對(duì)無(wú)良父母，法律有說(shuō)法

For unscrupulous parents， "law has something to say

The supreme law has defined “illegal profits”

最高法已界定“非法獲利”

In March， 2010， the Opinions about Punishing Crimes Trafficking of Women and Children in Accordance with the Law came out. Before the stipulation in the Criminal Law for parents selling their own children for illegal profits is vague， and this time the supreme law for the first time clearly defined it as child trafficking crime. For people who selling own children， the public security department should confiscate the illegal income and impose a fine; the actions of selling children under the age of 14 for profits， trafficking children in the name of adoption and selling picking up children， if serious， shall all be given criminal sanctions as child trafficking crime.

2010年3月，《關(guān)于依法懲治拐賣(mài)婦女兒童犯罪的意見(jiàn)》出臺(tái)，此前刑法在親生父母以非法獲利為目的出賣(mài)子女的行為規(guī)定比較模糊，這是最高法首次明確親生父母販賣(mài)子女以拐賣(mài)兒童罪論處。“出賣(mài)親生子女的，由公安機(jī)關(guān)依法沒(méi)收非法所得，并處以罰款;以營(yíng)利為目的的，出賣(mài)不滿十四周歲子女，情節(jié)惡劣的，借收養(yǎng)名義拐賣(mài)兒童的，以及出賣(mài)拾撿兒童的，均應(yīng)以拐賣(mài)兒童罪追究刑事責(zé)任。”

For the definition of “illegal profits”， the deputy chief judge of first criminal court of the supreme law Xue Shulan said， actions like treating fertility as a means of illegal profits and selling children just after birth; “giving” children to others for money by knowing the disability of raising or caring not about it; for money that obviously not belongs to “appreciation fee” or “nutrient fee” and “giving” children to others are all can be defined as illegal profits.

As long as it is defined， then according to the 240th stipulation of the Criminal Law， people who trafficking women or children shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of more than five years and not more than ten years and also be fined; if more than three women or children or stealing children for selling， shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of more than ten years or life imprisonment and also be fined or confiscated of property; if the circumstances are especially serious， shall be sentenced to death.

對(duì)于“非法獲利”的認(rèn)定，最高法刑一庭副庭長(zhǎng)薛淑蘭稱(chēng)，將生育作為非法獲利手段，生育后即出賣(mài)子女的;明知對(duì)方不具有撫養(yǎng)目的，或者根本不考慮對(duì)方是否具有撫養(yǎng)目的，為收取錢(qián)財(cái)將子女“送”給他人的;為收取明顯不屬于“感謝費(fèi)”、“營(yíng)養(yǎng)費(fèi)”的錢(qián)財(cái)將子女“送”給他人的行為，都可以認(rèn)定為非法獲利。

一旦認(rèn)定有非法獲利，那么根據(jù)《刑法》240條的規(guī)定，拐賣(mài)婦女、兒童的，處五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并處罰金;拐賣(mài)婦女、兒童三人以上的;以出賣(mài)為目的，偷盜嬰幼兒的，處十年以上有期徒刑或者無(wú)期徒刑，并處罰金或者沒(méi)收財(cái)產(chǎn);情節(jié)特別嚴(yán)重的，處死刑。

Private adoption can avoid criminal penalties

私自認(rèn)養(yǎng)可不追究刑責(zé)

Xue Shulan said， the supreme law and legal department made investigation on the realistic situation of parents selling their own children. They found that， some family would for the education reason give their children to others introduce by acquaintances or after investigation when come across huge changes or economic problems. The adopters would give the parents some appreciation fee， which cannot be regarded as illegal profits， but belongs to private adoption. This can avoid criminal penalties. But if the parents don’t consider the situation of adopters and lead harms on children both physically and mentally， the judicial organs will judge them according to the crime of abandonment.

薛淑蘭說(shuō)，最高法會(huì)同司法部門(mén)專(zhuān)門(mén)對(duì)親生父母出賣(mài)子女的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況進(jìn)行了調(diào)研。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些家庭在遭遇重大變故或者經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)困難，為了孩子的教育考慮，通過(guò)熟人送給收養(yǎng)者撫養(yǎng)，送養(yǎng)者也提前了解了收養(yǎng)者的情況。收養(yǎng)者為了感謝送養(yǎng)方，給送養(yǎng)者一定的感謝費(fèi)，這種行為不能認(rèn)定為父母非法獲利，屬于私自認(rèn)養(yǎng)，這種行為不追究刑責(zé)。但是如果送養(yǎng)者不考慮收養(yǎng)者情況，導(dǎo)致孩子身心受到損害，司法機(jī)關(guān)將按遺棄罪論處。

For this， the Work Symposium Summary of National Court Criminal Trial Maintaining Rural Stability said that： it shall make a difference between cases of selling relatives. For actions for seeking for profits to “adopting children”， it shall be disposed as child trafficking crime; for those because of life difficulties or preferring boys than girls， it can be disposed as no crime; for those with serious consequences， it can be punished as offence of abandonment.

對(duì)此，《全國(guó)法院維護(hù)農(nóng)村穩(wěn)定刑事審判工作座談會(huì)紀(jì)要》中闡述：對(duì)于買(mǎi)賣(mài)至親的案件，要區(qū)別對(duì)待。以販賣(mài)牟利為目的“收養(yǎng)子女”的，應(yīng)以拐賣(mài)兒童罪處理;對(duì)那些迫于生活困難，受重男輕女思想影響而出賣(mài)親生子女或收養(yǎng)子女的，可不作為犯罪處理;對(duì)于出賣(mài)子女確屬惡劣的，可按遺棄罪處罰。