觀異曲同工之妙，賞殊途同歸之效
——2018年高考英語相似考點例析

四川

筆者細心研究2018年的9套高考試卷（2017年11月浙江卷、天津3月卷、全國卷Ⅰ、全國卷Ⅱ、全國卷Ⅲ、浙江卷、北京卷、天津卷和江蘇卷），竟然發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的試卷都不約而同地考查了許多相似的考點，甚至有的考題幾乎如出一轍，格式相同、形式相同、內容相似?，F(xiàn)根據(jù)全國卷題型，筆者從中采擷33組考題予以對照分析，供廣大師生參考。

一、在語法填空和短文改錯中的考查

1.相似考點1——名詞復數(shù)形式

① You wouldn’t think that a few 58 （month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life...(2017年 11月浙江卷 )

② Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).( 全國卷Ⅰ )

③ Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.(全國卷Ⅰ )

④ After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.(全國卷Ⅱ )

⑤ The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.(全國卷Ⅲ )

⑥ Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.(浙江卷 )

【答案】①months；②causes；③chicken→chickens；④ sort→ sorts；⑤ mistake → mistakes；⑥ dishes。

2.相似考點2——形容詞性物主代詞

① Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and 64 (they) use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words learned this way in conversations almost automatically.(2017年 11月浙江卷 )

② I had done myself homework, but I was shy.(全國卷Ⅲ)

【答案】① their；② myself → my/the。

3.相似考點3——it的用法

① If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.(全國卷Ⅰ )

② Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out.(浙江卷 )

【答案】①it/running；②it。

4.相似考點4——不定冠詞

① Like many things in life, it’s 56 ongoing process,and the best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement, which means you’ll just keep getting better and better.(2017年 11月浙江卷 )

② As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me.(全國卷Ⅱ )

【答案】①an；②the→a。

5.相似考點5——定冠詞

① During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.(全國卷Ⅰ )

② Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.(全國卷Ⅱ)

③ Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs.(全國卷Ⅲ )

【答案】①countryside前加the；②the；③the。

6.相似考點6——形容詞作定語修飾名詞

① One of the 60 (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books.(2017 年 11 月浙江卷 )

② According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe) fertilizer consumption.( 全國卷Ⅱ)

③ I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.(全國卷Ⅲ )

【答案】①effective；②global；③larger →large。

7.相似考點7——連系動詞后接形容詞作表語

① Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy).(全國卷Ⅰ)

② I felt happily that their life had improved.(全國卷Ⅰ )

③ The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 62 (afford) but doing this most days adds up.(浙江卷)

【答案】①energetic；②happily →happy；③affordable。

8.相似考點8——副詞的修飾作用

① You need to 61 (real) read at least one good book a week, preferably a classic.(2017 年 11 月浙江卷 )

② A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.(全國卷Ⅱ )

③ Immediate, I raised my hand.(全國卷Ⅲ )

【答案】①really；②actually；③Immediate →Immediately。

9.相似考點9——動名詞作賓語

① You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.(全國卷Ⅰ )

② My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.(全國卷Ⅰ )

③ I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.(全國卷Ⅲ)

④ I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.(浙江卷 )

【答案】① dying；② sell → selling；③ looking；④visiting。

10.相似考點10——動詞不定式作目的狀語

① You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit.(全國卷Ⅰ )

② The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality.(全國卷Ⅱ )

【答案】① to see；② to improve。

11.相似考點11——while + doing結構

① This isn’t as hard as it sounds, and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while 63 (read) an interesting piece of literature.(2017 年 11 月浙江卷)

② China’s approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.(全國卷Ⅱ )

【答案】①reading；②feeding。

12.相似考點12——介詞for的用法

① You wouldn’t think that a few months of exercise in your teens would be enough 59 the rest of your life, and that’s also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.(2017 年 11 月浙江卷 )

② I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.(全國卷Ⅲ )

③ If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 65 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.(浙江卷 )

【答案】①for；②for；③for。

13.相似考點13——由介詞than引出比較對象

① While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it is more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming.(全國卷Ⅰ )

② Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥 ) runoff.(全國卷Ⅱ )

【答案】①than；②than。

14.相似考點14——一般過去時態(tài)

① During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there.(全國卷Ⅰ )

② The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.(全國卷Ⅱ)

③ I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.(全國卷Ⅱ )

④ When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive.True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 (mean) me no real harm.(全國卷Ⅲ)

【答案】①find →found；②started；③are →were；④meant。

15.相似考點15——主謂一致

① This isn’t as hard as it 62 (sound), and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while reading an interesting piece of literature.(2017年11月浙江卷)

② While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.(全國卷Ⅰ )

③ The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.(全國卷Ⅲ )

【答案】①sounds；②is；③include→includes。

16.相似考點16——由關系代詞引導的定語從句

① Like many things in life, it’s an ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement, 57 means you’ll just keep getting better and better.(2017年11月浙江卷)

② Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(全國卷Ⅰ )

③ The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government started a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers —and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.(全國卷Ⅱ )

④ Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.(浙江卷 )

【答案】①which；②that/which；③that/which；④who/that。

二、在完形填空中的考查

17.相似考點17——相同動詞change

① Last September, however, that all 20 .(2018 年 3月天津卷)

A.disappeared B.returned C.developed D.changed

② When I got into college, things 40 .(浙江卷 )

A. happened B.repeated C.changed D.mattered

【答案】①D；②C。

18.相似考點18——相同副詞even

① I 34 read my poetry out loud at a reading club.(2018年3月天津卷)

A.even B.still C.only D.seldom

② All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 17 more remarkable.(北京卷 )

A.still B.even C.ever D.once

【答案】①A；②B。

19.相似考點19——考查動詞excite及其名詞形式excitement

① And, even if I weren’t 43 enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me.(全國卷Ⅰ)

A.excited B.worried C.moved D.tired

② In her 48 , she didn’t seem to realize that she was sharing the baby’s photos with a complete stranger.(全國卷Ⅲ )

A.opinion B.anxiety C.excitement D.effort

【答案】①A；②C。

20.相似考點20——相同動詞know

① “What’s his name?” I asked the instructor.“Ben,”he replied, and immediately I 54 .That stranger was my son! (全國卷Ⅱ )

A.agreed B.hesitated C.doubted D.knew

②“Well, I don’t 50 you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,” replied Dennis before asking which room the new parents were in.(全國卷Ⅲ )

A.accept B.know

C.believe D.bother

①D；②B。

21.相似考點21——相同動詞leave

① Fortunately, after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to 56 and later the family met up for dinner.(全國卷Ⅱ )

A.return B.relax C.speak D.leave

② He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 22 a note behind to let the owner know it was safe.(北京卷)

A.taking B.leaving C.reading D.writing

【答案】①D；②B。

22.相似考點22——相同動詞meet

① Guy Harvold, 24, had picked up the students and three course leaders from Gatwick airport, and they were travelling to Bourmemouth to 38 their host families.(2017 年 11 月浙江卷)

A.greet B.thank C.invite D.meet

② I could hardly wait to 47 him.(全國卷Ⅰ )

A.interview B.meet C.challenge D.beat

③ I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to 44 .(全國卷Ⅱ )

A.talk B.stay C.meet D.settle

④ One day I 46 a former classmate of mine who was making a lot of money running a sideline (副業(yè) ).(浙江卷 )

A.met B.helped C.treated D.hired

【答案】①D；②B；③C；④A。

23.相似考點23——相同動詞pass

① Harvold, who has not 41 his driving test, said, “I realized the bus was out of control when I was speaking to the students.”(2017年11月浙江卷)

A.given B.marked C.passed D.conducted

② In order to 50 the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives.(全國卷Ⅰ )

A.attend B.pass C.skip D.observe

【答案】①C；②B。

24.相似考點24——相同動詞post

① Teresa 56 a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website accompanied by the touching words:“What a blessing this young man was to our family! He was so sweet and kind to do this.” (全國卷Ⅲ )

A.found B.selected C.developed D.posted

② He also won praise from social media users after Mr.Anderson 31 about the act of kindness on Facebook.(北京卷)

A.learned B.posted C.cared D.heard

【答案】①D；②B。

25.相似考點25——相同動詞remember

① I 22 listening to others read their work and thinking: “That will never be me.”(2018 年 3 月天津卷 )

A.regret B.consider C.imagine D.remember

② I 37 back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also played a team sport.(浙江卷 )

A.remember B.admit C.understand D.expect

【答案】①D；②A。

26.相似考點26——相同動詞save

① I jumped at the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars? (全國卷Ⅰ )

A.waste B.earn C.save D.pay

②“I just want to say thank you,” he said.“You 58 my life!” (全國卷Ⅱ )

A.created B.honored C.saved D.guided

【答案】①C；②C。

27.相似考點27——相同動詞shake

① I could hear it 29 as I read, and I could hear every stutter（結巴）and mistake.(2018 年 3 月天津卷 )

A.shaking B.singing C.shouting D.deepening

② He was 50 violently.(全國卷Ⅱ )

A.arguing B.fighting

C.shouting D.shaking

【答案】①A；②D。

三、在聽力中的考查

2018年高考共有3套聽力試題，即2017年11月浙江卷、全國卷Ⅰ(江蘇卷、浙江卷同)和全國卷Ⅱ(全國卷Ⅲ同 )。

四、啟示

1.抓基礎語法

從上述考題可以看出，高考考查的都是很基礎的語法知識，比如說名詞復數(shù)、冠詞、副詞的修飾作用、一般過去時、主謂一致、關系代詞等。因此，在學生備考的過程中，教師要指導學生復習考綱中所列的全部語法項目，幫助學生掌握基本概念，把握最常用的語法要點，讓學生經過反復練習達到運用自如。

2.抓基本詞匯

(1)對于考綱中所列的單詞，學生不僅要背誦其含義和拼寫，還要掌握其基本的詞形變換。

(2)教師還要有意識地幫助學生總結一些完形填空中常考的單詞，以增強備考的有效性。上述第二部分考題中的單詞也是完形填空考題中的“?？汀?，比方說change共考查24次、even共考查22次、excite共考查17次、know共考查16次、leave共考查31次、meet共考查14次、pass共考查10次、remember共考查12次、save共考查8次等。

3.重視11月浙江卷和3月天津卷

在上述考題中，11月浙江考卷與夏季高考卷的相似考題多達19處，若加上單項填空，相似考題則高達26處。高考結束之后，考試中心會總結試卷的得與失，從總結中得出的一些命題理念就會在11月浙江考卷中有所體現(xiàn)，故而研究它們就顯得尤為重要。