冉隆劍 唐 莊
作者單位:405200 重慶市梁平縣中醫(yī)院
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淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度對Ⅲ期大腸癌患者手術(shù)后發(fā)生遠處轉(zhuǎn)移的影響
冉隆劍唐莊
作者單位:405200 重慶市梁平縣中醫(yī)院
【摘要】目的探討淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度對Ⅲ期大腸癌患者手術(shù)后發(fā)生遠處轉(zhuǎn)移的影響情況。方法選取153例Ⅲ期大腸癌患者,采用回顧性調(diào)查的方法,分析淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度對患者術(shù)后轉(zhuǎn)移情況及5年生存率的影響。結(jié)果淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度≤0.02的Ⅲ期大腸癌患者術(shù)后發(fā)生遠處轉(zhuǎn)移的占34.29%,遠低于淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度>0.02患者的85.42%,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,P<0.05。腫瘤分化情況和淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度是患者手術(shù)后發(fā)生遠處轉(zhuǎn)移的危險因素,P<0.05;淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度較高的患者術(shù)后發(fā)生遠處轉(zhuǎn)移比例較高,術(shù)后生存時間及5年生存率均較低,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,P<0.05。結(jié)論淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度越高,Ⅲ期大腸癌患者手術(shù)后發(fā)生遠處轉(zhuǎn)移的可能性越大,術(shù)后生存時間越短。檢測淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度可以很好地預(yù)測大腸癌患者預(yù)后情況,值得臨床推廣。
【關(guān)鍵詞】淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度;大腸癌;遠處轉(zhuǎn)移;5年生存率
(ThePracticalJournalofCancer,2015,30:556~558)
大腸癌是常見的胃腸道腫瘤之一,其范圍包括結(jié)腸癌和直腸癌。Ⅲ期大腸癌是指癌細胞已經(jīng)擴散到周邊淋巴結(jié),但還沒有擴散到身體其他部位[1]。大量外國文獻報道,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況與大腸癌預(yù)后關(guān)系密切[2]。本研究主要探討淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度(淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移數(shù)/淋巴結(jié)檢查總數(shù),%)對患者術(shù)后遠處轉(zhuǎn)移及5年生存率的影響,并對發(fā)生遠處轉(zhuǎn)移與否的相關(guān)因素進行研究,以期判斷Ⅲ期大腸癌患者預(yù)后情況,現(xiàn)報告如下。
1資料與方法
1.1臨床資料
選取2002年5月至2008年12月我院普外科收治的Ⅲ期大腸癌患者153例。診斷標準[3]:①腹痛腹瀉、大便習(xí)慣改變、腹部包塊、便血等典型的胃腸道表現(xiàn),可伴有貧血、發(fā)熱、體重進行性下降等全身癥狀;②實驗室檢查可有大便潛血陽性,腫瘤指標癌胚抗原(CEA)檢測陽性;③腸鏡檢查可發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)直腸息肉或腫塊?;顧z或脫落細胞學(xué)檢查明確腫瘤診斷。納入標準:①符合上述結(jié)直腸癌診斷標準;②屬于Ⅲ期大腸癌范疇,即癌細胞已擴散到周圍淋巴結(jié),但未到全身淋巴結(jié);③患者或家屬愿意進行相關(guān)臨床資料調(diào)查。在所選取的153例患者中,男性84例,女性69例,年齡53~79歲,平均(61.76±7.39)歲,病程3~11個月,平均(5.15±2.01)個月。升結(jié)腸癌41例,橫結(jié)腸癌21例,將結(jié)腸癌39例,乙狀結(jié)腸癌7例,直腸癌45例。腫塊最小1.7 cm×1.9 cm×2.0 cm,最大5.2 cm×6.1 cm×7.5 cm;132例采取根治性手術(shù),21例采取姑息性手術(shù)。僅接受根治性手術(shù)治療的患者26例,接受手術(shù)治療與化放療相結(jié)合的患者共106例。
1.2方法
患者或家屬在醫(yī)務(wù)工作者指導(dǎo)下,完成問卷調(diào)查表,該表包括患者性別、發(fā)病年齡、高血壓、糖尿病等一般情況。再通過相關(guān)病史采集,研究患者發(fā)病部位、腫瘤類型、分化情況、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度、治療方法及手術(shù)后腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移等情況。隨訪時間至2013年12月,所有患者均完成隨訪,隨訪率為100.00%。
1.3統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析
2結(jié)果
2.1術(shù)后遠處轉(zhuǎn)移與患者臨床病理特征的關(guān)系
153例患者中淋巴結(jié)檢出的為7~27枚,檢出有腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移的為1~23枚,平均(6.61±2.14)枚,患者發(fā)生術(shù)后遠處轉(zhuǎn)移的為77例,占病例總數(shù)的50.33%。本研究結(jié)果表明,患者性別、年齡、高血壓、糖尿病、吸煙史、飲酒史等一般情況及腫瘤大體類型與術(shù)后遠處轉(zhuǎn)移無明顯關(guān)系,P>0.05;腫瘤分化情況、治療方法選擇與術(shù)后遠處轉(zhuǎn)移有明顯關(guān)系,P<0.05;淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度≤0.02的患者術(shù)后發(fā)生遠處轉(zhuǎn)移的占34.29%,遠低于淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度>0.02患者的85.42%,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,P<0.05。見表1。
2.2患者術(shù)后遠處轉(zhuǎn)移的多因素分析
患者腫瘤分化情況和淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度是Ⅲ期大腸癌患者手術(shù)后發(fā)生遠處轉(zhuǎn)移的危險因素(P<0.05)。見表2。
表1 患者臨床病理特征與術(shù)后遠處轉(zhuǎn)移發(fā)生的關(guān)系
表2 術(shù)后遠處轉(zhuǎn)移的相關(guān)因素多元Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果
2.3淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度對患者預(yù)后的影響
淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度較高的患者術(shù)后發(fā)生遠處轉(zhuǎn)移比例較高,術(shù)后生存時間及5年生存率較低,P<0.05,見表3。
表3 不同淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度患者術(shù)后轉(zhuǎn)移及生存情況比較
3討論
大腸癌以局部性侵犯的形式為最常見的浸潤方式[4],腫瘤增大后可壓迫骶神經(jīng)叢引起劇烈疼痛,侵及周圍組織可形成下腹部不適、肛門失禁等相應(yīng)反應(yīng)。腫瘤細胞可種植性轉(zhuǎn)移至腹腔、盆腔各處,直腸指診可及子宮直腸窩或膀胱直腸窩處腫塊,廣泛轉(zhuǎn)移可伴隨大量腹水的形成[5-6]。大腸癌可通過淋巴管向遠處轉(zhuǎn)移,淋巴結(jié)是淋巴管上中轉(zhuǎn)站,因此,檢測淋巴結(jié)是否存在腫瘤細胞可為判斷遠處轉(zhuǎn)移情況提供依據(jù)[7]。
歐美發(fā)達國家曾最早研究淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度與胃癌患者5年生存率的關(guān)系。近年來,對于結(jié)直腸癌患者預(yù)后與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度的相關(guān)性研究也逐漸成為學(xué)術(shù)界的熱點[8]。也有美國學(xué)者報道,結(jié)腸癌患者淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移與腫瘤分化程度、治療方式有關(guān),與腫瘤大體類型及5年生存率無明顯關(guān)系,并大膽提出淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度檢查對提高大腸癌預(yù)后情況無積極作用的觀點。美國癌癥聯(lián)合委員會(AJCC)建議評估至少12枚淋巴結(jié)情況用于大腸癌TMN分期[9-10]。但淋巴結(jié)術(shù)中評估具有一定難度,腸系膜較厚、脂肪過多極易讓術(shù)者忽視某些腫大淋巴結(jié),清掃出的組織中往往存在手術(shù)過程中未發(fā)現(xiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結(jié)。需要一提的是,腫大淋巴結(jié)并不等同于腫瘤細胞轉(zhuǎn)移,必須通過病理診斷排除慢性炎癥或感染性疾病的發(fā)生。本研究組對153例Ⅲ期大腸癌患者一般情況、直腸癌病理特征及淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況進行詳細研究,并隨訪所有患者發(fā)生遠處轉(zhuǎn)移、生存時間等信息,綜合評價淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度對術(shù)后轉(zhuǎn)移及預(yù)后的影響。本研究153例研究對象淋巴結(jié)檢出的為7~27枚,共1 714枚,檢出有腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移的為1~23枚,共784枚,平均(6.61±2.14)枚,平均檢出率45.74%?;颊甙l(fā)生術(shù)后遠處轉(zhuǎn)移的為77例,占病例總數(shù)的50.33%。患者性別、年齡、高血壓、糖尿病、吸煙史、飲酒史等一般情況及腫瘤大體類型與術(shù)后遠處轉(zhuǎn)移無明顯關(guān)系(P>0.05),而腫瘤分化情況、治療方法選擇與術(shù)后遠處轉(zhuǎn)移有明顯關(guān)系(P<0.05),可見一般情況只能與患者當(dāng)前機體狀況有關(guān),并不能決定腫瘤細胞遠處轉(zhuǎn)移。淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度不大于0.02的患者術(shù)后發(fā)生遠處轉(zhuǎn)移的占34.29%,遠低于淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度大于0.02的患者85.42%的遠處轉(zhuǎn)率,P<0.05,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。轉(zhuǎn)移度較高的患者更容易通過淋巴管將腫瘤細胞播散至遠處,從表3可以看出,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度高的患者,手術(shù)后遠處轉(zhuǎn)移高的同時,會導(dǎo)致生存時間嚴重下降。這一結(jié)果與Ryash等的報道相一致[11]。Shimomura等研究結(jié)果表明,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度更高的患者,通過血行發(fā)生遠處轉(zhuǎn)移的可能性更高,但其原因有待進一步研究[12]。
綜上所述,我們認為淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度越高,Ⅲ期大腸癌患者手術(shù)后發(fā)生遠處轉(zhuǎn)移的可能性越大,術(shù)后生存時間越短。檢測淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度可以很好地預(yù)測大腸癌患者預(yù)后情況,值得臨床推廣。
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(編輯:甘艷)
Effect of Lymph Node Ratio on Distant Metastasis in Stage Ⅲ Colorectal Cancer Patients
after Surgery
RANLongjian,TANGZhuang.LiangpingTraditionalChineseMedicineHospital,Chongqing,405200
【Abstract】Objective153 cases of stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed.Effect of lymph node ratio on distant metastasis and 5-year survival rate were analyzed.MethodsSteroid saponins of the flowers of Cestrum Nocturnum,Linn(SSFCN) were separated and identified their structures by solvent.The K562 cells were cultured in vitro and the cell growth inhibition was measured by MTT assay after treatment with SSFCN,The effect of SSFCN on apoptotic induction in K562 cells was determined using the DNA ladder agarose gel electrophoresis.Alteration of cell cycle and apoptosis rate was defected by flow cytometry.The expression of AKt,and phosphorylated AKt(p-AKt) was detected by Western blot.ResultsLymph node metastasis rate of stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer patients with lymph node ratio ≤0.02 was 34.29%,which was lower than patients with lymph node ratio >0.02(85.42%),the difference was statistically significant,P<0.05.Tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis rate were risk factors for distant metastasis after surgery,P<0.05;Patients with higher degree of lymph node metastasis had higher proportion of distant metastasis,and lower survival time,and 5-year survival rate,the difference was statistically significant,P<0.05.ConclusionThe higher the degree of lymph node metastasis,the greater the possibility of distant lymph node metastasis in stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer patients after surgery,and the shorter the survival time.Detection of lymph node metastasis rate can be a good predictor of the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer,it is worthy of promotion.
【Key words】Lymph node ratio;Colorectal cancer;Distant metastasis;5-year survival
(收稿日期2014-10-23修回日期 2015-01-20)
中圖分類號:R735.3+4
文獻標識碼:A
文章編號:1001-5930(2015)04-0556-03
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5930.2015.04.027