理性減肥：減肥應(yīng)以健康為本

On May 4， 2015， the Interpol issued a global warning in an orange alert notice that， 2.4-dinitrophenol （DNP） may lead to death. This chemical is commonly used as an ingredient of weight loss drug， and it has claimed the life of a woman from UK in 2012. With the substantial bulge of obese population and the increasing popularity of \"diet wave\"， a variety of ways to lose weight crops up. Many obese people and those who value their appearances tend to try out some diet recipes which have not been tested， resulting untold tragedies and invoking people to reflect on their choice.

In the 20th century， women in Europe wore basquines to build an upright bodice figure and a slender waist with wood， whalebone and metal strip so as to keep a graceful bearing. They tightened the belt fast so hard till their ribs showed wounds cut deep into their skin. And some even died of this practice.

Over 100 years passed， some are still crazy about it. Till now， it's common to pick out a couple of our friends who are now or about to be on a diet. Diet is not only taken as a way to cure obesity， but as a way of \"slimming and getting prettier\". If Google the word \"diet\"， numerous methods of losing weight will crop up， including \"apple diet\"， \"seven-days weight loss soup\"， \"Slimnastics taught by Jung Da Yeon\" ， \"Enzymes from Japan\"， \"diet tea\"， \"liposuction surgery\" and so on. Crazy slogans like \"non-toxic and no side effect\"， \"dumping 10 kilograms in a week\" trick people into believing that losing weight is a piece of cake， but is it true？

2015年5月4日國際刑警組織發(fā)出全球性橙色警告，稱2.4-二硝基苯酚（簡稱DNP）可致人死亡。該化學(xué)成分常用于制作減肥藥物，曾在2012年致使一名英國女性服用死亡。隨著肥胖人群在全球范圍內(nèi)的大幅增加和“瘦身風(fēng)尚”的愈演愈烈，五花八門的減肥方式也相繼出現(xiàn)。肥胖人士和“愛美”一族往往盲目嘗試未經(jīng)科學(xué)驗(yàn)證的減肥方法，由此發(fā)生了無數(shù)悲劇，而這也使人們不得不重拾理性，反思減肥的前因后果。

十九世紀(jì)的歐洲女性為了優(yōu)雅的姿態(tài)都會(huì)穿上束腰內(nèi)衣，以木板、鯨骨和金屬條的壓迫來塑造挺直的上身曲線和纖瘦的細(xì)腰。為了苗條，女人們綁緊勒帶，緊緊箍扎，直到兩肋出現(xiàn)深入肌膚的傷口。許多人甚至因此喪命。

一個(gè)多世紀(jì)過去了，人們依然瘋狂。如今，幾乎每個(gè)人都可以在身邊找到三五個(gè)意欲減肥或正在減肥的朋友。減肥不僅作為一種應(yīng)對(duì)肥胖癥的治療手段，更成為了一股瘦身愛美的風(fēng)潮。在網(wǎng)頁中搜索“減肥”一詞，“蘋果減肥法”、“七日瘦身湯”、“鄭多燕減肥操”、“日本酵素”、“減肥茶”、“吸脂手術(shù)”……成千上萬的方法令人眼花繚亂。各種“無毒無副作用”“一周甩10斤”等瘋狂的標(biāo)語使人恍惚以為減肥是如此輕松的一件事。然而，減肥真的那么簡單嗎？

Diet pill， also pesticide

既是減肥藥，也是殺蟲劑

Compared with losing weight by diet or exercise which requires great will power， losing weight only by taking several tablets makes the whole thing easy and convenient， which has become the top choice for those are busy or weak-willed but also want to lose several pounds. However， the result is unconceivable if the tablets which enter into our intestines and melt into our blood contains poisonous chemical ingredients.

On September 24， 2012， 23-year-old Sarah Huston， a student of Medical school of University of Leeds， UK， was found died in her own room. Huston had taken prescription antidepressant drug and several diet tablets which she bought from a retailer in Spain. The test result on April 22， 2013 proved that Huston was died of 2.4-dinitrophenol， DNP， an ingredient of the diet pill.

It's not the first death caused by DNP. Since 2008， five people are died of taking diet pills containing DNP only in UK and a French guy was seriously ill after ingesting it. A research by Medical Toxicology Journal showed that， worldwide 62 people are died of DNP. As a matter of fact， early in 1930s， DNP had been all the rage due to its effect of accelerating metabolism. However， its side effect， ranging from dizziness， nausea， rising temperature and disordered heart rate， which led to many deaths， had been noticed by US State Food and Drug Administration， and the latter had issued a ban on it. The shocking fact is that， there was never a legal clinical test report on DNP， that is to say， the pill which were taken by so many is hardly rated as a medicine.

比起需要強(qiáng)大意志力的節(jié)食或運(yùn)動(dòng)減肥法，只需按時(shí)服用幾粒小小的藥片即可瘦身的減肥藥顯得如此輕松便利，它也因此成為了許多工作繁忙或意志薄弱的減肥人士的首選。但如果含有危害性的化學(xué)成分，小小的藥片直接進(jìn)入腸胃，融于血液后，帶來的后果卻是無法挽回的。

2012年9月24日，英國利茲大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院一名23歲的女學(xué)生薩拉·休斯頓死于自己房間。臨死前，休斯頓曾服用了處方抗抑郁藥及幾粒通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)從西班牙賣家那里買的減肥藥。2013年4月22日檢驗(yàn)報(bào)告證實(shí)休斯頓的死因正是減肥藥中的2，4-二硝基苯酚成分（2.4-dinitrophenol，DNP）。

這并不是DNP造成的第一起死亡事故。自2008年起，僅英國就先后有五人因服食含DNP的減肥藥身亡，一名法國男子服食后也仍在重病?！夺t(yī)學(xué)毒理學(xué)雜志》刊登的一份研究顯示，DNP已在全球造成62人死亡。實(shí)際上，早在上世紀(jì)30年代，DNP作為可以加速新陳代謝的減肥藥就曾風(fēng)靡一時(shí)。但輕則頭暈作嘔，重則體溫急升、心率紊亂的副作用和大量的死亡病例使美國藥監(jiān)局在1938年將其禁止。令人震驚的是，DNP從來沒有過合法的臨床試驗(yàn)報(bào)告，也就是說，被眾人當(dāng)作減肥藥服用的它甚至不能算藥品。

So what is DNP？ To put it simply， it's a kind of depressor which can be directly used in energy metabolism. The energy organism needed to be transformed into ATP in the plastosome to be directly used in vital activities after taking food， a process which DNP could interdict and lower the generation efficiency of ATP， so as to make the body decompose fat and lose weight. Nevertheless， this process which blocks energy transfer can produce a huge quantity of extra heat to sharply increase people's temperature. And a high temperature could lead to convulsion， coma， cataract and other symptoms， which is very dangerous. Meanwhile， DNP is also applied into manufacturing of pesticide due to its effect of depressing， and it was even used as an ingredient of detonator during World War I.

Now although governments has stipulated that DNP can only be used in the chemical industries or research area and is forbidden to register as goods and sold as diet pills， many loopholes still exist. Firstly， as insectide， DNP is still easy to come by； moreover， DNP is still sold in the internet as \"the best product to lose weight\". According to The Independent Newspaper of UK， such a bottle containing 50 diet pills is sold in the internet at 85 euros， with 79 euros at discount. After the incident， UK Food Standards Agency shuffled the responsibility of ineffective management to drug administrative agency， which said however， DNP is not a medicine and no legal measures can be taken on its producers or retailers.

There are loopholes in government monitoring， and the phenomenon that people blindly taking DNP diet pills is also worth our reflection. Over recent years， many young people died of taking DNP diet pills. For example， the 18-year-old girl， Samad Aladdin， opted to use DNP for her addiction of \"slim bodybuilding\". Once allured by the outside nature of diet pills which is easy to buy and take， people tend to ignore the latent risks within.

那DNP到底是什么呢？簡單地說，它是一種抑制劑，能夠直接作用于能量代謝。人攝入食物后，有機(jī)物的能量需要在細(xì)胞的線粒體中轉(zhuǎn)化為三磷酸腺苷（ATP）的形式才能直接用于生命活動(dòng)，而DNP會(huì)阻斷這一轉(zhuǎn)化活動(dòng)，降低ATP的生成效率，從而促使身體分解脂肪供能，達(dá)到減肥的目的。但是，這種阻斷能量轉(zhuǎn)化的過程會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的額外熱量，導(dǎo)致人的體溫急升，而高體溫又可能引起抽搐、昏迷、白內(nèi)障等癥狀，十分危險(xiǎn)。同時(shí)，利用這種抑制作用，DNP也常用于殺蟲劑的制作，它甚至在一戰(zhàn)期間還是炸藥的原料之一。

現(xiàn)在，雖然各國政府規(guī)定DNP只能用于化工產(chǎn)業(yè)和科研領(lǐng)域，禁止進(jìn)行商品注冊(cè)以及作為減肥藥發(fā)售，但監(jiān)管卻漏洞重重。一方面，作為殺蟲劑，DNP仍然能輕易買到，另一方面，通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)，DNP仍然作為“最佳減肥產(chǎn)品”得以販?zhǔn)?。?jù)英國《獨(dú)立報(bào)》稱，這樣的減肥藥在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上一瓶50粒，售價(jià)85歐元，打折后僅79歐元。而事發(fā)之后，英國食品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局將監(jiān)管不力的責(zé)任推給了藥監(jiān)機(jī)構(gòu)，藥監(jiān)機(jī)構(gòu)又表示，由于DNP不屬于藥品，因此無法對(duì)生產(chǎn)者與銷售商采取法律措施。

除了政府監(jiān)管的漏洞以外，人們盲目選擇DNP減肥藥的現(xiàn)象也值得反思。近幾年服用DNP減肥藥身亡的大多是年輕人，大部分人甚至不屬于肥胖人群，比如2013年一名18歲姑娘薩瑪?shù)隆ぐ⒗》肈NP減肥的理由就是“癡迷瘦身”。人們一旦被減肥藥輕松便捷的特點(diǎn)所吸引，往往就會(huì)忽視它蘊(yùn)含的危險(xiǎn)。

DNP is just the tip of the iceberg among the risky factors in diet pills. \"Sibutramine\" diet pill which is more familiar with Chinese people once was recalled due to its ingredient Sibutramine， which can increase the risks of catching cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Sibutramine acts on the neural center and helps lose people's weight through inhibiting appetite. Since it was approved by FDA in US， it was once popular all over the world， but its side-effects like causing endocrine dyscrasia， and heart attack， and so on killed dozens of people. In 2002， the EU launched a six-year-long control experiment SCOUT （Sibutramine Cardiovascular Outcome Trial）. There are 9，800 obese people aged above 55 and had the history of heart attack and diabetes to participate in it. The experiment showed that， those who took Sibutramine lose at most 2 to 4 kilos， but the risk of catching cardiovascular disease increased largely. The result made all governments stop the practice of producing and selling of Sibutramine. But due to its low cost and real effect on losing weight， some illegal producers still add Sibutramine in its products and make their customers more prone to health risks.

Besides， there is also fenfluramine which can cause drowsiness， depression and even heart valve disease； ephedrine which is although extracted from natural ingredients can still cause arrhythmia； diuretic which can cause kidney failure if taking for a long time…it seemed that we never try to learn these names until tragedies occur. Weight reduction with drugs is workable， but it only works on obese groups with detailed treatment plan. If your weight does not exceed the standard， and you just want to look \"thinner\"， the cost will be unimaginable. As the saying goes like， \"all drugs have some degree of toxic\"， not to mention the diet pills which has not gone through clinical trial. Losing weight with drugs should be considered rationally， the risks should be taken into consideration for the sake of healthiness and one better take it after gaining the approval of doctors or pharmacist.

DNP只是減肥藥危險(xiǎn)成分中的冰山一角。更為中國百姓熟知的“曲美”減肥藥，也一度因其含有增大心腦血管疾病患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的化學(xué)成分西布曲明（Sibutramine）而被撤回。西布曲明作用于神經(jīng)中樞，通過抑制食欲來達(dá)到減肥的目的。1997年經(jīng)美國FDA批準(zhǔn)上市風(fēng)靡全球，隨后內(nèi)分泌失調(diào)、引起心臟病發(fā)作等副作用逐漸暴露，數(shù)十人因此身亡。2002年歐盟展開了長達(dá)六年的對(duì)照實(shí)驗(yàn)SCOUT（Sibutramine Cardiovascular Outcome Trial）。該實(shí)驗(yàn)共有9800名55歲以上，有過心臟病和糖尿病史的肥胖病人參與。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，服用西布曲明者平均只多減掉2公斤到4公斤，但心血管疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大幅增加。這項(xiàng)研究使各國紛紛叫停西布曲明的生產(chǎn)與發(fā)售。但由于成本低廉且確有一定減肥效果，許多不法商家仍然在減肥產(chǎn)品中偷偷摻入西布曲明，造成嚴(yán)重的健康隱患。

除此之外還有會(huì)引起嗜睡、抑郁，甚至心臟瓣膜疾病的芬氟拉明；雖然從天然成分中提取，但仍然會(huì)導(dǎo)致心律不齊的麻黃素；長期服用導(dǎo)致腎功能衰竭的利尿劑……人們總是在悲劇發(fā)生之后才試圖了解并記住這些名字。藥物減肥的方法本身是可取的，但它是醫(yī)學(xué)上針對(duì)肥胖癥或超重者，配合詳細(xì)的治療計(jì)劃采用的治療手段。體重并未超標(biāo)，僅僅只是想“更瘦”的人服用減肥藥可能會(huì)付出未曾料想過的代價(jià)。古人云：“是藥三分毒”，何況是未經(jīng)臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)認(rèn)證的減肥藥。本著對(duì)自己的健康負(fù)責(zé)的態(tài)度，采用藥物減肥需要理性思考，慎重考慮既有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，最好經(jīng)過醫(yī)生或藥劑師的認(rèn)可再服用。

From diet to anorexia

從節(jié)食到厭食

\"Two glasses of water， 200 ml vegetable juice for breakfast， 500g buttermilk for lunch， 200ml vegetable juice for supper， and 1-2 glass of water before going to bed\" is the one of the popular diet recipes in the internet， and named as \"the Diet Therapy by Eating Buttermilk\". There are also other recipes， like \"Apple Diet\" which requires people to eat apples for three successive days， and \"Honey Diet\" which requires people only to drink honey water. They are all well received by the internet users. If to say the tragedy of diet pills is caused by the hazardous ingredient which in indiscernible for common people， then disease caused by blindly diet eating is due to the lack of reason and the wrong notion of healthiness.

A majority of diet recipes directly block the intake of staple food and meats. But The Dietary Guideline for Chinese Citizens released by Chinese Nutrition Society in 2007 stressed that， our daily food must contain the three food which provides energy including carbonhydrate， protein and fat， especially staple food of grain and potatoes which provides carbonhydrate make up for a large portion in the Balance Diet Pagoda and should be taken 250g to 400g per capita per day. 70% of the heat energy required by the vital activity of our body is provided by carbonhydrate. If we do not eat carbonhrydate for a long time， we may show haziness， drooping spirit and other symptoms of hypoglycemia. And since our brain can only be supplied by glucose for energy， insufficient of staple food will lead to memory deterioration， feebleness and other symptoms. Extreme diet recipes may help us lose weight in a very short time， it may also cause malnutrition， and stomach disease， which are chronic health problems.

When one practicing diet so hard that it become an obsession in body and mentality， it may be deteriorated into anorexia nervosa. According to a report of Daily Mail in UK on May 21， the 37-year-old actress Rachael Farrokh was caught with Anorexia nervosa because of practicing diet， and losing her weight from 113 kilos to 36 kilos， becoming \"only skin and bone\". She now suffers from difficulty in breathing and walking. The hospital did not want to take risk and she can only asked for help via videos in the internet. Yangzi Evening Paper ran a story in 2014 about a post-90 girl from Suzhou who is 169 centimeters high but with only 79 kilos. She was caught with anorexia in high school when followed the diet trend， which led her to constipation， amenorrhea， degeneration of functions and other symptoms， the medical cost as high as 400，000RMB.

“起床后兩杯水；早餐200毫升蔬菜汁；中餐500克優(yōu)酪乳；晚餐200毫升蔬菜汁；就寢前1至2杯水。”這是網(wǎng)絡(luò)上流行的減肥食譜之一，被稱為“優(yōu)酪乳減肥瘦身食療法”。還有連續(xù)三天只吃蘋果的“蘋果減肥法”，只喝蜂蜜水的“蜂蜜減肥法”，都紛紛受到網(wǎng)友追捧。如果說減肥藥的悲劇是普通人難以識(shí)別其中危險(xiǎn)的化學(xué)成分造成的，那么盲目節(jié)食導(dǎo)致的疾病就是人們?nèi)狈硇?，健康觀念錯(cuò)位的表現(xiàn)。

大多數(shù)的減肥食譜都直接杜絕了主食和肉類的攝入，但中國營養(yǎng)學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)布的《中國居民膳食指南》（2007年）強(qiáng)調(diào)，每日膳食必須合理搭配碳水化合物、蛋白質(zhì)和脂肪三大供能物質(zhì)，尤其是提供碳水化合物的谷薯類主食，在平衡膳食寶塔中占最大比重，每人每天應(yīng)攝入250克至400克。人體生命活動(dòng)所需的熱能有70%是由碳水化合物提供的，長期不吃主食會(huì)出現(xiàn)心慌，頭暈，精神萎靡等低血糖癥狀。由于大腦能量只能由葡萄糖供能，因而主食攝入不足還會(huì)導(dǎo)致記憶力下降，明顯乏力等癥狀。極端的減肥食譜或許可以讓人在短時(shí)間內(nèi)體重下降，但其造成的營養(yǎng)不良、腸胃疾病則是長久的健康問題。

當(dāng)節(jié)食變本加厲，成為一種生理和心理的強(qiáng)迫，就有可能發(fā)展成神經(jīng)性厭食癥。據(jù)英國《每日郵報(bào)》5月21日?qǐng)?bào)道，美國加利福尼亞的37歲女星蕾切爾·弗萊迪（Rachael Farrokh）因減肥患厭食癥，從113斤銳減至36斤，整個(gè)人瘦得只?！捌ぐ穷^”，呼吸困難，現(xiàn)已無法下地行走，醫(yī)院也無法承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，致使她只能發(fā)視頻向網(wǎng)友們求助。中國《揚(yáng)子晚報(bào)》曾在2014年報(bào)道過一名身高169厘米，體重卻只有79斤的90后蘇州女孩，高中時(shí)因跟風(fēng)減肥而患厭食癥，結(jié)果導(dǎo)致便秘，閉經(jīng)，身體各項(xiàng)機(jī)能退化等癥狀，家里已花費(fèi)近40萬的醫(yī)療費(fèi)。

Apart from a series of physiological symptoms， anorexia is also a mental illness. According to the statistic of American Psychiatric Association， overall the weight of the patients of anorexia is 15% less of the standard weight. The patients tend to connect body images with self values， regard fasting and diet as the proof of their efforts. Once they eat something， they feel guilty and will \"remedy\" by emetic or taking laxative. The mentality that always thinking self is too fat despite being emaciated in reality becomes a wrong spiritual disorder for self judgment.

The death rate of anorexia reaches 20%， and all governments have taken measures to rectify this trend by starting from the fashion circle. In Europe， Spain has legislation to ban models below the body mass index to walk on the Madrid Catwalks； Italy asks females walking in fashion show to provide health certificate； and the Congress of French passed a bill on April 3， ruling that the act of hiring the too skinny models by fashion companies as crimes. Noticeably， anorexia is more found among youth and teenagers， and the onset age mostly ranging from 13-25. And it's more common found among females than males， with a illness ratio of 1： 9.5. Hence， it's rather important to pay close attention to the physical and mental development of female in puberty， and scientifically guide them to build an aesthetical standard which regards natural health as beauty. Besides， scientific diet is one of the safe and effective ways to lose weight， but it does not equal to \"eating less， the better\". It means putting an end to gluttony， and adjusting the dietary structure of more meat， more sugar， but less vegetables and fruits while maintaining the nutritional balance. A scientific dietary habit is not only essential for obese people， but also constitutes a cornerstone for everybody to have a healthy and beautiful body.

除了一系列的生理病癥，厭食癥更是一種心理障礙。據(jù)美國精神協(xié)會(huì)的診斷統(tǒng)計(jì)，就總體水平而言，厭食癥患者的體重低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)人體體重的15%。厭食癥患者往往將身材形象和自我價(jià)值綁定，將減肥絕食當(dāng)作自己奮斗的證明，一旦進(jìn)食便有極深的罪惡感，接著就采取催吐或服用瀉藥的方式“挽回”。雖然已經(jīng)消瘦，但仍然覺得自己在發(fā)胖的心理已經(jīng)變成一種自我體像判斷錯(cuò)誤的精神障礙。

厭食癥的死亡率高達(dá)20%，各國政府逐漸依照相關(guān)法律法規(guī)從時(shí)尚界入手進(jìn)行整治。在歐洲，西班牙已經(jīng)立法禁止體重指數(shù)過低的模特參加馬德里時(shí)裝走秀；意大利則要求參加時(shí)裝表演的女性提供健康證明；法國國會(huì)議員4月3日通過法案，將時(shí)尚機(jī)構(gòu)聘用過瘦的模特定為犯罪。聘用者將可能面臨6個(gè)月的監(jiān)禁和75000歐元的罰款，同時(shí)規(guī)定所有宣傳厭食的行為均屬違法。值得注意的是，厭食癥多見于青少年，發(fā)病年齡多在13至25歲期間，主要罹及女性，男性與女性患病比例約為1：9.5。因此，關(guān)注青春期女性的身心發(fā)展，正確引導(dǎo)其建立以自然健康為美的審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就顯得尤為重要。另外，合理的節(jié)食的確是安全有效減肥的手段之一，但這并不意味著“吃得越少越好”，而是要杜絕暴飲暴食，在保證營養(yǎng)充足的情況下調(diào)整肉多糖多蔬果少的飲食結(jié)構(gòu)?？茖W(xué)的飲食習(xí)慣不僅對(duì)肥胖人士來說至關(guān)重要，對(duì)于每個(gè)人來說都是健康身體與美麗身材的基石。

Returnng to health

減肥應(yīng)回歸健康

Losing weight in puberty can also cause mal-development besides anoxeria； liposuction surgery can have complication； high strength exercise to lose weight fast can cause sport injury in knees and ankles， etc.. People have always fought obesity with courage and wit， but the result is always at the cost of health， not worth the candle. But this seems do not halt people's steps to join into the bandwagon of losing weight. It's shocking for the \"courage\" and \"stamina\" displayed by some people's efforts in losing weight. And one cannot help but ask that， do we really consider the goal and meaning of losing weight， amid all the heat of losing weight.

According to the data from University of Washington in 2014， about one third of the people in the world are overweight or obese. In the past 30 years， obesity in China rose sharply， with 46million obese adults and 300million overweight people. Children obesity is even worse. Obesity becomes the culprits for diabetes， high blood pressure， sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and other diseases. The casualty resulting from obesity in US reached 111，999 to 365，000. Undoubtedly， obesity is a global issue， threatening people's life. Losing weight becomes more urgent and an act of analyzing the diet and exercise type of obese group and taking the result as the basis to scientifically rectify one's lifestyle. So， the ultimate meaning of losing weight is make obese group returning to a healthy life state so as to be free from obesity diseases.

除了減肥藥和厭食癥以外，青春期減肥導(dǎo)致發(fā)育不良；吸脂手術(shù)產(chǎn)生并發(fā)癥；為了快速減肥進(jìn)行高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)導(dǎo)致膝蓋與腳踝的運(yùn)動(dòng)傷害等等，人們一直在與肥胖斗智斗勇，結(jié)果卻常常是以健康為代價(jià)，得不償失。但這似乎并沒有阻止人們前赴后繼加入減肥大軍的腳步。一些人為了減肥所展現(xiàn)出的“勇敢”和“堅(jiān)毅”令人瞠目結(jié)舌，也讓人不禁要問，在如火的減肥熱情下，人們是否真的思考過減肥的目的和意義。

據(jù)2014年美國華盛頓大學(xué)的數(shù)據(jù)，全球如今有三分之一的人超重或肥胖。過去30年里，中國的肥胖率急劇上升，導(dǎo)致4600萬成人肥胖，3億人超重，兒童肥胖率更加嚴(yán)重。肥胖往往是糖尿病、高血壓、睡眠呼吸暫停等疾病的源頭，美國每年因肥胖癥而增加的死亡人數(shù)在111999到365000之間。毫無疑問，肥胖是一個(gè)全球性的問題，威脅著人的生命。減肥也因此迫在眉睫，成為用科學(xué)方法分析肥胖者飲食與運(yùn)動(dòng)類型，以此為基礎(chǔ)，合理修正其生活方式的行為。由此可以知道，減肥最本質(zhì)的意義在于使肥胖者回歸健康的生命狀態(tài)，免受肥胖疾病的困擾。

In fact， with the aesthetics notion of \"skinniness is beauty\" popular around the world in the 21st century， many people with normal weight become the main force of losing weight. One of the reasons is that media and many companies try to build an exaggerated ideal gender image with women of slender waist and flat abdomen and men of abdominal muscle. The body image is originally regarded as a private matter， but thanks to the universality and the hype of advertisement on slim and muscular figure， people tend to take these 1 images beautified by Photoshop as the true beauty standard unwittingly. The result is the figure does not only represent figure， but one which is tied with the personality， values， social intercourse， professional development and other things， and the aim of losing weight is deviated to \"becoming more popular\" and \"gaining more opportunities\".

Of course， \"each woman is beautiful in her own way\"， every era has its unique standard for beauty and every one have a \"love for beauty\". Reasonable body management can build up confidence， but projecting one's self value totally on figure and appearances， and scarifying health for losing weight are without doubt a distorting and abnormal act. Hence， we should keep calm against the wave of the era， have a defined standard for beauty and value recognition， instead of following the bandwagon of losing weight blindly. Once we decided to lose weight， we first need to set up a correct notion of losing weight， which should be based on healthiness. We need to opt for a scientific method， integrate the habit of balanced diet and routine exercise into our daily life， and strive for a symmetrical and natural figure and a vigorous and healthy spirit.

事實(shí)上，隨著21世紀(jì)“以瘦為美”的審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)深入人心，許多正常體重范圍內(nèi)的人反而構(gòu)成了減肥的主力軍。重要的原因之一是各類媒體、商家都在著力塑造過于夸張的理想性別形象：女人們細(xì)腰平腹，高挑纖瘦；男人們八塊腹肌，強(qiáng)壯健碩。原本，身體形象是極其私人化的事情，因?yàn)槿鐣?huì)統(tǒng)一的，鋪天蓋地的纖瘦健美的形象宣傳，人們潛移默化地將這些大都經(jīng)過了美工處理的形象作為了真實(shí)的美的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這樣的后果就是身材不再只是身體形態(tài)本身，而和人格價(jià)值、社會(huì)交際、職業(yè)發(fā)展等等領(lǐng)域聯(lián)系在一起，減肥的目的已經(jīng)從健康偏置到“更受歡迎”“獲得更多機(jī)會(huì)”上。

當(dāng)然，“環(huán)肥燕瘦”，每個(gè)時(shí)代都有獨(dú)特的審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，人人皆有愛美之心。適當(dāng)?shù)纳聿墓芾碛兄谠黾幼孕?，但將自我價(jià)值全部投射在身材與樣貌上，為了減肥不惜犧牲健康，毫無疑問是扭曲而畸形的行為。因此，人們應(yīng)在時(shí)代潮流中保持清醒的自我意識(shí)，明確自我的審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和價(jià)值認(rèn)知，不要盲目跟風(fēng)減肥。即便決定減肥，也要首先樹立正確的減肥觀念：減肥應(yīng)以健康為本。選擇科學(xué)合理的減肥方法，將平衡膳食與固定運(yùn)動(dòng)的習(xí)慣融于日常生活，向著勻稱、自然的身材和飽滿、健康的精神狀態(tài)不斷努力。