讓公務(wù)機(jī)為企業(yè)賺錢？

除了抵稅、廣告價值等收益，作為營運工具，公務(wù)機(jī)為企業(yè)創(chuàng)收的方式其實很簡單：企業(yè)在其公務(wù)機(jī)使用間隙的閑置階段，將它租賃給有資質(zhì)的運營公司開展包機(jī)經(jīng)營。這能為企業(yè)帶來不菲的租金收益，一旦企業(yè)與運營公司配合夠默契，公務(wù)機(jī)不僅不會讓企業(yè)燒錢，它還能為企業(yè)創(chuàng)收。

中型公務(wù)機(jī)的成本優(yōu)勢

顯而易見，飛機(jī)越大，企業(yè)購買它、使用它的成本就越高。從使用成本的角度來看，大型公務(wù)機(jī)與中、輕型公務(wù)機(jī)的差別非常大。企業(yè)在購買公務(wù)機(jī)時，首先考慮的自然是自身使用需求，如果購機(jī)目的就是經(jīng)常直飛西歐，那么可以優(yōu)先考慮選購超遠(yuǎn)程公務(wù)機(jī)。如果主要在國內(nèi)飛，并且希望盡可能提高公務(wù)機(jī)使用效率，降低使用成本，那么中、輕型公務(wù)機(jī)無疑是首選。

以北美地區(qū)為例，因為航班安檢時間過長、許多城市之間沒有直達(dá)航班等因素，多數(shù)美國企業(yè)都會優(yōu)先選擇中型公務(wù)機(jī)。它們能夠便利地將企業(yè)管理人員從北美地區(qū)的一座城市帶到另一座城市。如果他們選用超大型公務(wù)機(jī)，等待他們的只能是燒錢。

以超大型公務(wù)機(jī)中的灣流G550為例，不僅購機(jī)價格高達(dá)5000萬美元左右，每小時運營成本也高達(dá)4500美元左右，而像獎狀君主（C-S）、賽斯納獎狀XLS+這樣的中型公務(wù)機(jī)，售價分別為1850萬美元和1300萬美元， 每小時飛行成本（含機(jī)組補貼）約為1800美元和1500美元，搭載乘客的數(shù)量分別為9人和7人（對于一般企業(yè)核心管理團(tuán)隊出行，這個載客量已經(jīng)足夠了），而且這兩款公務(wù)機(jī)內(nèi)飾同樣稱得上舒適。在這種時候，一家業(yè)務(wù)主要在北美地區(qū)的美國公司，無疑會優(yōu)先選擇這兩款中型公務(wù)機(jī)。

再看獎狀君主（C-S）、獎狀XLS+的年固定成本。在美國，算上年度保險費用、機(jī)組成員工資、托管費用等成本，這兩款飛機(jī)的年固定成本大約為40萬美元和34萬美元。如果按照每年飛行600小時計算，其年度運營成本約為148萬美元和124萬美元。相比之下，有報道稱國內(nèi)富豪的灣流G550每年的運營成本高達(dá)3000多萬元人民幣，這兩款中型公務(wù)機(jī)的運營成本或許還不及其四分之一。對于企業(yè)核心管理團(tuán)隊出行，這兩款中型飛機(jī)以超大型公務(wù)機(jī)四分之一的成本，完成了基本相同的工作。

在中國，企業(yè)公務(wù)機(jī)的年飛行小時總數(shù)通常在200小時左右。以200小時計算，獎狀君主（C-S）一年的運營成本大約76萬美元，而獎狀XLS+大約為64萬美元。如果企業(yè)能夠?qū)㈤e置的運力租賃給運營商進(jìn)行包機(jī)服務(wù)，所得收益就能夠進(jìn)一步抵扣公務(wù)機(jī)運營成本。那時你會發(fā)現(xiàn)只要選機(jī)得當(dāng)、運營得當(dāng)，公務(wù)機(jī)真的不燒錢。

飛多少小時才能賺錢

中國企業(yè)的公務(wù)機(jī)每年飛200小時，相對于大型航班飛機(jī)每年3000小時的飛行量，這些同樣耐用的公務(wù)機(jī)實在是閑置浪費。這就好像你的私家車每年只跑2000公里一樣，大多數(shù)時間都停在車庫里。

如果在本企業(yè)不使用的時間段，讓代管方將企業(yè)的公務(wù)機(jī)用作包機(jī)經(jīng)營，這究竟能夠產(chǎn)生多大的利潤呢？

如果年景好，一架公務(wù)機(jī)年包機(jī)運營飛行小時數(shù)可以達(dá)到700多。在此，我們僅以較低的200、300、400為年度經(jīng)營飛行小時參考數(shù)，即可清楚出租賃運營能給企業(yè)帶來多大利益。

如果一家企業(yè)擁有一架獎狀君主（C-S），每年飛行小時數(shù)為400，若其中200小時是該公司將飛機(jī)租給運營商開展包機(jī)業(yè)務(wù)，以每小時4500美元的包機(jī)價格計算。此時，這架公務(wù)機(jī)通過當(dāng)年包機(jī)服務(wù)可以創(chuàng)造約70萬美元的利潤（此處和以下利潤都已減去了該公務(wù)機(jī)的固定成本、飛行成本）。

若該公務(wù)機(jī)年飛行小時數(shù)為500，其中300小時是租賃包機(jī)飛行，則這架公務(wù)機(jī)當(dāng)年包機(jī)服務(wù)創(chuàng)造的利潤約為96萬美元。若年飛行小時數(shù)為600，其中400小時是租賃包機(jī)飛行，利潤則達(dá)到123萬美元。

以上這些利潤是公務(wù)機(jī)所有者與包機(jī)公司共同創(chuàng)造的，假設(shè)飛機(jī)所屬企業(yè)分得包機(jī)利潤的30%，那么每年包機(jī)運營200小時其利潤為21萬美元，運營300小時其利潤為28.8萬美元，運營400小時其利潤為36.9萬美元。

一架獎狀君主（C-S），購機(jī)成本為1850萬美元。如果使用10年，每年有400小時為包機(jī)運營時間（這些飛行時間可以大量分?jǐn)偲髽I(yè)自用飛機(jī)時的固定成本），一共可獲利369萬美元；抵扣企業(yè)所得稅約為405萬美元；10年后在二手機(jī)市場上若能以出廠價的50%，即925萬成交；額外算上10年來上百萬的廣告價值，這樣計算下來，這架公務(wù)機(jī)的使用成本是非常低的。如果在包機(jī)運營時間更高，廣告利用更加高效，這架飛機(jī)不僅不少錢，完全有可能在提高企業(yè)運營效率、團(tuán)隊凝聚力之外，為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造真金白銀的創(chuàng)造利潤！

What other means could be adopted to make money with a business jet？ A company could rent its idle time to a certified charter operator so it could create more value for the company， further reducing its operating cost.

Cost Advantage of Medium-sized Business Jet

The bigger the size， the higher the cost. This is true for both the purchase cost and the operating cost of business jets. If operating revenue is a major consideration， then a company should first look at its own needs. In North America where most cities have no direct flights due to the long time needed at security check， major U.S. business choose to purchase medium-sized business jets. A super large Gulfstream G550， for example， is priced at 50 million USD with an operating cost of 4，500USD per hour. While a medium-sized jet like Citation XLS+ is priced at about 1/4 of G550 with an operating cost only 1/3 of G550. A Citation XLS+ could seat 7 passengers， big enough to accommodate the core leadership team of most companies.

Take two medium-sized business jet， Citation Sovereign C-S and Citation XLS， for example. Citation C-S has a range of 5，272 km， enough to cover China and neighboring countries. Citation XLS has a range of 3，441 that could travel between China and Southeast Asia. Their interiors may not be as sumptuous as G550 or Global Express 6000， but still comfortable. The two jets could seat 9 and 7 passengers respectively， big enough for most companies.

Priced at 18.5 million USD and 13 million USD， with a hourly operating cost， including crew allowances， of 1，800 USD and 1，500 USD respectively， the two jets are much less costly than G550， Global Express 6000， and Dassault Falcon 7X.

The fixed cost of the two jets， if operating in the U.S.， including insurance， crew salary， and management， is 400，000 USD and 340，000 USD respectively. With a 600-hour annual utilization， their operating cost would be USD 1.45 million and USD 1.25 million， about 1/4 of super large business jets like G550， but similarly efficient. Understandably， most U.S. companies prefer medium-sized business jets.

The business jets owned by Chinese companies mostly fly around 200 hours a year. With Citation C-S and XLS+， the annual operating cost would be 750，000 USD and 650，000 USD respectively， but their annual depreciation could be 578，000 USD and 406，000 USD respectively. In summary， the operating cost of business jets could be reduced to a very low level in business operations.

How to Make Extra Money with Business Jet

The business jets of Chinese companies fly only 200 hours a year， significantly lower than the average 3，000 hour utilization of large business jets. All the time on the ground is totally wasted. It is like you own a luxury car but only drive 2，000 Km a year.

If companies could entrust the idle time to a charter operator， the business jets could generate revenue for both charter operators and the jet owners. But is this revenue appealing enough to both parties？

The lower the flight hour cost， the bigger the gap with market charter price， the higher revenue for the business jet owner. Flight hour cost equals to direct flight hour cost plus hourly fixed cost. The direct cost could not be changed because it is market based， but the hourly fixed cost could be reduced by increasing flight hours. It is safe to say that increasing flight hours is the only effective way to reduce hourly cost and increase revenue.

The question is how to balance corporate use and charter use as there are much uncertainty involved. Sometimes both the company and the charter operator need the aircraft. Other times， no one needs the aircraft. Timing， maintenance， the availability of the pilot， or ATC control could all affect aircraft utilization. The charter market， the attitude of both parties and the close coordination between the jet owner and the charter operator may affect the performance of the aircraft. The answer lies in the market.

Given ideal conditions， in a good year， a charter aircraft could operator 700 flight hours a year. For the purpose of analysis， we will consider situations where a business jet operates 400， 500， 600， and 700 flight hours a year respectively.

If a U.S. company owns a Citation Sovereign C-S and operates it 400 hours a year， 200 of which are leased to a charter operator. The charter service could generate a profit of 700，000 USD （excluding fixed cost and flight cost） to be shared between the company and the charter operator. In the end， the cost to the company for operating the aircraft in this year is only 750，000 USD.

If this business jets operates 600 flight hours a year， with half of its time leased to charter. The jet could create 1.2 million USD in profit. With the shared profit， the business jet owing company could greatly lower aircraft operating cost. With the extra benefit of tax avoidance and advertising effect， business jet could add value to the company.