Euthanasia, the Unbearable Lightness of Being

“I consider life is precious， and hope to enjoy as much joy of life as possible， but I am not able to make it now， so I prefer to die decently.”

__ Mrs. Bence， an Australian woman who got bladder cancer at 59

“我認(rèn)為生命非常寶貴，我也希望能夠盡可能地享受生活的樂趣，但是我現(xiàn)在不能這樣做了，我寧愿死得體面一點(diǎn)?！?/p>

——患有膀胱癌的59歲澳大利亞婦女本斯太太

Finally， Mrs. Bence had euthanasia with the help of doctors.

本斯太太最終在醫(yī)生的協(xié)助下安樂死。

But actually， the question whether euthanasia is legal or not， whether people have the right to choose to depart with dignity has been debatable for a long time.

Is euthanasia the relief of pain or the loophole of ethics? That is a question.

When life becomes unbearable， to be or not to be? That is also a question.

然而事實(shí)上，協(xié)助安樂死是否合法，人是否有權(quán)自己選擇有尊嚴(yán)的離去，長期以來存在著極大爭議。

安樂死到底是痛苦的解脫還是人倫的漏洞？這是個(gè)問題。

當(dāng)生命變得無法再被承受之時(shí)，生存還是死亡，這也是個(gè)問題。

New policy unveils under great pressure

重壓之下，新政策出臺(tái)

In Europe and even the whole world， the legalization of \"euthanasia\" has been a debatable topic all the time. Recent years， in Canada， a significant rise in the public opinion which supports euthanasia appears. According to the reports of French media， on February 6， 2015 local time， nine justices of Supreme Court of Canada judged unanimously that， the current sections of the bill which prohibits euthanasia infringe upon human rights， and those sane adults who suffer from incurable diseases have the right to accept the \"physician-assisted dying\"， so as to overthrow The Claim of Sue Rodriguez， which has been enforceable for 22 years. However， the new act will not be implemented immediately as the Supreme Court of Canada gave the Federal Parliament one year to enact relevant regulations.

Euthanasia has been debated for a long time in Canada. It not only bothers the judicial and religious circles of Canada， but also causes extensive debates among the public and the government， since the current law of Canada stipulates that， helping others commit suicide belongs to a criminal offence， resulting in more and more Canadians who get incurable diseases turn to other European countries which permit euthanasia to seek for \"Departure with dignity\" recent years.

According to the statistics of Canadian Medical Association， in the past 3 years， the number of Canadians who call on the problem of hospice care increased significantly， they say that they do not want to die in pain， and 85% of Canadians are for the opinion that people should enjoy the right to accept euthanasia.

在歐洲乃至全球范圍內(nèi)，“安樂死”合法化一直是個(gè)爭論不休的話題。近年來在加拿大，支持安樂死的民意顯著上升。據(jù)法國媒體報(bào)道，當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間2015年2月6日，加拿大聯(lián)邦最高法院九名大法官一致裁定，現(xiàn)行的禁止安樂死法案侵犯人權(quán)，那些患有不治之癥且神志清醒的成年人有權(quán)接受“醫(yī)生協(xié)助自殺”，從而推翻了延續(xù)22年的羅德里格斯法例（the claim of Sue Rodriguez）。不過，新法案不會(huì)即刻施行，加拿大最高法院給予聯(lián)邦議會(huì)一年的時(shí)間制定相關(guān)新規(guī)。

安樂死是加拿大爭議已久的問題，不但困擾著加拿大司法界和宗教界，更在加民眾與政府之間引起了廣泛的辯論，因?yàn)榧幽么蟋F(xiàn)行法律規(guī)定，任何人幫助別人自殺都屬于刑事犯罪，從而導(dǎo)致近些年來，越來越多得了絕癥的加拿大人前往歐洲其他允許安樂死國家，尋求“有尊嚴(yán)的離去”。

根據(jù)加拿大醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)告顯示，近3年來，呼吁關(guān)注臨終關(guān)懷問題的加拿大人大幅增加，他們表示不希望在痛苦中死去，85%的加拿大人支持人們應(yīng)當(dāng)享有安樂死權(quán)。

On June 5， 2014， Provincial Parliament of Quebec Canada adopted the argumentative Act No.52， which was about hospice care with a vote of 94 to 22. The Act allows patients who are \"terminally ill， and suffering from unbearable suffering pain” to turn to physicians for help to end their own life.

But at that time， the Federal Parliament indicated that the act of euthanasia of Provinces of Quebec violated the criminal law of Canada， and the new act will probably be challenged in the court.

The Canadian Medical Association held the annual meeting in 2014 August， having a hot argument about the issue of euthanasia and finally decided to vote whether to amend the current law. It turned out more than 90% of the doctors voted pros.

2014年6月5日，加拿大魁北克省議會(huì)以94票對(duì)22票，通過有爭議的法案——關(guān)于臨終生命關(guān)懷的52號(hào)法案。該法案允許“患有不治之癥，病入膏肓，難忍病魔煎熬的病人，向醫(yī)生求助，結(jié)束自己的生命”。

然而當(dāng)時(shí)，聯(lián)邦政府暗示，魁北克省的安樂死法案違背了加拿大刑法，可能將上法庭挑戰(zhàn)這項(xiàng)新法令。

2014年8月，加拿大醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)召開年會(huì)，激辯安樂死問題，最后以投票的方式表決是否支持修改現(xiàn)有的法規(guī)，結(jié)果顯示逾90％的醫(yī)生投贊成票。

The pioneers

那些先行者

Is euthanasia the relief of pain or the loophole of ethics? Let’s first get to know which countries in the world have permitted the legalization of euthanasia.

安樂死到底是痛苦的解脫，還是人倫的漏洞？不妨先了解下世界上允許安樂死合法化的國家都有哪些。

The Netherlands: the first country to have legislation of euthanasia

荷蘭：世界上第一個(gè)給安樂死

立法的國家

The Parliament of the Netherlands adopted the Euthanasia Bill on November 29， 2001， and it came into effect from April 1， 2002. At that time， the history of “illegal” euthanasia was ended after almost 30 years， and euthanasia began to have \"legal identity\". The Netherlands became the first country in the world to have legislation of euthanasia.

Legalized in the Netherlands， not all the requests for euthanasia will be permitted. For euthanasia， the laws of the Netherlands stipulate and it should be on the following seven conditions:

荷蘭議會(huì)于2001年11月29日通過安樂死法令，并從2002年4月1日起正式生效。安樂死從此在荷蘭結(jié)束了近30年的“不合法”歷史，開始擁有“合法身份”，荷蘭由此成為世界上第一個(gè)給安樂死立法的國家。

安樂死雖然在荷蘭得以合法化，但并不意味著所有的安樂死請求都會(huì)獲得批準(zhǔn)。對(duì)于安樂死，荷蘭的法律進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定，必須滿足以下所有七個(gè)條件：

The patients themselves have \"thought twice\" before applying for the implementation of euthanasia; there is no hope that the patient's condition will turn better and the patient is tolerating the \"unbearable\" torture of the disease; the disease and its development situation has been reliably informed to the patient; consultation has been given to the patient and conclusion has been drawn that euthanasia is the only solution for patient to relieved; the physician who takes care of the patient write down his/her opinion on the above mentioned 4 conditions; the support of another \"independent\" physician is got; the proceed of euthanasia on the patient is in accordance with the regulated procedures.

According to the regulations of the Netherlands， all of the above-mentioned conditions are only for adult patients， and for minor patients， there is an additional condition: minor patients from 16 to 18 year old should make the decision together with their parents after having a discussion， while those from 12 to 16 year old， must obey the decision of their parents or guardians.

由患者本人“深思熟慮”后提出實(shí)施安樂死申請；確認(rèn)患者病情根本無望好轉(zhuǎn)且病人在經(jīng)受病魔“令人無法忍受”的折磨；向患者如實(shí)通報(bào)其病情及以后的發(fā)展情況；與患者協(xié)商并得出結(jié)論，認(rèn)為安樂死是唯一的解脫辦法；一直看護(hù)患者的醫(yī)生就上述4條寫出書面意見；征得另一位“獨(dú)立”醫(yī)生的支持；對(duì)病人實(shí)施規(guī)定的安樂死程序。

荷蘭規(guī)定，所有上述條件僅是對(duì)成年患者而言，對(duì)未成年的患者，需要有附加條件：16到18歲的未成年患者可以在同家長商討后一同作出決定。而12至16歲的青少年，必須由家長或監(jiān)護(hù)人作出決定。

Belgium: the second country to have legislation of euthanasia

比利時(shí)：世界上第二個(gè)給

安樂死立法的國家

The House of Representatives of Belgian Parliament permitted a bill on May 16， 2002， allowing physicians to give euthanize to patients in special circumstances， becoming the second country to have legalized euthanasia， following the Netherlands. According to the bill， the premise of euthanasia is that the situation of the patients cannot turn better and they are suffering from a \"sustained and unbearable physical and psychological pain\". The condition of implementing euthanasia is that the \"sane and adult\" patients should propose it after considering for many times without external pressure. The bill also stipulates that， the patients have the right to choose to use analgesics for treatment， to avoid some poor or helpless patients choose to die due to being unable to afford the cost of treatment.

比利時(shí)議會(huì)眾議院于2002年5月16日通過一項(xiàng)法案，允許醫(yī)生在特殊情況下對(duì)病人實(shí)行安樂死，從而成為繼荷蘭之后第二個(gè)使安樂死合法化的國家。按照該法案，實(shí)施安樂死的前提是病人的病情已經(jīng)無法挽回，他們遭受著“持續(xù)的和難以忍受的生理和心理痛苦”。實(shí)施安樂死的要求必須是由“成年和意識(shí)正?！钡牟∪嗽跊]有外界壓力的情況下經(jīng)過深思熟慮后自己提出來的。法案同時(shí)規(guī)定，病人有權(quán)選擇使用止痛藥進(jìn)行治療，以免貧困或無依無靠的病人因?yàn)闊o力負(fù)擔(dān)治療費(fèi)用而尋死。

Australia: euthanasia was once legal and then abolished

澳大利亞：安樂死曾經(jīng)合法，

但又被推翻

On June 16， 1995， the parliament of Australia for the Northern Territory adopted the world's first Euthanasia Bill， permitting the euthanasia on special conditions. Despite the opposition of local medical association， the bill came into effect officially on July 1， 1996. Started from the north， similar bills got spread to other provinces. However， after 9 months， the Australian Senate announced the abolition of the Euthanasia Bill， euthanasia became illegal in Australia again.

1995年6月16日，澳大利亞北部地區(qū)議會(huì)通過世界上第一個(gè)“安樂死法”，批準(zhǔn)實(shí)行符合特定條件的安樂死。盡管遭到當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)學(xué)會(huì)的反對(duì)，這項(xiàng)法律還是在1996年7月1日正式生效。從北部地方開始，類似法案被傳播到其他省份。不過9個(gè)月后，澳大利亞參議院宣布廢除“安樂死法”，安樂死在澳大利亞重新成為非法行為。

Switzerland: euthanasia is legal

in certain cities

瑞士：安樂死在個(gè)別城市合法

Switzerland prohibits active， direct euthanasia. However， on October 26， 2000， the city hall of Zurich， Switzerland decided that since January 1， 2001， \"euthanasia\" was allowed to be as assistant for the old people in the nursing homes who chose to end their life. This provision involved just the 23 nursing homes in Zurich.

瑞士禁止積極、直接的安樂死。不過，2000年10月26日，瑞士蘇黎世市政府通過決定，自2001年1月1日起允許為養(yǎng)老院中選擇以“安樂死”方式自行結(jié)束生命的老人提供協(xié)助。這一規(guī)定本身所涉及的只是蘇黎世的23家養(yǎng)老院。

The U.S.: the federal government does not entirely approve euthanasia，

but some states do

美國：聯(lián)邦政府不完全認(rèn)同安樂死，但部分州認(rèn)同

On October 27， 1999， the House of Representatives of the U.S. adopt laws， authorizing law-enforcement personnel of drug control to crack down on the physicians who use the anesthetics controlled by the federal government on the purpose of helping patients seek for death. But on January 17， 2006， the Federal Supreme Court verdict with a vote of 6 to 3， supporting the law of Oregon in 1994 which allowed physicians to provide assistance for dying.

In the second half of February 2002， the House of Representatives of Hawaii permitted that sane patients who are at the late stage of their disease could as the physicians to prescribe and have lethal dose of drugs， but euthanasia through injections or completed with the help of others was prohibited.

1999年10月27日，美國眾議院通過法例，授權(quán)藥物管制的執(zhí)法人員嚴(yán)厲打擊有目的地使用受聯(lián)邦政府管制的麻醉藥以幫助病人死亡的醫(yī)生。但2006年1月17日，聯(lián)邦最高法院以6對(duì)3票裁決，支持俄勒岡州1994年通過的準(zhǔn)許醫(yī)生協(xié)助自殺的州法。

2002年2月下旬，夏威夷州眾議院允許神志清醒的晚期病人要求醫(yī)生開具處方，口服致命藥劑死亡，但禁止使用注射或其他在他人幫助下完成的安樂死。

The debate over legalization of euthanasia intensifies

安樂死合法化之爭加劇

Being in the Twenty-first Century， the legislation of euthanasia has had breakthrough in countries such as the Netherlands， but in Britain it has not been \"legalized\". According to the report of Daily Mail of Britain， the latest official figures show that the number of psychiatric patients who choose euthanasia tripled in a year. In 2013， 42 people of the Netherlands died with injection due to \"serious mental problems\"， while in 2012 and 2011 the number was only 14 and 13 respectively. The data also shows that last year， the total number of people who had euthanasia in the Netherlands soared by 15%， from 4188 cases in 2012 rose to 4829 cases in 2013. According to relevant researches， if terminal sedation is taken into account， the number of euthanasia is accounted for 12.3% of total deaths.

In regard to it， some experts say that the number of people who have euthanasia in the Netherlands is rising year by year and the standards of implement of euthanasia has expanded， which shows that the legalization of euthanasia will only lead to the situation of euthanasia out of control.

進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)，安樂死立法在荷蘭等國取得了突破性進(jìn)展，但在英國至今沒有“合法化”。根據(jù)英國《每日郵報(bào)》報(bào)道稱，最新的官方數(shù)據(jù)顯示，荷蘭選擇安樂死的精神病患者在一年中增加了兩倍。2013年，荷蘭共有42人因“嚴(yán)重精神問題”被執(zhí)行注射死，而2012年和2011年分別只有14人和13人。數(shù)據(jù)還顯示，去年荷蘭安樂死的總?cè)藬?shù)激增15%，從2012年的4，188例上升到2013年的4，829人。據(jù)相關(guān)研究表明，如果將終端鎮(zhèn)靜考慮在內(nèi)，荷蘭安樂死的人數(shù)已占到總死亡人數(shù)的12.3%。

對(duì)此，有專家稱，荷蘭安樂死的人數(shù)逐年上升和執(zhí)行安樂死的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)擴(kuò)大表明，安樂死合法化只會(huì)導(dǎo)致安樂死形勢失控。

Peter Saunders of Christian Medical Fellowship of Britain said that \"Euthanasia is out of control in the Netherlands. What we see in the Netherlands is the 'incremental expansion'， namely the steady increase in the number of euthanasia， and the gradually expanded scope of patients involved in euthanasia.\" He said， the situation of Oregon of the U.S.， Switzerland and Belgium is similar to that of the Netherlands. The number of people who have assisted dying and euthanasia rises. \"The lessons are clear. Once the legal regulation of euthanasia or assisted dying looses， the situation will continue to deteriorate. We should learn from it before discussing the Falconer Bill.

Falconer Bill is the assisted dying bill proposed by British Lord Falconer. It received two readings in July， and will enter the reviewing stage of the stage in November after the Parliament reconvenes. The “Dignity in Dying” organizations which support the bill insist that the bill is based on the assisted dying mode of the U.S.， and that the mode has been implemented safely for 17 years in the U.S.， and the dead were never beyond the condition of being terminally ill.

英國基督教醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)的彼得·桑德斯稱，“安樂死在荷蘭已經(jīng)失控。我們所看到的荷蘭的情況是‘增量擴(kuò)張’，即安樂死人數(shù)穩(wěn)步增加，涉安樂死的病患范圍逐步擴(kuò)大。”他說，美國的俄勒岡州、瑞士和比利時(shí)的情形與荷蘭相似，協(xié)助自殺和安樂死的人數(shù)在上升?！敖逃?xùn)是清晰的。一旦放松對(duì)安樂死或協(xié)助自殺的法律管制，情況就會(huì)不斷惡化。在繼續(xù)討論《福爾克納法案》時(shí)應(yīng)吸取這些教訓(xùn)?！?/p>

《福爾克納法案》是英國福爾克納勛爵提出的協(xié)助自殺法案，該法案7月份接受了二讀，議會(huì)復(fù)會(huì)后將于11月進(jìn)入委員會(huì)審議階段。支持法案的“有尊嚴(yán)的死亡”（Dignity in Dying）組織堅(jiān)稱該法案系基于美國的協(xié)助自殺模式，并表示美國模式安全實(shí)施了17年，死者從未超出絕癥條件的范圍。

In fact， as to whether euthanasia and death with dignity (natural death due to giving up medical measures to prolong life) should be legalized， Japan also has arguments.

In 2013， in the national public opinion survey of Yomiuri Shimbun of Japan， 81% of the people said that they “held no hope” for the medical measures that prolonged life in the dying period. Moreover， the physicians who were responsible for the treatment of the patients with physicians also held the same attitude. In 2012， Japan set up an information website called \"Care net\" specifically for medical workers. It conducted a survey and the results showed that 70.8% of physicians \"wanted to end life-prolonging medical measures\".

It was also in 2012 that Member of Parliament of Non-partisan Alliance of Japan came up with the Death with Dignity Bill， which proposed \"the physician can respect the will of the patients in dying period and give up life-prolonged medical measures\". However， The bill， which was supposed to be listed as one item to be reviewed in the regular session of the National Diet of Japan in 2004 was stalled.

實(shí)際上，關(guān)于安樂死和尊嚴(yán)死(放棄延命醫(yī)療措施而導(dǎo)致的自然死亡)是否應(yīng)當(dāng)合法化的問題，在日本國內(nèi)也早有爭論。

2013年，在日本《讀賣新聞》實(shí)施的全國輿論調(diào)查中，有81%的人表示對(duì)彌留期延命醫(yī)療措施“不抱希望”。不僅如此，擔(dān)任患者治療的醫(yī)師們對(duì)此也持相同態(tài)度。2012年，日本專門面向醫(yī)療工作者開設(shè)的信息網(wǎng)站“Care net”曾以醫(yī)師為對(duì)象開展了一次調(diào)查，調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示70.8%的醫(yī)師“希望終止延命醫(yī)療措施”。

同樣是2012年，日本超黨派議員聯(lián)盟擬定了“尊嚴(yán)死法案”，該法案提出“醫(yī)師可尊重彌留期患者意愿放棄延命醫(yī)療措施”。然而，原本預(yù)定于2014年列入日本國會(huì)常會(huì)審議項(xiàng)目中的該項(xiàng)法案卻遭到了擱置。

Euthanasia in China

安樂死在中國

A topic which is not new

一個(gè)并不陌生的話題

After the reform and opening up， the concept of euthanasia was spread to China， and soon become a hot topic with common concern. According to the investigation of the reporter， from 1992， in the annual National People's Congress， the proposal group will get proposals about euthanasia， requesting that China should make euthanasia legalized. Euthanasia is not a new topic in China.

In fact， although euthanasia is not legalized in China， there are many cases of “euthanasia”.

改革開放以后，安樂死的觀念傳入中國，并很快成為人們普遍關(guān)注的熱門話題。據(jù)記者調(diào)查，從1992年起，在每年的全國人民代表大會(huì)上，提案組都會(huì)收到有關(guān)安樂死的提案，要求中國立法，使安樂死合法化。安樂死，在中國并不是一個(gè)陌生的話題。

事實(shí)上，雖然安樂死在中國沒有合法化，但是“安樂死”的事例并不少見。

In 2010， Chongqing， an eighty-year-old senior citizen have been paralyzed in bed for a long time， she did not want to become the burden of the family and sought for death; a seventy-year old senior citizen next door sympathized with her and purchased some poison for her as she requested. The paralyzed lady died after the invalid rescue. Mr. Song， who helped others commit suicide committed intentional homicide and was sentenced 3 years imprisonment， suspended for 4 years in the first trial of Chongqing Kaixian People’s Court. After the trial， Song did not appeal.

On November 2， 2011， Chen Hong， a filial son in Chongqing， put a bottle of dichlorvos on the nightstand of his terminally ill mother with her repeated requests in that he did not want to see her suffer. At that night， his mother drank it...... Then， Chen Hong was detained on suspicion of intentional homicide. On the day of trial， Chen Hong submitted a proof to the court. All his neighbors petitioned， hoping the court to give him a light sentence. However， although the cause was that Chen Hong did not want to see his mother suffer， his behavior was to help others commit suicide， which deprived the life others indirectly and deliberately. The court of Pengshui verdict Chen Hong of intentional homicide， and sentenced him 3 years’ imprisonment.

2010年，重慶一位八旬老人由于長期癱瘓?jiān)诖?，又不想拖累家人，只求一死了之；隔壁一位七旬老翁深表同情，并按照?duì)方的要求幫她購買了毒藥，癱瘓老人服毒后經(jīng)搶救無效身亡。幫助他人自殺的被告人宋某因犯故意殺人罪一審被重慶市開縣法院判處有期徒刑3年，緩刑4年。一審宣判后，宋某沒有上訴。

2011年11月2日，重慶孝子陳洪不愿見母親忍受重病帶來的痛苦，在母親的再三請求下，他將一瓶“敵敵畏”放在其母的床頭柜上，那一夜，母親將它喝了下去……隨后，陳洪因涉嫌故意殺人罪被刑拘。庭審那天，陳洪向法院遞交了一份證明，鄰居們集體為他請?jiān)?，希望法院能從輕處罰。然而，雖然陳洪是不忍看母親繼續(xù)遭受病痛的折磨而實(shí)施的行為，但由于該行為是幫助他人自殺，間接故意地剝奪了他人的生命。彭水縣法院依法一審判決陳洪犯故意殺人罪，判處其有期徒刑3年。

In 2011， in Longnan， Jiangxi， Zhong Yichun， a 70-year-old farmer \"buried alive\" his friend Zeng Qingxiang， as a way to help her， who was suffering from diseases to have \"euthanasia\"， and therefore was sentenced two years' imprisonment due to causing a death by negligence.

In December of 2012， Jia Zhengwu， a man of Gansu helped his wife， who was seriously ill and painful to commit suicide， and was sentenced five years imprisonment by the Lanzhou Intermediate People's Court in the first trial due to intentional homicide.

...

2011年，江西龍南縣70歲的農(nóng)民鐘義純用“活埋”的方式幫助受疾病折磨的好友曾慶香“安樂死”，并因此以過失致人死亡罪，被法院判處有期徒刑二年。

2012年12月，甘肅籍男子賈正武因幫助身患重病、痛苦不堪的妻子自殺，被蘭州市中級(jí)人民法院一審以故意殺人罪判處有期徒刑五年。

……

In China， the debate about “euthanasia” has never stopped. Xinhua net once published an article on this issue entitled “Death with Dignity” Still Faces Laws and Morality Dilemma in China， to discuss the current situation of legislation of euthanasia in China.

When life becomes unbearable， to be or not to be? That is a question.

在中國，關(guān)于“安樂死”的爭議從來就沒有停止過。新華網(wǎng)曾就此問題發(fā)表文章《“尊嚴(yán)死亡”在中國仍面臨法律和道德困境》，以國內(nèi)案例探討安樂死在中國的法制現(xiàn)狀。

當(dāng)生命變得難以承受之時(shí)，生存還是死亡，這是個(gè)問題。

No longer a monster

不再是“洪水猛獸”

Although the law of China does not admit the legitimation of euthanasia， laws are to safeguard the rights of citizens. Xu Jinghe， Doctor of Law of Peking University argues， The Constitution stipulates that the personal freedom and personal dignity of citizens is inviolable， which has a special meaning. Individual citizens have the right to choose the way of life， but also have the right to choose the way of death under special circumstances. \"Euthanasia\" is a kind of in a special circumstances， a special way to dispose life taken on the condition that the interests of the country， society， and others are not violated， the disposition has strict conditions and procedures.

The relevant departments have had investigations in Beijing， Shanghai， Hebei and Guangdong， and the proportion of people who agree with euthanasia is high.

盡管目前中國的法律并不承認(rèn)安樂死合法，但是法律是要維護(hù)公民權(quán)利為本的。北京大學(xué)法學(xué)博士徐景和認(rèn)為，《憲法》規(guī)定公民人身自由與人格尊嚴(yán)不受侵犯，是有特定含義的。公民個(gè)人有權(quán)選擇生存的方式，在特定條件下也有權(quán)選擇死亡的方式。“安樂死”是一種在特殊情況下，在不違背國家、社會(huì)和他人利益的情況下所采取的一種對(duì)生命的特殊處理方式，這種處理是有嚴(yán)格的條件與程序的。

有關(guān)部門曾對(duì)北京、上海、河北、廣東等地進(jìn)行調(diào)查，民間測評(píng)贊成安樂死的比率很高。

According to the report of media， a tumor hospital once had survey on 800 seriously ill patients with cancer， and due to unbearable pain， people who asked for death (euthanasia) spontaneously accounted for more than 30%. 73% of the questionnaires given to 200 old people in Shanghai on 200 were for euthanasia. A survey of 291 medical staff members of Shanghai Second Medical University also shows， more than 92% of the people are for euthanasia.

According to Newspaper of Health， the questionnaires of almost 1000 people in Beijing given by relevant departments show that: more than 91% of the people agree with euthanasia， 85% of the people think legislation should be done to have euthanasia， and according to the statistics of www.qianlong.com: 453 out of 588 people who received the questionnaire (77.04%) are in favor of the legalization of euthanasia; only 7.82% of the people go against it.

Beijing Youth Daily has once commissioned a market research company to do a survey of citizens of Beijing， the result of which turned to be that more than 80% of the people agree with euthanasia， and nearly 2 / 3 of the people think “having legislation of euthanasia in China\" is \"very necessary\" or \"relatively necessary\".

據(jù)媒體報(bào)道，一家腫瘤醫(yī)院曾對(duì)800例身患癌癥的垂?；颊哌M(jìn)行調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)，其中因?yàn)椴豢叭淌芡纯啵栽敢笏劳稣撸ㄒ蟀矘匪溃┱嫉?0％以上。上海對(duì)200名老人開展的問卷中，贊成安樂死占73%。上海第二醫(yī)科大學(xué)對(duì)291名醫(yī)務(wù)人員的調(diào)查也顯示，92%以上的人贊成安樂死。

據(jù)《健康報(bào)》報(bào)道，有關(guān)部門對(duì)北京地區(qū)近千人進(jìn)行的問卷調(diào)查表明：91%以上的人贊成安樂死，85%的人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該立法來實(shí)施安樂死，又據(jù)千龍網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)顯示：對(duì)588人進(jìn)行調(diào)查問卷，有453人（77.04%）贊成安樂死合法化；僅有7.82%的人反對(duì)。

《北京青年報(bào)》曾委托某市場研究公司對(duì)北京市民作過一次調(diào)查，結(jié)果顯示，有超過80%的人贊同安樂死，接近2／3的人認(rèn)為“中國為安樂死立法”是“十分必要”或“比較必要的”。

Difficult to push; dream needs

to face reality

難推動(dòng)，夢想難敵現(xiàn)實(shí)

According to the current criminal law， euthanasia belongs to intentional homicide. For its legal consequence， there have been two arguments. One party thinks that， euthanasia is illegal and constitutes crime of homicide according to criminal law， but the penalty can be lighter. The other party maintains that， although euthanasia has the elements of intentional homicide in its form， with the elements of the crime of， it is a practice of medical treatment that ends the life of the patients on the condition that they suffers from extreme pain and felt it unbearable. Since a medical practice is normal， its illegality can be hindered and it does not constitute a crime of homicide. In 1986， Wang Ming of Shaanxi gave euthanasia for his mother， which became the first case of euthanasia in China. The Supreme Court instructed that since the nature of the action cannot be determined， it was not dealt with as a crime.

據(jù)現(xiàn)行刑法解釋，安樂死屬故意殺人罪。對(duì)于其法律后果，一直有兩種爭論。一方認(rèn)為，安樂死不能阻止行為的違法性，仍構(gòu)成刑法上的殺人罪，但處罰可以從輕。另一方認(rèn)為，安樂死雖然在形式上具備故意殺人罪的要件，但安樂死是在病人極度痛苦、不堪忍受的情況下提前結(jié)束其生命的醫(yī)療行為，而醫(yī)療行為是正常行為，因而可以改變其違法性，不構(gòu)成殺人罪。1986年，陜西王明協(xié)助其母安樂死案是中國首例安樂死案件，最高法院批示因?yàn)闊o法定性，而不做犯罪處理。

Hidden under the legal problem that \"euthanasia is equivalent to intentional homicide\" is the ethnic dilemma that \"euthanasia is the blasphemy to life\".

Maybe people’s impression that medical science should prevent death prolong life is too deep， and many people think that it is the moral responsibility of physicians to treat the wounded and rescue the dying， while any euthanasia is immoral. Moreover， the psychology of most Chinese is \"a living dog is better than a dead lion\". If euthanasia gets the permission of law， it will cause widespread blasphemy to the dignity of life.

在“安樂死等同于故意殺人”的法律難題下，掩藏更深的則是“安樂死是對(duì)生命褻瀆”的倫理困境。

也許是人們對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)預(yù)防死亡、延長生命的印象太為深刻，因此很多人都認(rèn)為醫(yī)生的道德責(zé)任就是救死扶傷，任何安樂死都是不道德的。更何況，大多數(shù)中國人的心理是“好死不如賴活著”。如果安樂死得到法律允許，或?qū)⒁饘?duì)人類生命尊嚴(yán)的普遍褻瀆。

On August 22， 2012， the lawyer of Tony Nicklinson who suffered from locked in syndrome announced that he died in the morning at home， and his family said he died naturally. Last week， British High Court judged that he could not have euthanasia， since it belongs to murder. When he heard the news， he cried and said law and diseases made him lose dignity and suffer a lot.

2012年8月22日，閉鎖綜合癥患者(意識(shí)清醒卻不能活動(dòng)、說話)托尼-尼克林森的律師宣布，尼克林森已于今晨在家中離世，家人稱他是自然死亡。上周英國高等法院裁定他不得安樂死，因安樂死屬于謀殺，當(dāng)時(shí)尼克林森聽到裁決后痛哭。稱法律和疾病讓他失去尊嚴(yán)，痛苦不堪。