郭天舒,雷宏濤,武海濱
(1.陜西省周至縣人民醫(yī)院兒科 710400;2.陜西省人民醫(yī)院新生兒科,西安 710068;3.陜西省西安市兒童醫(yī)院重癥醫(yī)學科 710003)
?
·論 著·
米力農(nóng)聯(lián)合高頻通氣治療新生兒持續(xù)性肺動脈高壓臨床療效研究
郭天舒1,雷宏濤2△,武海濱3
(1.陜西省周至縣人民醫(yī)院兒科 710400;2.陜西省人民醫(yī)院新生兒科,西安 710068;3.陜西省西安市兒童醫(yī)院重癥醫(yī)學科 710003)
目的 探討米力農(nóng)聯(lián)合高頻通氣治療新生兒肺動脈高壓臨床療效。方法 選取周至縣人民醫(yī)院和陜西省人民醫(yī)院收治的新生兒肺動脈高壓患兒40例,隨機分為對照組和治療組,每組20例。對照組給予高頻通氣及對癥治療和支持治療,治療組在常規(guī)治療的基礎上加用米力農(nóng),負荷量50 μg/kg,維持量0.50~0.75 μg/(kg·min)微量泵持續(xù)給入。治療3 d后,對比治療前后患兒臨床有效率、血氣及血壓。結(jié)果 (1)治療后兩組患者癥狀均有改善,且治療組有效率(85%)明顯高于對照組(70%),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);(2)兩組患者血氣水平均有改善,且治療組較對照組明顯好轉(zhuǎn),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);(3)治療后兩組患者血壓改善,且治療組血壓較對照組明顯好轉(zhuǎn),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 米力農(nóng)聯(lián)合高頻通氣能夠明顯改善新生兒肺動脈高壓的臨床癥狀,對臨床具有指導意義,值得臨床推廣。
新生兒肺動脈高壓; 高頻通氣; 米力農(nóng); 臨床療效
新生兒肺動脈高壓是由于新生兒出生后肺動脈持續(xù)高壓,肺動脈壓超過體循環(huán)動脈壓,是新生兒從胎兒型循環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)向成人型循環(huán)出現(xiàn)障礙,而引起心房及導管水平血流右向左的分流[1],臨床上多表現(xiàn)為嚴重的低氧血癥。由于其持續(xù)嚴重的低氧癥狀,造成患兒多器官障礙、衰竭,在20世紀80年代,其病死率高達12%~33%[2-3],隨著新生兒重癥監(jiān)護相關技術的不斷進步及完善,以及對其病理、病機及治療原則的不斷深入研究,使病死率降低至10%[4-5],現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學多采取高頻通氣。研究表明,米力農(nóng)能夠明顯改善患兒低氧血癥,高頻通氣又是作為治療新生兒肺動脈高壓的常用手段,作者通過米力農(nóng)聯(lián)合高頻通氣,觀察臨床有效率、血氣、血壓,來探究米力農(nóng)聯(lián)合高頻通氣對新生兒肺動脈高壓的治療效果。
1.1 一般資料 選擇2014年1~9月于周至縣人民醫(yī)院和陜西省人民醫(yī)院以新生兒肺動脈高壓為診斷而收入院患者40例。診斷標準:在適當通氣的情況下,新生兒仍有嚴重發(fā)紺、低氧血癥,且X線片不能解釋的低氧程度,排除先天性心臟病及氣胸者,患兒在圍生期有重度窒息史,或有嚴重胎糞吸入綜合征,純氧試驗、高氧高通氣試驗陽性,多普勒超聲檢查計算肺動脈收縮壓大于75%體循環(huán)收縮壓可確定診斷[6-7]。納入標準:參照《新生兒持續(xù)性肺動脈高壓》[8-10]。(1)符合的新生兒持續(xù)性肺動脈高壓診療常規(guī)診斷標準;(2)出生28 d內(nèi)的新生兒;(3)無先天性心臟??;(4)患兒家屬自愿參與本試驗,并簽署知情同意書。排除標準:(1)不符合納入標準者;(2)患兒家屬拒絕調(diào)研或不合作者;(3)資料不完整影響結(jié)果分析者。將所選患者隨機分為兩組。治療組20例,其中男11例,女9例,平均胎齡(37.25±2.12)周,平均日齡(17.14±7.12)d,平均體質(zhì)量(3.09±1.02)kg;對照組20例,其中男8例,女12例,平均胎齡(37.23±2.34)周,平均日齡(18.56±8.14)d,平均體質(zhì)量(3.24±1.12)kg。兩組患者的年齡、體質(zhì)量、性別比例等一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 治療方法 (1)兩組患兒均給予高頻通氣治療,呼吸機(德國德爾格公司生產(chǎn)的Babylog8000呼吸機)參考系數(shù)設置:吸入氧體積分數(shù)30%~90%,平均氣道壓(1.60~2.67)×103Pa,振蕩頻率8~12 Hz。根據(jù)兩組患兒病情對癥治療,糾正酸中毒,監(jiān)測體溫、脈搏、血壓、血糖、電解質(zhì)平衡,補充維生素,應用抗菌藥物防治感染,給予多巴胺等維持正常心功能,加強有效循環(huán)。(2)治療組在常規(guī)治療的基礎上加用米力農(nóng)(魯南貝特制藥有限公司,批準文號國藥準字1050H0719),劑量為負荷量50 μg/kg,維持量0.50~0.75 μg/(kg·min)微量泵持續(xù)給入。
1.2.2 觀察指標 治療前后分別記錄心電監(jiān)測儀上收縮壓(SBP),彩色多普勒檢查測量肺動脈收縮壓(SPAP),在呼吸機上記錄動脈血氧飽和度(PaO2)、動脈血二氧化碳飽和度(PaCO2)、氧合指數(shù)(OI)。
1.2.3 療效判定標準 患兒動脈PaO2提高大于1.32×103Pa 則判定為有效,否則為無效。
2.1 臨床療效比較 治療組的治療有效率為85%(17/20),對照組為70%(14/20),治療組明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。
2.2 治療前后兩組患兒血氣改變比較 兩組血氣均有所改善,與對照組比較,治療組血氣指標明顯改善,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),見表1。
表1 治療前后兩組患兒血氣比較情況
注:與治療前比較,*P<0.05;與對照組比較,▲P<0.05。
2.3 治療前后兩組患兒血壓比較 治療后兩組血壓均有所改善,與對照組比較,治療組血壓明顯改善,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),見表2。
表2 治療前后兩組患兒血壓比較
注:與治療前比較,*P<0.05;與對照組比較,▲P<0.05。
新生兒持續(xù)肺動脈高壓是以新生兒出生后出現(xiàn)明顯的肺動脈壓升高為主要特征,其發(fā)病率高達0.1%~0.3%[11-12]。新生兒持續(xù)性肺動脈高壓多繼發(fā)于胎糞吸入綜合征、急性呼吸窘迫綜合征,出生后12 h內(nèi)可出現(xiàn)發(fā)紺、氣急,通常不會出現(xiàn)呼吸暫停、三凹征或呻吟等,臨床缺乏特異性表現(xiàn)[13-14],以往對新生兒持續(xù)性肺動脈高壓的病機及病因缺乏詳細研究,導致治療藥物不多,治療方法的選擇不多,病死率高,但近幾年多采用高頻通氣、維持體循環(huán)壓力、降低肺動脈高壓的基本方法[15-16],其治療的有效性得到了臨床的肯定。有研究表明米力農(nóng)在新生兒持續(xù)性肺動脈高壓的治療上能降低肺動脈高壓、提高血氧飽和度、改善心功能[17-18]。
本研究中,治療組的治療有效率(85%)明顯優(yōu)于對照組(70%),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),提示米力農(nóng)聯(lián)合高頻通氣能明顯改善患兒的低氧癥狀,臨床療效明顯;兩組患兒經(jīng)治療后血氣均有改善,且治療組PaO2、PaCO2、OI明顯好于對照組,提示米力農(nóng)可能具有擴血管、降低肺動脈高壓的作用;兩組患兒經(jīng)治療后血壓均有改善,且治療組SPAP、SBP明顯優(yōu)于對照組。有研究表明,米力農(nóng)主要是通過抑制磷酸二酯酶,使細胞內(nèi)環(huán)磷腺苷(CAMP)濃度增加,增加可以被機體所利用的鈣離子流入心肌收縮蛋白細胞,增強心肌收縮力和正性肌力,使心排血量增加,同時使血管平滑肌松弛,進一步擴張血管,從而可降低心前、后負荷,降低左心室充盈壓,改善左室功能,增加心臟指數(shù)[19]。本研究中可看出米力農(nóng)具有改善心功能的作用、降低動脈高壓的作用。
綜上所述,米力農(nóng)聯(lián)合高頻通氣能降低患兒肺動脈高壓,維持體循環(huán),改善心功能,降低病死率,提高臨床療效,值得在臨床上進行推廣。
[1]Gavra P,Nguyen AQ,Theoret Y,et al.A specific and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS micromethod for milrinone plasma levels determination after inhalation in cardiac patients[J].Ther Drug Monit,2014,36(5):663-668.
[2]Shivananda S,Ahliwahlia L,Kluckow M,et al.Variation in the management of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn:a survey of physicians in Canada,Australia,and New Zealand[J].Am J Perinatol,2012,29(7):519-526.
[3]Shivananda S,Ahliwahlia L,Kluckow M.Global myocardial function is compromised in infants with pulmonary hypertension[J].Acta Paediatrica,2012,101(4):410-413.
[4]Sebková S,Tomek V,Zemanová P.Heart failure treated with low-dose milrinone in a full-term newborn[J].Prague Med Rep,2012,113(1):58-65.
[5]Shah PS,Ohlsson A.Sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension in neonates[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2011(8):CD005494.
[6]Tzialla C,Cerbo RM,Perotti G,et al.Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn refractory to inhaled nitric oxide-treated with milrinone:a case report[J].Turk J Pediatr,2010,52(1):78-80.
[7]Bassler D,Kreutzer K,McNamara P,et al.Milrinone for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2010(11):CD007802.
[8]Lakshminrusimha S,Porta NF,Farrow KN,et al.Milrinone enhances relaxation to prostacyclin and iloprost in pulmonary arteries isolated from lambs with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn[J].Pediatr Crit Care Med,2009,10(1):106-112.
[9]Latini G,Del Vecchio A,De Felice C,et al.Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn:therapeutical approach[J].Mini Rev Med Chem,2008,8(14):1507-1513.
[10]Rashid N,Morin FC,Swartz DD,et al.Effects of prostacyclin and milrinone on pulmonary hemodynamics in newborn lambs with persistent pulmonary hypertension induced by ductal ligation[J].Pediatr Res,2006,60(5):624-629.
[11]McNamara PJ,Laique F,Muang-In S,et al.Milrinone improves oxygenation in neonates with severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn[J].J Crit Care,2006,21(2):217-222.
[12]Kissoon N.Treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is in its infancy[J].J Crit Care,2006,21(2):223.
[13]Bassler D,Choong K,McNamara P,et al.Neonatal persistent pulmonary hypertension treated with milrinone:four case reports[J].Biol Neonate,2006,89(1):1-5.
[14]Shah DM,Kluckow M.Early functional echocardiogram and inhaled nitric oxide:usefulness in managing neonates born following extreme preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)[J].J Paediatr Child Health,2011,47(6):340-345.
[15]Peterson AL,Deatsman S,Frommelt MA,et al.Correlation of echocardiographic markers and therapy in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn[J].Pediatr Cardiol,2009,30(2):160-165.
[16]Lampland AL,Mammel MC.The role of high-frequency ventilation in neonates:evidence-based recommendations[J].Clin Perinatol,2007,34(1):129-144.
[17]Lin HC,Su BH,Lin TW,et al.System-based strategy for the management of meconium aspiration syndrome:198 consecutive cases observations[J].Acta Paediatr Taiwan,2005,46(2):67-71.
[18]Hoehn T,Krause M,Hentschel R.High-frequency ventilation augments the effect of inhaled nitric oxide in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn[J].Eur Respir J,1998,11(1):234-238.
[19]Soto BC,Murcia ZJ,López Gutiérrez JC,et al.Congenital diaphragmatic hernia:an analysis of the results and prognostic factors prior to the development of an ECMO program[J].An Esp Pediatr,1996,44(6):568-572.
Study on clinical efficacy of milrinone combined with high frequency ventilation in treatment of neonatal persistent pulmonary hypertension .
GUOTian-shu1,LEIHong-tao2△,WUHai-bin3
(1.DepartmentofPediatrics,ZhouzhiCountyPeople′sHospital,Zhouzhi,Shaanxi710400,China;2.DepartmentofNeonatology,ShaanxiProvincialPeople′sHospital,Xi′an,Shaanxi710068,China;3.DepartmentofIntensiveMedicine,Xi′anMunicipalChildren′sHospital,Xi′an,Shaanxi710003,China)
Objective To investigate the clinical effect of milrinone combined with high frequency ventilation in the treatment of neonatal pulmonary hypertension.Methods 40 neonatal patients with pulmonary hypertension in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of our hospital were selected and randomly divided into two groups,20 cases in each group.The control group was given the high frequency ventilation,symptomatic therapy and supportive treatment,on this basis the treatment group was added with milrinone,loading dose of 50 μg/kg and maintenance dose of 0.50-0.75 μg/ (kg· min) by micropump continuous infusion.The clinical effective rate,blood gas and blood pressure after 3 d treatment were compared between before and after treatment.Results (1)The symptoms after treatment in the two group were improved,the effective rate in the treatment group was 85%,which was significantly higher than 70% in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).(2)The blood gas levels after treatment in the two groups were improved,and the improvement in the treatment group was more obvious than the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).(3) the blood pressure after treatment in the two groups was improved,but the improvement in the treatment group was more obvious,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Milrinone combined with high frequency ventilation can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of neonatal pulmonary hypertension,has the guidance significance in clinic and is worth clinical promotion.
neonatal pulmonary artery hypertension; high frequency ventilation; milrinone;clinical effect
郭天舒,男,本科,副主任醫(yī)師,主要從事呼吸感染和新生兒方向。△
,E-mail:leihongtao_1760@163.com。
10.3969/j.issn.1672-9455.2015.13.043
A
1672-9455(2015)13-1919-03
2015-01-25
2015-03-25)