Research on the Construction of Remote Plant and Animal Hospital in Omnimedia Era

Lingyang MENG,Yonghe ZHU

1.China Agriculture Press,Beijing 100125,China;

2.Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230031,China

Responsible editor:Lingyang MENG Responsible proofreader:Xiaoyan WU

After entering the omnimedia era,paper media,television media,broadcasting media,network media,and mobile media mixed together,making it available for the media transmitter and media receiver to spread or receive messages at any time,any place in any way.In other words,it can achieve the interaction between the server and attendee without the requirements of in the same place and same time face to face.Therefore,it is a practical matter to open the remote animal and plant hospital,and implement the diagnosis and prevention of animal diseases and plant insect pests and weeds for agricultural production[1-7].

Basic Structure of Remote Plant and Animal Hospital

Primary ideas:the most basic structure of a remote plant and animal hospital is a "medical case resource base" with rich content system and comprehensive performance means plus wish "a team of doctors composed of expects of different types from different areas" plus with "a service platform with powerful functions and smooth routes"plus with"a kind of reasonable and well managed operation mode"[8](Fig.1).

Multi-media medical case resource base suitable for "multi-terminal communication"

The resource base is made up of about 6 000 standard "medical records".3 000 "prescriptions" and technical specifications related with the diagnosis and premonition of animal and plant diseases in which there are about 6 000 medical cases and prescriptions for plant hospital,and about 3 000 medical cases and prescriptions for animal hospital.The socalled medical case is actually referred to the diagnosis and treatment scheme with relative complete disease standard specification expressed by the means of multi-media; the socalled prescription is actually the detailed instruction to the pesticides,fertilizers,veterinary medicine,fish medicine by the expression of multimedia.Both the knowledge and the technological contents are suitable for the running in the Omnimedia environment.

Started in 2011,the construction of the main body project of the resource base has completed,and the comprehensive construction is expected to be completed in early 2016.

The multi-media content in the resource base,on the one hand,can be shared in "Doctors","Patients(Members)",and on the other hand,can obtain feedback from the diagnosis practices,which could be then collected and preceded by the specified team to enrich,improve and perfect the resource base.

Plants disease diagnosis and prevention medical caseThe Plants disease diagnosis and prevention medical case is the multimedia products systematically covered the diagnosis and prevention of plant diseases,plant pests and weeds,which contains 60 000 pictures,5 000 mins of video about 100 min of 3D animation,content expansion link attached with catalog.

There are at least dozens of and at most hundreds of kinds of crop diseases and insect pests for each variety of crop.In addition to the comprehensive prevention measures for the medical cases for each variety of crop,the most obvious pants are the symptom identification (including disease course illusion and similar symptom comparision),occurrence regularity,pathological changes,prevention and control technology of common crop diseases and insect pests.And these contents are described in accordance with the disease,insect,grass damage,respectively.

In the multimedia cases,the basic expression is in the mode of "text +video + picture + animation".The text must be refined and clear.Video and picture show the gross macroscopic visible decease or pests and weeds appearance,as and the partial pathological feature or pest feature,as well as their relationship with the surrounding environment.Those diseases or pest appearances and partial pathological features that need to be identified clearly by the naled eyes are shot with professional camera in micro lens.Pathogenic micro pictures are generally on the background of disorder videos in the form of windows.In order to achieve visual expression,the occurrence regularity can be supported with animation.The prevention technique must be the best,which should not only be pollution free,but also give full consideration to the control cost and effect,and the practical operation should be shown in the form of video.

Professional repair painting and animation is adopted to the typical symptoms that one hard to take photos or those have not yet be shot.

At the initial stage of construction,the medical resource base should not miss any common disease (insect pests and weeds),frequently-occurring diseases (insect,weed),repeatedly-occurring diseases (insect,weed),and the description should be in detail and carefully,and the knowledge complete and expression technique rich.For example,major disease should have full disease course description;the pest should have the pictures and videos in the different stages from egg,pupa,larva and adult,even the pests like cotton bollworm should have different instars; the diseases,insect pests and weeds that rarely happen or have small damage can be described roughly.

Animal disease diagnosis and control medical casesAnimal disease diagnosis and control medical cases are the multimedia products of diagnosis and control for diseases of livestock (pigs,cattle,sheep,rabbits,)diseases of poultry (chicken,ducks,gooses,pigeons),diseases of aquatic animals (fish,shrimps,crabs,turtles),diseases pet (dogs,cats,ornamental fish),which totally contains about 8 000 pictures (including the comparison of normal state picture and pathological stage picture of animal anatomy),2 000 mins of video,100 mins of 3D animation,content expanding links attached with complete catalog.

There are at least dozens of and even hundreds of diseases for each kind of animal in China.In addition to the necessary diagnosis and treatment techniques for each kind of livestock(poultry),including compressive control measures,sterilization specification for farms,vaccine inoculation technique,general medication principle,the major parts should be the common disease symptom recognition,pathological changes revelation,prevention and control measures selection.The most basic unit for this part should be a certain disease.The introduction to each kind of disease must include symptom recognition(including course illustrations and similar symptom comparison),occurrence regularity,pathological changes,prevention and control measures.

Generally specking,it can not give fully summarization to the necessary parts only using audio and video materials,and the following description methods are conceived:

Video and picture show the gross macroscopic visible decease appearance or local pathological features,as and the partial pathological feature or pest feature,as well as their relationship with the surrounding environment.Those diseases appearances and partial pathological features that need to be identified clearly by the naked eyes are shot with professional camera in micro lens.Pathogenic micro pictures are generally on the background of disorder videos in the form of windows.In order to achieve visual expression,the occurrence regularity can be supported with animation.The prevention technique must be the best,and should be simple and easy.

Professional repair painting and animation is adopted to the typical symptoms that one hard to take photos or those have not yet be taken.Manual 3D creation or animation creation is taken to those diseases are hard to shoot or the classical diseases that have not be shot to ensure the completeness of the knowledge system.

Due to the limited space and different occurrence for each kind of disease,the equilibrium assignment of time is not taken,and it should not miss any common diseases,frequently-occuring diseases,which should have complete introduction,and the occupied time (space) should be large enough; for those diseases that rarely occurs or have small influence,the occupied time (space) should be relatively small.

Prescriptions for pesticides,fertilizers,veterinary drugs,and fishThere are about 2 000 multi-media products of prescriptions of pesticides,fertilizers,veterinary drugs,and fish,which not only have detailed and careful introduction,but also have rich knowledge links.Therefore,it can give medication suggestions through the comparisons on the different varieties but for the same purposes from the aspects of effect,price,residues in agricultural products and environment;it can also give reference idea to the purchase of medicines by combining the introduction of the manufacturer and dealers.

Techniques related with the diagnosis and control of animal diseasesAlthough the number of techniques related with the diagnosis and control of animal diseases is relatively small,but the coverage is in place.The focal points of service are in the head hospitals and the branch hospitals.As the technical introduction,not only the text should be easy to understand,but it should also be shown by video and supported by animation with accurate operation,scenes in place and pictures clear,and the products should reach teaching level to make it easy to illuminate,making it can be learnt by merely reading it once over.

Doctor team composed of"experts"of different types from different areas

According to the characteristics of remote diagnosis and treatment,the doctors of remote animal and plant hospital should have a higher starting point,which are senior specialists and scholars and technical cadres with rich experience from agricultural university,agricultural scientific research units and agricultural technology extension departments.If measured in accordance with the technical title,the starting point should be higher than sub-senior.

Doctor professional listThe doctors in the remote plant and animal hospital are divided into clinicians and laboratory physicians.The clinicians include "specialist physicians" and "general practitioners",while the laboratory physicians include laboratorians(chemist),pharmacists.

First,the specialist physicians have profound knowledge and rich practical experience in the diagnosis and prevention of the diseases occurred in a certain animal(such as pig,ox,sheep,chick,goose) or a certain crop (such as rice,wheat,cotton,melon,fruit,vegetable),and they are good at remote communication and have the ability to propose suitable diagnosis and treatment scheme as well as direct the treatment independently.

Second,the general practitioners have profound knowledge and rich practical experience in the diagnosis and prevention of the diseases occurred in a certain kind of animals(such as livestock,poultry)or a certain variety of crops (such as food crop,gardening plant,forest),and they are good at remote communication and have the ability to propose suitable diagnosis and treatment scheme as well as direct the treatment independently.

Third,the laboratorians have a good command of the laboratory detection and test techniques,are good at the analysis on animal diseases or plant disease,and can provide laboratory results for the clinicians quickly and accurately.

Fourth,pharmacists are familiar with the medicaments and prescriptions of pesticide or veterinary drugs or fishery drugs,and they are able to provide a variety of prescription choices to the clinicians.Usually,they always examine and weigh the latest medication practice and report the results to the clinicians at any time.

Doctor service mode classificationThe initial number of the doctors in the remote plant and animal hospital is 300-500,which can cover the common plants and animals in agricultural production and give consideration to all provinces,cities and districts.

According to the "contract" relationship with the hospital,the doctors can be divided into "clinical doctors"and "consulting staffs".The clinical doctor are responsible for the daily medical business,and the consulting staffs only pay a visit when the incurable diseases and important diseases happen.The number of clinical doctors and consulting staffs shall in the configuration of 4:1.

Doctor managementAll doctors in the remote plant and animal hospital are under the unified management of the head hospital in doctor’s business,and subject to the dual management of the head hospital and branch hospitals in human affairs.The improvement of business level of doctors (inservice training)and the brand building of doctors are arranged by the head hospital.

Reasonable and well-managed operating mode

Basic frameworkThe remote plant and animal hospital is divided into the head hospital and branch hospitals.The head hospital is the combination of all branch hospitals but not the single organization over the branch hospital,and the branch hospitals are the organization set according to the administrative division of all provinces,cities and districts.In other words,the head hospital is the league organization of hospital constructed in the same way in provinces,cities and districts.The key matters of remote plant and animal hospital is decided through the consultation of all branch hospitals.The head hospital and branch hospital use the same service platform,share the same resource base and announce the same diagnosis and treatment category and the same name list of doctors.

Diagnosis and treatment service subjectsThe diagnosis and treatment service subjects include two categories which are divided according to the animal hospital and plant hospital.Each category has different subordinate families,fore example,the plant hospital has food crops,oil-bearing crops,horticultural crops,economic crops,medicinal plants,economic forest and others; animal hospital has livestock,poultry,rare birds and special animals,aquatic animals and so on.Each family can be further divided into a number of majors,for example,food crops can be divided into rice,wheat,corn,sorghum,etc.,and the livestock can be divided into pig,cattle,sheep,horse,rabbit,etc.Each major is equipped with a certain number of specialist,and each family is equipped with a certain number of general practitioners.

The name list of doctors has a variety of retrieval methods to make it convenient for the use of clients.

Diagnosis and treatment service formsThe diagnosis and treatment service of the remote plant and animal hospital is divided into outpatient service,counseling service and consultation service.

Generally,the diagnosis and treatment is carried out in the local branch hospitals,which is called the outpatient service;

If a certain subject is not included in the local branch hospital,the doctors for the subject in other areas can be called to take the responsibility of diagnosis and treatment,which is the counseling service;

The consultation service includes 2 cases:one is that the visiting doctor asks for help through the platform during the diagnosis and treatment process,and the other doctors participate in the process spontaneously; the other is that the head hospital comes to organize the diagnosis and treatment according to the need.

According to the commercial mode of remote plant and animal hospital,different diagnosis and treatment service forms have different costs,and each branch hospital also has different returns.

Service platform with powerful function and smooth route

The system constructs the cloudbased multi-media resource resource base use and management platform.On the one hand,the platform provides convenient and quick resource retrieval,browse,reference,collection,annotation or download services for the ultimate users.On the other hand,the platform also provide indexing support system,user management,resource management,user access statistics image management and other functions for the administrators,making it convenient to cary out the management,maintenance and updating of the resource resource base.

Main functionsFirst,based on the in-depth indexing of resources,the system classified inquiry and full-text retrieval make it convenient for the professional users to carry out precise query,and also make it convenient for the non-professional users to carry out the keyword fuzzy query.

Second,it provides the tracking service of the queried access behaviors of users as well as the statistics of query keywords,and provides collection,annotation,uploading and other functions to the registered users.

Third,it provides the online preview and downloading services of the multi-media resources,and provides mirror image resource services for the group users.

Fourth,the system provides sophisticated user rights controlling system as well as IP restriction,and uses RSA algorithm to encrypt the resources and resource base keys to prevent the illegal access and embezzlement.

Fifth,based on the indexing rules,it establishes the indexing module,and provides the entry,automatic detection and correction functions of the indexes.

Sixth,it provides profound resource resource base management functions,including:user management; resource maintenance,backup and upgrade; mirroring image resource release,update and upgrade;all kinds of statistics and log function.

Management system construction principlesAccording to the needs of users,the development of the system should follow the flowing principles:

First,it should give full consideration to the actual demand and current network of the system as well as the actual situation of the client base hardware equipment to ensure the technical feasibility,strong practicality,good appearance and easy operation,so the system adopts cloud service and mirror server to construct the system.In other words,the retrieval,indexing,system management and other functions are on the cloud,while the resources are mirrored to the local user’s server.

Second,it ensures the advancement of the integrated solution from the aspects of implementation idea,software system,hardware equipment,development tools and compatible system.The system can carry out cross-platform deployment,and the leading end supports many devices(PC,Android tablet,iPad) and a variety of browsers to ensure that the selected main products are in the leading level,which gives full consideration to the future extension and expansion of the system.

Third,the user interface is simple,beautiful and friendly,which is easy to browse and use; the system has a high fault tolerance and robustness.The general artificial and external abnormal events will not lead to system crash; if something happens to the system,it can recover the integrity of data in short time.

Fourth,multimedia resource management system is used to manage a large number of texts,graphics,images,video,animation and video resources.Therefore,it is necessary to have a better safeguard information security to prevent illegal reading,the theft of account and data,and to realize the safety protection of copyright.

Construction Scheme of Remote Animal and Plant Hospital

To construct the remote plant and animal hospital,it should make full use of the co-builing and sharing mechanism,rely on the provincial urban counterparts or the national agricultural information and media alliance or other national community organizations.

Each participating unit is responsible for screening 10-20"doctors"from the local place,and construct the "remote plant and animal hospital branch"in the local place according to the unified construction specification of the head hospital.

The earliest participating unit in each province,city and district is the only leading unit of the local remote plant and animal hospital,and all later participating organizations are served as the"cooperative unit",even the cooperative unit is far too stronger than the leading unit in strength.

The gathering of the branch hospitals in all provinces,cities and districts composes the "head remote plant and animal hospital".

The head hospital can carry out the commercial registration or affiliation to other organizations by itself.

The persons in charge in each branch hospital compose the leading organ of the head hospital,which is called the board or council or the joint meeting organization.An affair management group is set under its charge to deal with the daily affairs and coordinate the branch hospitals.The affair management group should have better toops and simpler administration,make full use of the service routes fo the multi-media times,and operate the head hospital efficiently with limited cost.If possible,it should encourage the branch hospitals that have strong strength and good basic conditions to take on (act on the behalf)some services of the head hospital.

The leading organ of the head hospital should hold at least one working conference each year.

The head hospital and branch hospitals should carry out services according to the confirmed commercial mode.

The head hospital is responsible to coordinate the professional allocation ratios of the doctors of the whole hospital.

Remote Plant and Animal Hospital Service Mode

The remote plant and animal hospital adopts the remote service in cloud platform.There are multi-media medical case resource base,branch directory as well as diagnosis and treatment subjects,name list of all doctors and expertise introduction in the cloud platform.The multi-media medical case resource base is only accessible to the"doctor"and"member",and the branch directory as well as diagnosis and treatment subjects and expertise introduction is accessible to the whole society.

The service objects of the remote plant and animal hospital are divided into "members" and "temporary social visitor seeking medical treatment".Members can be individuals or work units,and after paying an annual fee,the members can enjoy all services of the hospital,so members are the key service objects of hospital.Temporary social visitor seeking medical treatment needs to pay corresponding medical fees each time according to the medical subjects,and the hospital should try its best to make the temporary social visitors seeking medical treatment become members.

Both the members and temporary social visitors seeking medical treatment should first inform the needs to the local branch hospital in the way of outpatient service.If the needed medical service is not included in the branch hospital,the counseling service mode can be adopted to invite the experts in different branch hospitals,otherwise,all medical services should be done in the local branch hospital.In addition to the special requirements of customers,consultation service should be proposed by the doctors of the local hospital,and coordinated and organized by the head hospital.

All branch hospitals should carry out the services according to the confirmed medical standards of all branch hospitals gathered by the head hospital.No matter the real-time medical visit or the delayed medical visit,the current diagnosis and treatment service should be completed within 2 working days.If consultation is needed,the medical service can be further extended by one more working day.

In the cloud platform,the service status of the head hospital and branch hospitals is disclosed regularly inside.

Each diagnosis and treatment scheme of all branch hospitals are shared in the cloud platform,and filed in the head hospital.The head hospital is responsible for arranging persons to sum up and sort out as well as timely enrich the resource base.

The head hospital will continue to carry out value-added services,and the specific contents and implementation plan is otherwise negotiated by the persons in charge in the head hospital and branch hospitals.

Commercial Mode of Remote Plant and Animal Hospital

The basic commercial mode of remote plant and animal hospital is based on the hospital mainly composed by the doctors and multi-media medical case resource base,and operated in the following 3 ways;

First,the cloud platform is used to carry out the diagnosis and treatment service to get the returns,and the service modes are mainly in the 2 ways of "members" and "temporary social visitors seeking medical treatment".

Second,returns are mainly obtained through spreading,which has 2 ways.One is through the cloud platform to directly or indirectly get the benefits based on the rate of flow or click rate from the mobile terminals and computer terminals.The other is using visible carriers like selling publications,mobile terminal equipped with medical case resources to get the benefits.

Third,based on the remote plant and animal hospital,the co-building and sharing unit can declare all kinds of scientific research projects to get project funding(Fig.2).

For the first and second ways,the co-building and sharing unit allocate the benefits according to the contributions of the co-building and sharing unit after deducting the comprehensive costs in the diagnosis and treatment as well as spreading income of the hospital (develop a rule to calculate the contribution).

As for the third way,the project declaring unit and other co-building and sharing unit should discuss the rights and responsibilities in advance.

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