曹 江 李寶珠 周佳男
度洛西汀治療老年廣泛性焦慮障礙對(duì)照研究
曹江李寶珠周佳男
【摘要】目的評(píng)價(jià)度洛西汀治療老年廣泛性焦慮障礙(GAD)的有效性與安全性。方法將100例廣泛性焦慮障礙老年患者隨機(jī)分為51例服用度洛西汀治療組(研究組)和49例服用坦度螺酮治療組(對(duì)照組),治療4周。治療前及治療后第1、2、3、4周末采用漢密爾頓焦慮量表(HAMA)進(jìn)行療效評(píng)估,用治療中需處理的不良反應(yīng)癥狀量表(TESS)評(píng)估安全性。結(jié)果治療后第4周末研究組有效率為64.7%,對(duì)照組有效率為65.3%,兩組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組治療后第1、2、3、4周末HAMA評(píng)分與各自治療前比較均下降(P<0.01)。研究組(17.6%)總不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率與對(duì)照組(20.6%)比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論度洛西汀治療老年廣泛性焦慮障礙有效且安全。
【關(guān)鍵詞】度洛西汀老年廣泛性焦慮障礙
廣泛性焦慮障礙(Generalized Anxiety Disorder,GAD)是一種慢性的、難以控制的擔(dān)心與焦慮。是老年人群中最常見的精神障礙之一。常伴有多種軀體不適癥狀如肌肉緊張、睡眠障礙、乏力,并常合并一些軀體疾病,如關(guān)節(jié)炎與糖尿病[1,2]。嚴(yán)重影響老年人的生活質(zhì)量與社會(huì)功能。目前,國外有研究顯示度洛西汀這種雙受體(五羥色胺與去甲腎上腺素)再攝取抑制劑對(duì)較為年輕的廣泛性焦慮障礙患者有效[3],但是對(duì)年齡≥60歲老年患者的療效研究較少。鹽酸坦度螺酮是臨床上應(yīng)用較為廣泛、安全、有效的新型抗焦慮藥,本文以坦度螺酮為對(duì)照,以研究度洛西汀治療老年廣泛性焦慮障的安全性與有效性。
1.1對(duì)象以2012年10月~2014年10月在天津市安定醫(yī)院住院的GAD患者為研究對(duì)象。入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn):符合美國精神疾病診斷與統(tǒng)計(jì)手冊(cè)第4版(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth edition,DSM-Ⅳ) GAD的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);漢密爾頓焦慮量表(Hamilton Anxiety Scale,HAMA)中的焦慮癥狀評(píng)分≥17分[4];年齡≥60歲,性別不限。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):既往出現(xiàn)過精神病性癥狀或診斷為雙相情感障礙的患者;癡呆患者;嚴(yán)重自殺傾向患者;嚴(yán)重器質(zhì)性(腦、心、肝、腎)軀體疾病以致不能耐受藥物治療的患者;入組前已經(jīng)服用抗抑郁或焦慮藥物治療的患者。共入組患者110例,使用EXCEL產(chǎn)生隨機(jī)數(shù)字,按照研究組與對(duì)照組1:1進(jìn)行分組,分為度洛西汀治療組(研究組)與坦度螺酮治療組(對(duì)照組)。研究組55例,脫落4例,實(shí)際完成51例,平均年齡(67.4±5.7)歲,HAMA平均得分(21.76±4.53)分;對(duì)照組55例,脫落6例,實(shí)際完成49例,平均年齡(68.1±6.2)歲,HAMA平均得分(20.96±3.54)分。兩組年齡、性別、HAMA評(píng)分方面比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
1.2方法研究組給予60 mg度洛西汀,根據(jù)病情及患者耐受性可在4 d內(nèi)增加劑量,每日不超過120 mg[5]。對(duì)照組給予坦度螺酮,早、中、晚各5 mg,根據(jù)病情及患者耐受性可在4 d內(nèi)增加劑量,每日不超過45 mg。均治療4周。實(shí)驗(yàn)期間如患者出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重失眠,可小劑量服用短效的催眠藥物,不得使用其他精神科藥物。
1.3療效與安全性評(píng)估治療期間每周進(jìn)行HAMA評(píng)分,根據(jù)總減分率[(治療前分?jǐn)?shù)-治療后分?jǐn)?shù))/治療前分?jǐn)?shù)×100%],評(píng)定療效。評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn):減分率≥75%為痊愈,減分率50%~74%為顯著好轉(zhuǎn),減分率30%~49%為好轉(zhuǎn),減分率<30%為無效。總有效率=(痊愈例數(shù)+顯著好轉(zhuǎn)例數(shù)+好轉(zhuǎn)例數(shù))/總例數(shù)× 100%。采用治療中需處理的不良反應(yīng)癥狀量表(Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale,TESS)評(píng)定治療中出現(xiàn)的不良反應(yīng),并在治療前及治療后第4周末進(jìn)行心電圖、肝功能檢查,以評(píng)定藥物的安全性。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)方法采用SPSS17.0軟件,對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn),卡方檢驗(yàn)。所有統(tǒng)計(jì)檢驗(yàn)均采用雙側(cè)檢驗(yàn),α=0.05。
2.1兩組療效比較在完成4周治療后,研究組痊愈12例(23.5%),顯著好轉(zhuǎn)15例(29.4%),好轉(zhuǎn)6例(11.8%),無效18例(35.3%),總有效率為64.7%。對(duì)照組分別為10例(20.4%)、19例(38.8%)、3例(6.1%)、17例(34.7%),總有效率為65.3%。兩組總有效率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.04,P=0.95)。
2.2兩組治療前后HAMA評(píng)分比較兩組治療后第1、2、3、4周末HAMA評(píng)分與各自治療前比較均下降(P<0.01) ;組間比較,兩組治療前及治療后第1、2、3、4周末HAMA評(píng)分比較均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表1。
表1 兩組治療前后HAMA評(píng)分比較(±s)
注:與治療前比較,*P<0.01
時(shí)間 研究組(n=51) 對(duì)照組(n=49) t值 P值治療前21.76±4.53 20.96±3.54 0.988 0.325治療1周末 17.27±4.23* 17.92±4.31*-0.754 0.453治療2周末 13.78±4.35* 14.22±4.27*-0.510 0.611治療3周末 10.18±4.97* 11.06±4.41*-0.939 0.350治療4周末 7.12±4.53* 7.65±4.25*-0.609 0.544
2.3兩組安全性比較在為期4周的治療中,研究組共發(fā)生不良反應(yīng)9例,其中惡心3例,便秘2例,口干2例,頭暈1例,嗜睡1例,總不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為17.6%;對(duì)照組共發(fā)生11例,其中嗜睡4例,乏力2例,惡心2例,便秘1例,頭暈1例,腹脹1例,總不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為20.6%。兩組總不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.36,P=0.54),兩組各項(xiàng)不良反應(yīng)比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組患者在入組前后所檢查的心電圖與肝功能結(jié)果均未出現(xiàn)明顯異常。
本研究存在明顯不足,樣本量較小,有待進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大樣本量;此外,觀察療程較短,今后應(yīng)對(duì)藥物的長期療效和安全性做更為深入的研究。
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A control study of effect of duloxetine on elderly patients with generalized anxiety disorder.
CAO Jiang,LI Baozhu,ZHOU Jianan.
Anding Hospital of Tianjin,Tianjin 300222,China
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of duloxetine in elderly patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).Methods 100 elderly patients with GAD aged 60 years and above were randomized into study group (51 cases) treated with duloxetine and control group (49 cases) treated with tandospirone for 4 weeks.All patients were assessed with Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) at baseline and at the end of the 1st,2nd,3rd,4th week of the treatment to evaluate the efficacy and safety respectively.Results There was no significant difference in response rate at the end of the 4th week between study group and control group (64.7% vs.65.3%,P>0.05).Scores of HAMA in both group decreased significantly at the end of the 1st,2nd,3rd,4th week when compared with the baseline (P<0.01).There was no significant difference in frequency of side effects between study group and control group (17.6% vs.20.6%,P>0.05).There was no significant difference in response rate at the end of the 4th week between study group and control group (64.7% vs.65.3%,.Scores of HAMA in both group decreased significantly at the end of the 1(st),2(nd),3(rd),4(th)week when compared with the baseline (P<0.01).There was no significant difference in frequency of side effects between study group and control group (17.6% vs.20.6%,P>0.05).ConclusionDuloxetine is effective and safe in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in elderly people.
【Key words】Duloxetine Elderly Generalized anxiety disorder
(收稿日期:2015-01-10)
doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-9346.2015.03.006
【中圖分類號(hào)】R749.7+2
【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A
【文章編號(hào)】2095-9346(2015)-03-0179-03
作者單位:300222,天津市安定醫(yī)院