Study on Liquid Special Fertilizer for Drip Irrigation of Sugarcane and Its Irrigation Mode in Guangxi Lateritic Red Soil Region

Ying XING,Zepu JIANG,Yumo TAN*,Qing LIAO,Shao’e YANG,Guifen CHEN,Panxia LIANG,Feng YANG,Shixie MENG

1.Agricultural Resource and Environment Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;

2.New Orientation（Guangxi）Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530007,China

Study on Liquid Special Fertilizer for Drip Irrigation of Sugarcane and Its Irrigation Mode in Guangxi Lateritic Red Soil Region

Ying XING1,Zepu JIANG1,Yumo TAN1*,Qing LIAO1,Shao’e YANG1,Guifen CHEN1,Panxia LIANG1,Feng YANG2,Shixie MENG2

1.Agricultural Resource and Environment Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;

2.New Orientation（Guangxi）Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530007,China

[Objective]Liquid special fertilizer for drip irrigation of sugarcane was developed and the fertilizer patterns were explored in the production to provide technical support for fertigation production of modern agriculture. [Method]ROC22 was selected as experimental material,two formulas of liquid special fertilizer for sugarcane developed by the cooperation between Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and New Orientation (Guangxi)Chemical Industry Co.，Ltd.were selected, namely,balanced 21-21-21+TE of Xinfangxiang and hyperkalemic 13-6-39-TE of Xinfangxiang.Taking conventional fertilization as the control(CK),two modes of applying base fertilizer at the earlier stage+fertigation in the tillering stage and fertigation in the whole growth period were set. [Result]The two modes of fertilization had not significant effects on the emergence of sugarcane,but applying base fertilizer at the earlier stage+timely applying water soluble fertilizer in the tillering stage was conducive to the tillering of sugarcane．Harvest results showed that the effects of different treatments on plant height and yield were significant,in which the yield of sugarcane under the treatment of hyperkalemic water-soluble fertilizer increased by 13.04%compared with conventional treatment,and the income increased by 4 500 yuan/hm2．[Conclusion]Liquid special fertilizer for drip irrigation of sugarcane significantly promoted the growth of sugarcane,moreover,under the same condition,the effect of hyperkalemic water-soluble fertilizer was better．

Lateritic red soil；Sugarcane；Drip irrigation;Liquid special fertilizer

S ugarcane industry is an important economic pillar industry in Guangxi[1].Sugarcane industry is faced with the low price of international sugarcane,the immature infrastructure of main sugarcane areas of Guangxi,the rising price of labour power,poor competitive capacity of crop production,the descending of economic benefit and the low level of yield,etc.So to improve the competitive capacity of sugarcane production in Guangxi,modern agricultural mode is the only way,including appropriate scale of production,sugarcane production mechanization,the improved variety system,adequate irrigation and large-scale planting.Water and nutrient are two key factors restricting the yield of sugarcane.To construct modern agriculture,some enterprises and sugar companies of Guangxi carried out scale cultivation and land integration of sugarcane areas like changing small piece of land into large piece of land,and adopted sophisticated equipment like film drip irrigation,moreover, a very good effect was obtained.For the new technology,the studies on the irrigation frequency,fertilizing amount and fertilizing technique of sugarcane were fewer.

Irrigation of sugarcane has already been implemented in main sugarcane areas.Suitable water condition and reasonable nutrient supply are the basic guarantee of high yield and quality of sugarcane.Water stress, nutrient dificiency and the asynchrony of the two are bad for the growth of sugarcane[2].Moisture factor is an important factor influencing the elongation of sugarcane stalks.Many studies have shown thatrainfallhad the greatest contribution to the elongation of sugarcane[3-7].Water shortage would generally cause the reduction of output and even sugarcane failure.The demand of sugarcane for nutrient is also great,but there are some differences in different stages.Fertigation technology can meet the requirements of sugarcane for water and nutrient,thereby realizing the efficient utilization of water and fertilizer.Compared with traditional methods,fertigation technology can reduce the losses caused by fertilizer volatilization,immobility and leaching,thereby utilization rate of fertilizer can improve by 30%-50%,and water use efficiency can improve by 40%-60%[8].

Lu Shaode et al.[9]conducted fertigation experiment and ordinary fertilizing experiment on Yuetang 83-271, and new-planting sugarcane and ratoon sugarcane of Yuetang 00-236 strain,the results showed that the yield per unit of Yuetang 83-271 under fertigation technology improved by 18 t/hm2compared with conventional fertilization,and the output value increased by 8 088.9 yuan/hm2.The yield per unit of ratoon sugarcane of Yuetang 00-236 strain improved by 5.85 t/hm2compared with conventional fertilization,and the output value increased by 2 659.5 yuan/hm2;the yield per unit of new-planting sugarcane of the strain improved by 9 t/hm2compared with conventional fertilization, and the output value increased by 4 047.9 yuan/hm2.Li Shijun[10]carried out water-fertilizer interaction experiment under different water consumption and different nitrogen application using Xintaitang 22 as the experimental material,the results showed that the yield of sugarcane and sugar content in the sugarcane under the condition of high water consumption were the highest.The reports on the study of fertigation technology of sugarcane have been fewer,moreover, the parameters of water-fertilizer supply would have differences due to different strains,climate types and soil types,therefore,it is very necessary to seek reasonable water-fertilizer supply mode for Xintaitang 22 which has wide planting area in Guangxi lateritic red soil region.In this paper,Xinfangxiang liquid special fertilizer for sugarcane was selected as experimental fertilizer,so as to develop and verify the more suitable formula of liquid manure,thereby providing a technical support for fertigation technology of sugarcane.

Materials and Methods

Experimental materials

The experiment was carried out in Sugarcane ExperimentalBase of Lian’an Village,Nanwei Town,Long’anCounty,GuangxiZhuangAutonomous Region.The experimental soil was latosolic red soil derived from the quaternary red clay,the preceding crop was sugarcane.The physical and chemical properties of soil were:pH 4.09,27.5 g/kg organic matter,1.35 g/kg total nitrogen(N),0.90 g/kg total phosphorus(P),6.45 g/kg total potassium (K),111 mg/kg available N,28 mg/kg rapidly available P and 63 mg/kg rapidly available K.The experimental sugarcane variety was Xintaitang 22. The experimental compound fertilizer was Stanley compound fertilizer(45%, made in Guigang of Guangxi),the nitrogenous fertilizer was urea(contains 46%N,made in Hechi of Guangxi), the phosphatic fertilizer was superphosphate(contains 12%P2O5,made in Liuzhou of Guangxi),the K fertilizer was KCl(contains 60%K2O,made in Canada),Xinfangxiang water soluble fertilizer(balanced 21-21-21+TE and hyperkalemic13-6-39-TE,madein Nanning of Guangxi).

Experimental design

There were six treatments,such as,A.Applying base fertilizer(the fertilizing amount was half of F treatment)+fertigation of balanced formula of Xinfangxiang during the tillering stage;B.Applying base fertilizer(the fertilizing amount was half of F treatment)+fertigation ofhyperkalemic formula of Xinfangxiang during the tillering stage;C.Fertigation of balanced formula of Xinfangxiang;D. Fertigation of hyperkalemic formula of Xinfangxiang;E.Conventional fertilization.The line length and spacing of the experimental plot were 7.0 and 1.1 m,respectively,each plot had five lines.The experiment had three repetitions and all adopted drip irrigation under film.

Conventional fertilization(the fertilizing amount of F treatment)contained 900 kg/hm2basal compound fertilizer(15-15-15),900 kg/hm2topdressing compound fertilizer after soil dressing(15-15-15),300 kg/hm2urea and 225 kg/hm2KCl.The price of fertilizers for different treatments was the same,total fertilizer cost of conventionalfertilization was 7 177.5 yuan/hm2,and that of the other treatments should be based on this.The irrigation amountofalltreatments should also be the same,and all treatments should referto the water amount of 800 times dilution of water soluble fertilizer,the irrigation time was once per 7 d from April 21 to October 30 of 2013,there were totally 28 times. The planting date of sugarcane was on March 12 in 2013.

Measuring items

Afterplanting,the germination rate and tillering rate of sugarcane at the germination stage and tillering stage were surveyed.At the harvesting time,the plant height,the number of effective stalks,the brix and the yield of sugarcane were studied.

Statistical analysis

The software of Excel2007 was used for data processing,and DPS7. 05 was adopted for one-way analysis of variance.

Results and Analyses

Effects of different treatments on the growth of sugarcane

As seen in Table 1,different water and fertilizer treatments had different effects on seedling emergence,tillering,plant height and yield of sugarcane.At the early growth period of sugarcane,the effects of different treatments on sugarcane emergence were notsignificant,however,the tillering rate of treatment A applying base fertilizer at the early stage andusing fertigation at the early tillering stage was significantly higher than the other treatments at 0.05 level,and the tillering rate using fertigation was significantly higher than conventional fertilization treatment at 0.05 level,indicating that fertigation was beneficial to the tillering of sugarcane.Each agronomic trait at the final harvesting stage also showed differences,in which plant height and yield showed the most obvious differences.Therefore,it can be seen that the continuous supply of nutrient was beneficial to the growth of sugarcane.Hereinto,sugarcane brix under treatments B and D using water soluble fertilizer of hyperkalemic formula of Xinfangxiang increased obviously,showing that the supply of high K was beneficial to the accumulation of sugar content of sugarcane.

Table 1 Comparison on agronomic traits of sugarcane under different treatments

Table 2 Effects of different supply modes of water and fertilizer on the growth of sugarcane

Effects of different supply modes of water and fertilizer on the growth of sugarcane

The comparison on different supply modes of water and fertilizer was carried out,in which treatments A and B were base fertilizer in the early stage+fertigation in the tillering stage, treatments C and D was fertigation in the whole growth period.As shown in Table 2,applying base fertilizer in the early stage and fertigation in the tillering stage was conducive to the tillering of sugarcane,and the superiority of fertigation in the whole growth process after entering elongation stage was gradually obvious.The yield of sugarcane under the fertigation in the whole growth process was significantly higher than that of the other treatments at the level of 0.05,showing that it was feasible to adopt fertigation for water and fertilizer management during the whole growth period in lateritic red soil region,which saved the cost of artificial fertilization of the earlier stage and middle stage.

Effects of different formulas of water soluble fertilizer on the growth of sugarcane

There were two formulas of liquid fertilizer,namely fertigation ofbalanced formula of Xinfangxiang(treatments A and C)and fertigation of hyperkalemic formula of Xinfangxiang (treatments B and D).As seen in Table 3,the effects of the two formulas of liquid fertilizer were both superior to conventional fertilization,infering that liquid fertilizer can replace conventional solid fertilizer.In the two formulas,the balanced formula was conducive to the tillering of sugarcane,and the hyperkalemic formula was beneficial to the increase of plant height and yield of sugarcane in the later period,as well as the accumulation of sugar content of sugarcane.Therefore,the formulas of liquid fertilizer can still be improved,adopting different formulas in the early and late tillering stages was beneficial to promoting the improvement of each physiological index of sugarcane.

Comparison on the yield and economic benefit of sugarcane under different treatments

Under the treatment of the fertigation in the whole growth process and the hyperkalemic formula,the plant height,the yield and the brix of sugarcane were all obviously improved.As shown in Table 4,the economic benefit of sugarcane under different treatments was compared,according to 450 yuan/t purchasing price of sugarcane in that year,the added value of economic benefit under treatments A,B and C was 3 000 yuan/hm2,and the added value under treatment D was 6 750 yuan/hm2.The input of water fertilizer equipment was 3 000 yuan/hm2,so the economic benefit of that year was not ideal,and the input of water fertilizer equipment was only one-time input,and the durable years of the equipment may be more than 3 years.The economic benefit under treatment D was ideal,it can not only save water and fertilizer,but also improve people’s income.This study showed thatfertigation ofhyperkalemic formula of Xinfangxiang for sugarcane in latosolic red soil region can reach ideal effect.

Table 3 Effects of different formulas of water soluble fertilizer on the growth of sugarcane

Table 4 Comparison on the yield and economic benefit of sugarcane under different treatments

Discussions

Liquid fertilizer for sugarcane has practicability in the integration production of water and fertilizer for sugarcane.Fertigation mode in the whole growth period can save base fertilizer and the artificial cost of soil dressing stage,thereby reaching the aim of saving cost.However,fertigation has some requirements for terrain and water sources,it has certain difficulties to use it in steeper regions and dry land which has not water resources.However,most sugarcane planting regions of Guangxi are water shortage areas,thus there are still many problems to be solved to achieve the wide application of the integration of water and fertilizer.

In this study,there were two formulas of liquid fertilizer,in which the balanced formula of Xinfangxiang was conducive to the tillering of sugarcane, and the hyperkalemic formula of Xinfangxiang was beneficial to the growth ofsugarcane in the laterperiod. Therefore,according to the growth characteristics of sugarcane,adopting different formulas in the early and late tillering stages was beneficial to the growth of sugarcane.From the study, the balanced formula of Xinfangxiang had certain applicability in Guangxi latosolic red soil region,so it was worth to be popularized in the long run.

From economic benefit,the effect of hyperkalemic formula fertigation in the whole growth process was ideal; there were still some profits after removing the cost of water fertilizer equipment,but the input of water fertilizer equipment was one-time input.In the long term,it can be popularized under water conservancy conditions in Guangxi latosolic red soil region.

It can be seen that different supply modes of water and fertilizer had not obvious effect on the emergence ofsugarcane,and generally,the seedling effect was not ideal,therefore,the studies on the improvement of sugarcane seedling should be done more.Furthermore,the two formulas both had some effects on the growth of sugarcane in the early and late stages. Based on the results,the formulas could be adjusted,and more formulas for different growth periods of sugarcane could be set.What’s more,such drip irrigation coefficients as the frequency of drip irrigation and the drip irrigation amount each time needed to be further studied.

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Responsible editor:Nanling WANG

Responsible proofreader:Xiaoyan WU

甘蔗滴灌專用液肥及其在廣西赤紅壤蔗區(qū)灌溉模式研究

邢 穎1，江澤普1，譚裕模1*，廖 青1，楊紹鍔1，陳桂芬1，梁潘霞1，楊鋒2，蒙世協(xié)2
（1.廣西農(nóng)業(yè)科學院農(nóng)業(yè)資源與環(huán)境研究所，廣西南寧530007；2.廣西新方向化學工業(yè)有限公司，廣西南寧 530007）

［目的］開發(fā)甘蔗滴灌專用液肥，探討在生產(chǎn)上的施肥模式，為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)水肥一體化生產(chǎn)方式提供技術支撐。［方法］選取ROC22為供試材料，田間設置選用近年與廣西新方向化學工業(yè)有限公司合作研制的甘蔗專用液肥兩個配方:新方向平衡型21-21-21+ TE、新方向高鉀型13-6-39-TE，以常規(guī)施肥為對照，分別設置前期施基肥分蘗期開始水肥一體和全程水肥一體兩種模式。［結果］前期施基肥分蘗期開始水肥一體和全程水肥一體對甘蔗出苗沒有明顯的影響，而前期施基肥在分蘗期及時補充水溶肥有利于甘蔗分蘗。不同處理對株高及產(chǎn)量影響顯著，其中采用新方向高鉀型水溶肥產(chǎn)量比常規(guī)處理增加13．04%，收益增加4 500元/hm2。［結論］甘蔗液體專用肥有明顯促進甘蔗生長的作用，同等條件下高鉀型水溶肥效果更佳。

赤紅壤；甘蔗；滴灌;專用液肥

現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術體系建設專項資金資助（CARS-20-3-5）；廣西農(nóng)業(yè)科學院青年基金項目資助（桂農(nóng)科2014YQ33）；廣西農(nóng)業(yè)科學院科研專項－重點項目資助 （桂農(nóng)科2013YZ12）。

邢穎(1986－)，女，青海西寧人，研究實習員，從事土壤生態(tài)與高值農(nóng)業(yè)方面的研究，E-mail：xingying-126@163.com。*通訊作者，譚裕模（1955-），男，廣西玉林人，研究員，從事甘蔗育種與栽培相關研究，E-mail：xingying-126@163.com。

2015-04-26

修回日期 2015-07-17

Supported by the Special Fund of Modern Agricultural Technology System Construction (CARS-20-3-5);the Project of Youth Fund of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Gui Nong Ke 2014YQ33);the Special Scientific Research Project of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences-Key Project Fund(Gui Nong Ke 2013YZ12).

*Corresponding author.E-mail:xingying-126@163.com

Received:April 26,2015 Accepted:July 17,2015