) the appearance of a “break”in the line of transmission. According to statistics, during the recent 20 years, many young Taliu have left their villages to find jobs in Lijiang, Kunming and other cities. Some Taliu girls even married outside, and do not come back to their villages. At present, it is mostly middle-aged women who take the responsibility of weaving, for example, as seen in Shuanghe village. The number of young women who engage in traditional weaving has become less and less. Hence, the line of transmission for Taliu fireweed-ramie techniques is in danger - there could be no qualified successors

    IV. Some Thoughts on the Protection and Transmission of the Taliu People餾 Fireweed-Ramie Weaving Technique

    This fireweed-ramie technique is the crystallization of Taliu production and life practice, and it is an important part of Chinese cultural heritage. It is also an important marker for maintaining the local social historical memory, and cultural identity, and is a kind of non-renewable cultural resource. If we do not take efficient measures to protect it, it might be in danger of disappearing.This article thinks that the following aspects should be of concern with regard to the protection and transmission of Taliu fireweed-ramie weaving technique.

    1) Fully engage the guiding role of the government for ethnic cultural protection.

    The government should take the leading role in cultural protection.

    2) Be concerned with the living cultural inheritors among the Taliu folk

    The inheritors are important carriers and transmittors of intangible cultural heritage—they are not only a living treasure of intangible cultural heritage, but also the representatives for the transmission of intangible cultural heritage. Hence, if this weaving technique of the Taliu needs to be passed on, governmental institutes on various levels must provide necessary attention, and a living subsidy to the living weavers so as to ensure that they have energy for training pupils.

    3) Enhance the cultural consciousness of the Taliu community for protecting their ethnic culture.

    Intangible cultural protection should firstly be a kind of cultural consciousness of the people, and should be practiced by the whole society. Hence, On the premise of clear government dominated principle, we must constantly strengthen consciousness of Taliu cadres and masses of the Taliu, and help more Taliu cadres be aware of the necessity and importance of the safeguarding and transmission of intangible cultural heritage.Doing so will enhance their ethnic pride and ethnic confidence, and promote the sustainable development of the Taliu people餾 traditional woven techniques.

    4) Strengthen public information regarding the protection of Taliu ethnic culture

    We should take efficient measurements to strengthen public information regarding the protection of Taliu culture, and by doing so enable more Taliu and people in the outside world understand Taliu culture, be concerned about Taliu culture, and construct a good social atmosphere which will be good for the protection and inheritance of Taliu intangible cultural heritage.

    In conclusion, fireweed-ramie weaving technique is a “l(fā)iving culture” which has been passed down by the Taliu for generations. It is the crystallization of the precious wealth and wisdom of the Taliu during the long process of their history. Hence, protecting and making good use of this weaving technique will provide significant meaning to ethnic unity, social stability, and the preservation of ethnic cultural diversity in ethnic minority areas

    Key Words: Taliu people; fireweed-ramie cloth; woven techniques; protection and transmission

    References:

    Hang Caiwen. 珁izu zhixi taliuren de lishi yuanliu(Historical Origin of Taliu People of the Yi).獻n 獼ournal of Yunnan University for Nationalities,2004(5).

    Huang Caiwen.珁unnan renkou jiaoshao minzu feiwuzhi wenhua yichan baohu yu chuancheng-yi bangbincun bulangzu de chuantong fangzhi jiyi wei yanjiu ge餫n (ICH Protection and Transmission of Small Population Ethnic Minorities in Yunnan—Taking Traditional Woven Technique of the Bulang People in Bangbin Village as a Case Study).獻n 玁orthwest Ethnic Studies, 2011(3).

    Li Xiaochen,Li Yun. 珃hongguo xinan shaoshu minzu de huocaobu fangzhi(Fireweed Cloth Woven of Ethnic Minorities in Southwest China). In Yunnan Social Sciences, 2010(2).

    Liu Xiaochun. 玣eiwuzhi wenhua yichan de difangxing yu gonggongxing(the Locality and Publicness of Intangible Cultural Heritage).In 獼ournal of Guangxi University for Nationalities, 2008(3).

    Sun Jiazheng. 玹igao minzu wenhua zijue-zuohao woguo feiwuzhi wenhua yichan baohu gongzuo(Promoting Ethnic Cultural Consciousness-Do a Good Job on Our Country餾 ICH Protection). In Literature & Art Studies,2005(10).

    Yongsheng County Cultural and Historical Material Committee. 玹aliu dadiao(Great Melody of Taliu). In 玈elected Works of Yongsheng Cultural and Historical Materials,1992(4).

    Zhang Yue. 玹anhua yizu chahuajie (Flower Bouquet Festival of the Yi). Kunming:Yunnan renmin chubanshe,2009.

    Zhong Qiu,Luo Yu. 玵iantan Yunnan shaoshu minzu fangzhi(A Brief Discussion on the Woven Technique of Ethnic Minorities of Yunnan). In 獻deological Front, 1998(12).

    Zhong Qiu, Luo Yu. 珁unnan wuzhi wenhua?fanzhijuan(Yunan Material Culture?Textile).獽unming: Yunnan jiaoyu chubanshe,2000.

    Zhou Heping. 珃hongguo feiwuzhi wenhua yichan baohu de shijian yu tansuo(The Practice and Exploration of the ICH Protection in China).獻n 玊ruth Seeking,2010(4).

    人人澡人人妻人| 成人二区视频| 亚洲国产毛片av蜜桃av| 国产免费又黄又爽又色| www.av在线官网国产| 90打野战视频偷拍视频| 黄色 视频免费看| 国产成人aa在线观看| 一区二区三区乱码不卡18| 国产片特级美女逼逼视频| 精品卡一卡二卡四卡免费| 99久国产av精品国产电影| 2018国产大陆天天弄谢| 美女国产视频在线观看| 国产激情久久老熟女| 精品午夜福利在线看| 亚洲精品国产一区二区精华液| 成人影院久久| 欧美国产精品va在线观看不卡| 99热全是精品| 在线观看一区二区三区激情| 成人亚洲精品一区在线观看| 男女边摸边吃奶| 国产免费福利视频在线观看| 成人免费观看视频高清| 国产xxxxx性猛交| 国产不卡av网站在线观看| 宅男免费午夜| 母亲3免费完整高清在线观看 | 国产精品.久久久| 亚洲av电影在线进入| 国产白丝娇喘喷水9色精品| 丁香六月天网| 亚洲精品中文字幕在线视频| 狠狠精品人妻久久久久久综合| 黄色 视频免费看| 国产片特级美女逼逼视频| 精品99又大又爽又粗少妇毛片| 日日啪夜夜爽| 亚洲人成网站在线观看播放| 亚洲人成网站在线观看播放| 亚洲,欧美,日韩| 久久99一区二区三区| 伊人亚洲综合成人网| 美女大奶头黄色视频| 91精品三级在线观看| 亚洲视频免费观看视频| 巨乳人妻的诱惑在线观看| 宅男免费午夜| 日韩一区二区视频免费看| 国产精品不卡视频一区二区| 成年av动漫网址| 欧美成人午夜精品| 国产精品国产三级国产专区5o| 一级片'在线观看视频| 欧美精品av麻豆av| 成年人午夜在线观看视频| 搡老乐熟女国产| 久久精品久久精品一区二区三区| 久久 成人 亚洲| 观看av在线不卡| 少妇的丰满在线观看| 亚洲av国产av综合av卡| av片东京热男人的天堂| 青春草亚洲视频在线观看| av卡一久久| 国产成人a∨麻豆精品| 黑人猛操日本美女一级片| 一二三四中文在线观看免费高清| 免费黄色在线免费观看| 在线观看人妻少妇| 男人舔女人的私密视频| 久久精品久久久久久久性| 午夜精品国产一区二区电影| 天天躁夜夜躁狠狠躁躁| 国产精品香港三级国产av潘金莲 | av卡一久久| 热99国产精品久久久久久7| 亚洲欧美精品综合一区二区三区 | 七月丁香在线播放| 人人妻人人澡人人看| 国产一区亚洲一区在线观看| 2018国产大陆天天弄谢| 老司机亚洲免费影院| 老女人水多毛片| 黑丝袜美女国产一区| 日韩不卡一区二区三区视频在线| 久久午夜福利片| www.自偷自拍.com| 国产在线免费精品| 国产精品秋霞免费鲁丝片| 卡戴珊不雅视频在线播放| www日本在线高清视频| 美女视频免费永久观看网站| 男女无遮挡免费网站观看| tube8黄色片| 黄片小视频在线播放| 国产av精品麻豆| 大香蕉久久成人网| 国产极品粉嫩免费观看在线| 亚洲天堂av无毛| 日韩三级伦理在线观看| 日韩成人av中文字幕在线观看| 中文乱码字字幕精品一区二区三区| 国产精品国产三级国产专区5o| 三上悠亚av全集在线观看| 日韩欧美一区视频在线观看| 人体艺术视频欧美日本| 日韩制服骚丝袜av| 黄色怎么调成土黄色| 一本大道久久a久久精品| 777久久人妻少妇嫩草av网站| 亚洲 欧美一区二区三区| av一本久久久久| 免费观看性生交大片5| 国产免费视频播放在线视频| 欧美另类一区| 有码 亚洲区| 在线观看美女被高潮喷水网站| 精品少妇久久久久久888优播| 亚洲欧美成人综合另类久久久| 1024视频免费在线观看| 亚洲第一青青草原| 国产探花极品一区二区| 国产av一区二区精品久久| 热99久久久久精品小说推荐| 男人添女人高潮全过程视频| videos熟女内射| 在线观看免费视频网站a站| 岛国毛片在线播放| 欧美97在线视频| 欧美+日韩+精品| 老司机影院毛片| 亚洲激情五月婷婷啪啪| 亚洲美女视频黄频| 色哟哟·www| 午夜福利视频精品| 97精品久久久久久久久久精品| 乱人伦中国视频| 另类亚洲欧美激情| 国产熟女欧美一区二区| 青草久久国产| av又黄又爽大尺度在线免费看| 久久 成人 亚洲| 极品少妇高潮喷水抽搐| 亚洲av欧美aⅴ国产| 成人影院久久| av线在线观看网站| 在线看a的网站| 久久久久视频综合| 一边摸一边做爽爽视频免费| 黄色一级大片看看| 一本—道久久a久久精品蜜桃钙片| 国产精品久久久久成人av| 国产色婷婷99| 一区二区三区精品91| 校园人妻丝袜中文字幕| 一级爰片在线观看| 男女边摸边吃奶| 精品少妇久久久久久888优播| 香蕉精品网在线| 性高湖久久久久久久久免费观看| 亚洲av男天堂| 欧美精品亚洲一区二区| a级片在线免费高清观看视频| 久久精品国产亚洲av高清一级| 可以免费在线观看a视频的电影网站 | 欧美精品国产亚洲| 丝袜脚勾引网站| 久久精品熟女亚洲av麻豆精品| 亚洲av中文av极速乱| 成人18禁高潮啪啪吃奶动态图| 另类精品久久| 国产av精品麻豆| www.精华液| 久久久精品区二区三区| 亚洲人成77777在线视频| 熟女电影av网| √禁漫天堂资源中文www| av国产久精品久网站免费入址| 一级爰片在线观看| 午夜日本视频在线| 亚洲精品久久午夜乱码| 最近最新中文字幕免费大全7| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 日韩视频在线欧美| 国产精品成人在线| 啦啦啦在线免费观看视频4| 丝袜喷水一区| 成人手机av| 91精品国产国语对白视频| 丝瓜视频免费看黄片| 天堂中文最新版在线下载| 欧美少妇被猛烈插入视频| 女的被弄到高潮叫床怎么办| 高清黄色对白视频在线免费看| 成人漫画全彩无遮挡| 蜜桃国产av成人99| 亚洲国产精品一区二区三区在线| 黄色毛片三级朝国网站| 涩涩av久久男人的天堂| 亚洲av欧美aⅴ国产| 亚洲精品久久午夜乱码| 亚洲精品久久成人aⅴ小说| 青草久久国产| 亚洲国产精品成人久久小说| 亚洲,欧美精品.| 免费在线观看黄色视频的| 欧美日韩国产mv在线观看视频| 国产成人精品一,二区| 午夜福利网站1000一区二区三区| 91在线精品国自产拍蜜月| 人妻系列 视频| 亚洲男人天堂网一区| 精品一区二区三区四区五区乱码 | 天天躁夜夜躁狠狠久久av| 观看美女的网站| 免费黄网站久久成人精品| 亚洲av日韩在线播放| 精品久久蜜臀av无| 久久精品久久久久久久性| 日本黄色日本黄色录像| 国产黄色免费在线视频| 性色avwww在线观看| 美女午夜性视频免费| 免费人妻精品一区二区三区视频| 咕卡用的链子| 伦精品一区二区三区| 国产成人91sexporn| 欧美精品亚洲一区二区| 亚洲成色77777| 黑人猛操日本美女一级片| 在线亚洲精品国产二区图片欧美| 寂寞人妻少妇视频99o| av天堂久久9| 久久久精品区二区三区| 国产欧美亚洲国产| 在线观看三级黄色| 亚洲av综合色区一区| 人妻一区二区av| 久久久精品国产亚洲av高清涩受| 欧美日韩av久久| 日韩,欧美,国产一区二区三区| 街头女战士在线观看网站| 亚洲精品久久午夜乱码| 午夜免费观看性视频| av在线观看视频网站免费| 好男人视频免费观看在线| 午夜免费男女啪啪视频观看| 如日韩欧美国产精品一区二区三区| 精品久久久精品久久久| 宅男免费午夜| 啦啦啦在线观看免费高清www| 国产亚洲一区二区精品| 亚洲一码二码三码区别大吗| 欧美日韩视频高清一区二区三区二| 久久久久久人妻| 天堂中文最新版在线下载| 制服人妻中文乱码| 乱人伦中国视频| 欧美精品一区二区大全| 99九九在线精品视频| kizo精华| 成年女人毛片免费观看观看9 | 精品国产乱码久久久久久小说| 丝袜脚勾引网站| 欧美+日韩+精品| 中文精品一卡2卡3卡4更新| 亚洲精品国产av蜜桃| 久久久亚洲精品成人影院| 9191精品国产免费久久| 国产伦理片在线播放av一区| 亚洲欧洲日产国产| 亚洲美女搞黄在线观看| 亚洲色图 男人天堂 中文字幕| 黄色视频在线播放观看不卡| 99精国产麻豆久久婷婷| 大片免费播放器 马上看| 欧美黄色片欧美黄色片| 国产亚洲最大av| 国产深夜福利视频在线观看| 又大又黄又爽视频免费| 中文字幕制服av| 美女大奶头黄色视频| 日韩欧美精品免费久久| av有码第一页| av在线播放精品| 午夜福利一区二区在线看| 日韩制服骚丝袜av| 纯流量卡能插随身wifi吗| 亚洲一区二区三区欧美精品| 欧美日韩av久久| 一级毛片黄色毛片免费观看视频| 国产精品女同一区二区软件| a级片在线免费高清观看视频| 日韩av免费高清视频| 国产乱人偷精品视频| 久久99蜜桃精品久久| 国产片特级美女逼逼视频| 人体艺术视频欧美日本| 日韩欧美精品免费久久| 国产成人精品在线电影| 亚洲成人手机| av有码第一页| 日本爱情动作片www.在线观看| 赤兔流量卡办理| 日韩中文字幕视频在线看片| 亚洲av在线观看美女高潮| 亚洲美女黄色视频免费看| 亚洲欧美中文字幕日韩二区| 1024香蕉在线观看| 亚洲av成人精品一二三区| av女优亚洲男人天堂| 亚洲,欧美,日韩| 少妇人妻 视频| 下体分泌物呈黄色| 99精国产麻豆久久婷婷| 日韩欧美精品免费久久| 五月开心婷婷网| 久久综合国产亚洲精品| 午夜免费男女啪啪视频观看| 久久ye,这里只有精品| 精品一区二区三卡| 成人国产av品久久久| 免费高清在线观看视频在线观看| 中文精品一卡2卡3卡4更新| 免费看av在线观看网站| 国产一区二区三区av在线| 亚洲国产精品成人久久小说| 人人澡人人妻人| 天天影视国产精品| 啦啦啦在线观看免费高清www| 在线观看人妻少妇| 色婷婷av一区二区三区视频| 韩国高清视频一区二区三区| 国产精品无大码| 好男人视频免费观看在线| 深夜精品福利| 男女国产视频网站| 久久精品国产鲁丝片午夜精品| 婷婷色综合大香蕉| 亚洲欧美精品综合一区二区三区 | 极品人妻少妇av视频| 欧美日韩亚洲高清精品| 人体艺术视频欧美日本| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区久久| 人人妻人人爽人人添夜夜欢视频| 青青草视频在线视频观看| 日本91视频免费播放| 国产麻豆69| 日本欧美国产在线视频| 久久人妻熟女aⅴ| 青青草视频在线视频观看| av视频免费观看在线观看| 免费播放大片免费观看视频在线观看| 成人二区视频| 国产免费福利视频在线观看| 99久久精品国产国产毛片| 亚洲男人天堂网一区| 亚洲av电影在线观看一区二区三区| 欧美成人精品欧美一级黄| 久久av网站| 久久久久人妻精品一区果冻| 精品亚洲成国产av| 久久久久久伊人网av| 少妇人妻精品综合一区二区| av有码第一页| 丰满迷人的少妇在线观看| 免费看不卡的av| 亚洲欧洲国产日韩| 久久精品国产a三级三级三级| 亚洲av中文av极速乱| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 一本一本久久a久久精品综合妖精 国产伦在线观看视频一区 | 国产精品嫩草影院av在线观看| a级片在线免费高清观看视频| 久久这里只有精品19| 国产爽快片一区二区三区| 永久免费av网站大全| 日本爱情动作片www.在线观看| 亚洲精品美女久久久久99蜜臀 | 麻豆乱淫一区二区| 精品国产一区二区三区久久久樱花| 亚洲av电影在线观看一区二区三区| 亚洲精品久久成人aⅴ小说| 国产一区二区在线观看av| 三级国产精品片| av在线观看视频网站免费| 我要看黄色一级片免费的| 人妻 亚洲 视频| 午夜久久久在线观看| 韩国精品一区二区三区| 最新的欧美精品一区二区| 少妇人妻精品综合一区二区| 欧美xxⅹ黑人| 热99国产精品久久久久久7| 91精品三级在线观看| 高清av免费在线| 久热这里只有精品99| 国产精品秋霞免费鲁丝片| 久久 成人 亚洲| 国产成人精品在线电影| 久久综合国产亚洲精品| 国产无遮挡羞羞视频在线观看| 国产一区二区三区av在线| 性色avwww在线观看| 国产在线一区二区三区精| 大香蕉久久成人网| 水蜜桃什么品种好| 只有这里有精品99| av女优亚洲男人天堂| 男女啪啪激烈高潮av片| 春色校园在线视频观看| 看免费成人av毛片| 一二三四中文在线观看免费高清| 热99久久久久精品小说推荐| 色婷婷av一区二区三区视频| 精品国产一区二区三区四区第35| 精品一区二区免费观看| 精品亚洲成a人片在线观看| 成人手机av| 99久国产av精品国产电影| 中文天堂在线官网| 99久久精品国产国产毛片| 纵有疾风起免费观看全集完整版| 又黄又粗又硬又大视频| 老汉色av国产亚洲站长工具| 国产免费一区二区三区四区乱码| 亚洲精品美女久久av网站| 国产成人a∨麻豆精品| 亚洲欧美成人精品一区二区| av免费观看日本| av线在线观看网站| 久久精品国产自在天天线| 韩国精品一区二区三区| 欧美日韩视频精品一区| 男男h啪啪无遮挡| 肉色欧美久久久久久久蜜桃| 一二三四中文在线观看免费高清| 大陆偷拍与自拍| 9色porny在线观看| 999久久久国产精品视频| 亚洲美女视频黄频| 中文字幕亚洲精品专区| 日本vs欧美在线观看视频| 国产无遮挡羞羞视频在线观看| 久久精品久久久久久噜噜老黄| 亚洲精品在线美女| 久久久久久久久久久久大奶| 另类精品久久| 亚洲av中文av极速乱| 国产成人欧美| 亚洲精品自拍成人| 欧美日本中文国产一区发布| 搡老乐熟女国产| 在线观看人妻少妇| 亚洲国产欧美在线一区| 日韩制服丝袜自拍偷拍| 国产成人91sexporn| 伊人久久大香线蕉亚洲五| 国产精品av久久久久免费| 曰老女人黄片| av.在线天堂| 免费黄色在线免费观看| 国产女主播在线喷水免费视频网站| 麻豆乱淫一区二区| 亚洲精品自拍成人| 五月天丁香电影| 亚洲精品视频女| av女优亚洲男人天堂| 国产黄频视频在线观看| 国产老妇伦熟女老妇高清| 九草在线视频观看| 日本爱情动作片www.在线观看| 成人午夜精彩视频在线观看| 久久99热这里只频精品6学生| 久久这里有精品视频免费| 一区二区av电影网| 乱人伦中国视频| 日韩一本色道免费dvd| av卡一久久| 亚洲视频免费观看视频| 亚洲成人手机| 不卡视频在线观看欧美| 最近手机中文字幕大全| 久久久久久久久久久免费av| 老司机亚洲免费影院| 黑丝袜美女国产一区| 日韩成人av中文字幕在线观看| 老司机影院毛片| 嫩草影院入口| 欧美精品一区二区大全| 老司机影院成人| 久久久国产精品麻豆| 亚洲四区av| 大香蕉久久网| 伦理电影免费视频| 国产精品.久久久| 久久综合国产亚洲精品| 丝袜美腿诱惑在线| 叶爱在线成人免费视频播放| 9热在线视频观看99| 欧美老熟妇乱子伦牲交| 久久 成人 亚洲| 欧美激情极品国产一区二区三区| 精品久久蜜臀av无| 美女中出高潮动态图| 天堂8中文在线网| 国产成人午夜福利电影在线观看| 啦啦啦视频在线资源免费观看| 在线天堂中文资源库| 欧美国产精品va在线观看不卡| av有码第一页| 欧美日韩av久久| 中文字幕人妻熟女乱码| 久久久久久免费高清国产稀缺| 少妇被粗大猛烈的视频| 侵犯人妻中文字幕一二三四区| 欧美人与性动交α欧美精品济南到 | 日韩中文字幕视频在线看片| 国产成人一区二区在线| 国产片内射在线| av有码第一页| 国产成人免费无遮挡视频| 性高湖久久久久久久久免费观看| 欧美国产精品va在线观看不卡| 亚洲人成77777在线视频| 一二三四在线观看免费中文在| 国产成人精品无人区| a 毛片基地| 国产成人午夜福利电影在线观看| 婷婷色综合大香蕉| 成年女人在线观看亚洲视频| 91午夜精品亚洲一区二区三区| 精品99又大又爽又粗少妇毛片| 亚洲激情五月婷婷啪啪| 精品亚洲乱码少妇综合久久| 亚洲天堂av无毛| 亚洲精品中文字幕在线视频| 777米奇影视久久| 中文字幕制服av| 国产精品免费大片| 丝袜喷水一区| 日本av手机在线免费观看| av在线app专区| 多毛熟女@视频| 美女高潮到喷水免费观看| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜爱| 看十八女毛片水多多多| 亚洲欧洲精品一区二区精品久久久 | 国产黄频视频在线观看| 免费黄色在线免费观看| 91午夜精品亚洲一区二区三区| 人妻少妇偷人精品九色| 久久久精品国产亚洲av高清涩受| 黄色视频在线播放观看不卡| 久久精品久久久久久噜噜老黄| 高清在线视频一区二区三区| 成人毛片60女人毛片免费| 又黄又粗又硬又大视频| 成年人免费黄色播放视频| 黄片播放在线免费| videosex国产| 咕卡用的链子| 91aial.com中文字幕在线观看| 亚洲五月色婷婷综合| av免费在线看不卡| 涩涩av久久男人的天堂| 国产极品粉嫩免费观看在线| 久久人人97超碰香蕉20202| 亚洲天堂av无毛| h视频一区二区三区| 国产亚洲欧美精品永久| www.av在线官网国产| 在线观看美女被高潮喷水网站| 在线天堂最新版资源| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 女性生殖器流出的白浆| 国产精品免费视频内射| 欧美xxⅹ黑人| 熟妇人妻不卡中文字幕| 69精品国产乱码久久久| 成年动漫av网址| 有码 亚洲区| 夫妻性生交免费视频一级片| 精品卡一卡二卡四卡免费| 国产精品偷伦视频观看了| 婷婷成人精品国产| 99热网站在线观看| 久久国产精品男人的天堂亚洲| av网站在线播放免费| 色94色欧美一区二区| 中文字幕精品免费在线观看视频| 69精品国产乱码久久久| 亚洲国产成人一精品久久久| 日韩一卡2卡3卡4卡2021年| 99热全是精品| 成人亚洲欧美一区二区av| 中文字幕最新亚洲高清| 国产成人精品福利久久| 中国国产av一级| 亚洲国产看品久久| 成人18禁高潮啪啪吃奶动态图| 成年动漫av网址| 成年女人毛片免费观看观看9 | 国产极品粉嫩免费观看在线| 王馨瑶露胸无遮挡在线观看| 国产在线视频一区二区| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区久久| 久久精品国产亚洲av涩爱| 丰满乱子伦码专区| 国产成人精品一,二区| 电影成人av| 精品少妇黑人巨大在线播放| 这个男人来自地球电影免费观看 |