關(guān)于補(bǔ)全對(duì)話的對(duì)話

徐啟富

問(wèn)：為什么考查補(bǔ)全對(duì)話？

答：補(bǔ)全對(duì)話是英語(yǔ)考試常見(jiàn)題型之一，也是全國(guó)各地中考命題使用較多的一個(gè)題型。在題干表述上有的叫補(bǔ)全對(duì)話，有的叫口語(yǔ)/情景交際，還有的叫交際運(yùn)用等。該題型主要考查考生在特定的語(yǔ)境中比較得體地表達(dá)自己的連貫意思的能力，是以筆試的形式考查考生英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)交際能力，目的是為了彌補(bǔ)無(wú)法進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一口試的不足。

問(wèn)：補(bǔ)全對(duì)話有什么特點(diǎn)？

答：補(bǔ)全對(duì)話的特點(diǎn)是注重交際應(yīng)用，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)交際對(duì)話的整體理解。從所給分值看，一般是10～15分，權(quán)重約占整個(gè)試卷8%～10%；從語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)上看，比較突出口語(yǔ)化，充分反映了語(yǔ)言的靈活性。從內(nèi)容選材上看，篇幅短小，100詞左右。一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)生詞。從命題形式上看，有選擇題和非選擇題兩種。常見(jiàn)的題型有：1.選擇題：選單詞補(bǔ)全對(duì)話、選句子補(bǔ)全對(duì)話、對(duì)話排序等。2.非選擇題：填單詞補(bǔ)全對(duì)話、寫(xiě)句子補(bǔ)全對(duì)話等。從發(fā)展趨勢(shì)上看，非選擇題表現(xiàn)形式居多。

問(wèn)：補(bǔ)全對(duì)話考什么？

答：補(bǔ)全對(duì)話涉及的題材廣泛，注重實(shí)用性。它不僅考查交際能力，而且突出了對(duì)詞匯、語(yǔ)法等語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的檢測(cè)。從語(yǔ)言功能方面看，近年來(lái)的補(bǔ)全對(duì)話考得比較多的是：?jiǎn)柡?，介紹，告別，感謝（及應(yīng)答），祝愿（及應(yīng)答），表示道歉和遺憾（及應(yīng)答），邀請(qǐng)（及應(yīng)答），提出幫助（及應(yīng)答），約會(huì)，表示意愿和希望，提出請(qǐng)求（及應(yīng)答），表示同意或不同意，表示喜好和厭惡，表示決斷和堅(jiān)持，表示判斷和意見(jiàn)，表示肯定和不肯定，禁止和警告，表示看法、勸告和建議，許諾，表示焦慮、驚奇和喜悅，談?wù)撎鞖?，?gòu)物，問(wèn)路（及應(yīng)答），詢問(wèn)時(shí)間和日期（及應(yīng)答），就餐，打電話，看病，求救，學(xué)習(xí)方法及日常生活等等。

示例一：（2013年南京卷）

根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，從下面方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語(yǔ)填空，使對(duì)話內(nèi)容完整正確，并將答案填寫(xiě)在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為57～61的相應(yīng)位置上。

thousands of, hopeless, turning off, so, what

A:Hey! I met a student from a green school in Dalian.

B: A green school? 57 is it?

A:It is a school which supports the protection of the environment. In fact, there are 58green schools in China. Its wasteful to throw away glass, paper and metal, 59 every class in such schools collects waste that can be used again and then sells it for recycling（再利用）.

B:Great! What else do they do?

A:They also save energy and tricycle things at home, such as 60 lights and saving water.

B:If everyone tries to protect the environment, we will make the world much better.

A:I agree. If we dont, the future is 61.

B:Anyway, public concern over the environment has greatly increased. There is hope for the future.

本題要求選擇所給單詞或短語(yǔ)填空，而且是等額選擇，不要求做任何變化，屬于最簡(jiǎn)單的要求。答案是：57. What58. thousands of59. so60. turning off61. hopeless

示例二：（2013年蘭州卷）

閱讀下面的對(duì)話，根據(jù)上下文，從方框內(nèi)選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。（有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)）

A.I often go to Shanghai on business.

B.Would you mind telling me what you come here for?

C.May I ask you some questions?

D.Have a great time.

E.How will you do that?

F.When did you arrive in Lanzhou?

G.Where do you come from?

A:Excuse me, I am a reporter from a student magazine. 81

B:Sure, please.

A:82

B:I am from Germany.

A:83

B:I got here the day before yesterday.

A:How do you like Lanzhou?

B:I like your city very much. The people here are very friendly. But Im still not used to the weather here. I have a sore throat today.

A:The weather in Lanzhou is kind of dry. Drinking more water can make you feel better.

B: Thanks for your suggestion.

A: 84

B:Of course not. I come here for watching Lanzhou International Marathon. And then Im planning to go to Dunhuang for a tour.

A:Great. Thank you for answering my questions. 85

B:Thank you.

這是一個(gè)差額選擇題，也是目前采用比較多的一種形式。比“示例一”的難度和靈活度都要大一些。答案是：81. C82. G83. F84. B85. D

示例三：（2012年成都卷）

看圖填空，一空一詞（含縮寫(xiě)詞）。

81. What time is it now?

Itsoclock in the .

82. Hows the weather?

aday.

83. Where are these people?

They are at a.

84. Is the place in the picture a busy and crowded one?

No, it , because onlypersons are there.

85. What do you think they are doing?

I think they are a bus.

看圖補(bǔ)全對(duì)話具有形象、直觀等特點(diǎn)，融語(yǔ)言能力和觀察力考查為一體。答案是：81. ten; morning82. Its; sunny/ fine83. bus; stop84. isnt; three85. waiting; for

示例四：（2013年長(zhǎng)沙卷）

通讀下面的對(duì)話，根據(jù)上下文補(bǔ)全對(duì)話內(nèi)容。

A: Hello, Betty. What did you do last summer vacation?

B: I visited my uncle.

A:66?

B: He lives in Dalian, a beautiful city.

A:67?

B: I stayed there for a week. 68?

A: No, I havent. But Im going to spend a holiday there.

B: Youd better go to Dalian in summer. So you can enjoy swimming in the sea.

A:69. I will go there this summer vacation.

B:70?

A: By plane.

這是個(gè)放在寫(xiě)作技能中的補(bǔ)全對(duì)話題，要求根據(jù)上下文填寫(xiě)句子，很顯然對(duì)于語(yǔ)言能力要求較高。答案是：66. Where does he live67. How long did you stay there68. Have you been to Dalian69. Thats a good idea / I think so / That sounds great / I agree with you70. How will you get/ go there

問(wèn)：做好補(bǔ)全對(duì)話需要注意哪些問(wèn)題？

答：做補(bǔ)全對(duì)話題時(shí)，必須堅(jiān)持從整體到局部的原則，先通讀全文和中文提示，掌握大意，然后根據(jù)上下文逐一分析對(duì)話中空缺部分。由于所空缺部分的語(yǔ)境不同，所以應(yīng)該選擇或補(bǔ)寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容從形式到內(nèi)容差別很大。這就要求在具備必要的詞匯、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的同時(shí)，還要熟悉英語(yǔ)中有關(guān)的表達(dá)方式，并能靈活應(yīng)用。初步做完之后一定要復(fù)讀全文，對(duì)照中文提示，核對(duì)答案是否正確。下面的方法不妨一試：

1. 理順關(guān)系?？焖偈煜?duì)話內(nèi)容，根據(jù)對(duì)話所給的信息迅速揣測(cè)和判斷對(duì)話情境、雙方身份、談話內(nèi)容及雙方關(guān)系，理解通篇大意。

2. 初定答案。了解對(duì)話發(fā)生的情景后，要在頭腦中迅速回憶起相關(guān)的習(xí)慣表達(dá)，這時(shí)可開(kāi)始答題。答題時(shí)應(yīng)注意理順上下文的關(guān)系，利用已知信息推斷出正確答案。從有把握的答案開(kāi)始，沒(méi)把握的暫時(shí)放下。尤其要注意上下文所提供的有效信息，根據(jù)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，如問(wèn)號(hào)、句號(hào)、感嘆號(hào)、省略號(hào)等所給的啟示初定答案。

3. 正確書(shū)寫(xiě)。寫(xiě)出答案不難，但要寫(xiě)出準(zhǔn)確的答案卻比較難。答題時(shí)應(yīng)注意單詞的正確拼寫(xiě)、時(shí)態(tài)的正確運(yùn)用以及句子的習(xí)慣表達(dá)等。書(shū)寫(xiě)應(yīng)工整規(guī)范。如果是選擇題就方便多了，從有把握的開(kāi)始選，剩下的答案越選越清楚，水落石出，難題也就成簡(jiǎn)單題了。由于越來(lái)越多省市的中考補(bǔ)全對(duì)話題采用“非選擇式”題型。這就要求平時(shí)養(yǎng)成動(dòng)手書(shū)寫(xiě)的習(xí)慣。多練習(xí)，多書(shū)寫(xiě)才能寫(xiě)出合乎英美表達(dá)習(xí)慣的短語(yǔ)和句子。

4. 大膽嘗試。

5. 仔細(xì)檢查。

示例五：（2013年南昌卷）

請(qǐng)閱讀下面對(duì)話，從方框內(nèi)7個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇5個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)木渥油瓿蓪?duì)話，其中有兩個(gè)句子是多余的。

A. Why dont you ask some companies to support

the zoo?

B. The government needs tourists support.

C. I understand that but we need to find a different solution.

D. Its also an important place for animal protection.

E. We will put more advertisements on TV.

F. There simply arent enough tourists going to it.

G. And the zoo is part of the city.

Z=Zoo manager, C=City government

Z: What about giving us more money?

C: Im sorry, but the government doesnt have any more money for the zoo.

Z: But if we dont find a solution soon, then well have to close it. 51.Its a tourist attraction.

C: Yes, but thats the point. 52. Youre going to have to find the money from somewhere else.

Z: 53. Some of these animals are endangered. If we didnt have zoos, they would

die.

C: 54. What if you advertised（做廣告）the zoo more? In the newspaper or on the radio, for example.

Z: But if we dont have any money, we cant advertise.

C: 55.

Z: Actually, that isnt a bad idea. You might be right!

C: I have the names of some company managers you could meet…

這是一個(gè)差額選擇題。答案是：51～55 GFDCA

示例六：（2013年福州卷）

用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語(yǔ)填空，完成對(duì)話。每空一詞。

W: Excuse me, is there a bookstore around here?

M: Yes. There is 101. on Zhongshan Road. Its between the parking lot and the supermarket.

W: How 102. is it from here?

M: About thirty minutes walk. You can 103. the No. 14 bus there.

W: Thank you. By the way, 104. the bus stop?

M: Its at the end of this street. You cant 105. it.

W: Thanks for your help.

M: Youre welcome.

答案：101. one102. far103. take104. wheres105. miss

示例七：（2013年河南卷）

根據(jù)下面的對(duì)話情景，在每個(gè)空白處填上一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)木渥?，使?duì)話的意思連貫、完整。

A: Hi, Tony! What are you doing here?

B: Hi, Judy! Im reading about travelling.

A: About travelling? 76. ?

B: Yes, Im planning to travel during my summer vacation. Summer is the perfect time for fun and Id like to stay cool in the hot weather.

A: Thatll be fun! 77. ?

B: Not yet. Im looking for a place Ive never been to. Any suggestions?

A: 78. . Its quite cool there in summer. Im sure you will like that place because there are many fun activities. And the food there is also special.

B: 79. . Thanks for your suggestion. Whats your plan for the summer vacation?

A: I will stay at home. 80. .

But please tell me about your vacation after you come back.

B: No problem.

答案：76. Are you planning （for） your/ the summer vacation

Are you planning/ Do you plan to travel/ go travel（l）ing

Do you have any plans for the summer vacation

…

77. Have you decided/ made up your mind/ found out where to go/ visit

Have you decided on the place

…

78. I think you can go to…

I suggest （that） you go to/ I suggest your going to…

My suggestion is that you go to…

You may/ can go to…

…

79. Thats a good/ great idea/ Thats great/ good

It sounds/ Sounds good/ great

（Then） I will go to…

Ill think about it

…

80. Ill help my father with his business/ …

Ill help my mother with the housework/ …

Ill do my homework/ …

示例八：（2013年陜西卷）

根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，將方框內(nèi)符合對(duì)話語(yǔ)境的句子抄寫(xiě)在對(duì)話空白處，使對(duì)話恢復(fù)完整，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)是多余的。

（Ted and Bob are having breakfast.）

Ted: Hi, Bob! Eating fried chicken?

76.

Bob: Eggs and milk? I dont want to have them every day. 77.

Ted: But dont have too much unhealthy food. 78.

Bob: OK, I wont. By the way, I find some students throw away eggs and milk.

Ted: Thats too bad. 79.

Bob: Yes. But what do you think we can

do?

Ted: 80.

Bob: Lets have a try, then we may have different kinds of food every day.

Its bad for your health.

Its delicious.

How about asking our teacher to stop it?

Can we do something to stop it?

I want something delicious.

Arent the eggs and the milk enough?

Why not advise our school to prepare different kinds of food?

答案：76.Arent the eggs and milk enough?

77.I want something delicious.

78.Its bad for your health.

79.Can we do something to stop it?

80.Why not advise our school to prepare different kinds of food?

示例九：（2013年陜西卷）

根據(jù)下面對(duì)話中的情境，在每個(gè)空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)句，使對(duì)話恢復(fù)完整。

A: Nick, are you busy now?

B: No. 81.

A: I need your help. Im planning for tomorrows Chinese class. Can we talk about it?

B: You mean the activity of “Spring in my eyes”?

A: Yes. What are you going to do?

B: Er… 82.

A: Sing a song? Whats the name of the song?

B: In Spring. 83.

A: I dont know. 84.

B: Let me see. You like drawing. I think you

can draw a picture about spring.

A: 85. Ill do that tomorrow.

答案：81. Whats the matter?/ Whats up?/ Why?/ Why are you asking?

82. Ill sing a song/ Im going to sing a song/ I can sing a song/ Id like to sing a song/ I want to sing a song.

83. What/ How about you/ What are you going to do/ What will you do?

84. Can/ Could/ Would you give me some advice?/ Can/ Could/ Would you give some advice to me/ Do you have any advice/ suggestions/ good ideas/ Any advice/ suggestions/ good ideas?

85. That sounds great/ good/ That sounds like a good idea/ Thats a good idea/ Sounds great/ good/ like a good idea/ Good idea.