楊景紅 董祖海肖福斌 候巧燕
神經(jīng)型鈣黏蛋白在肝門部膽管癌中的表達及意義
楊景紅 董祖?!餍じ1?候巧燕
目的研究神經(jīng)型鈣黏蛋白(N-cadherin)在肝門部膽管癌組織中的表達及臨床意義。方法免疫組化檢測26例肝門部膽管癌與癌旁及5例正常膽管組織中N-cadherin表達差異。Western blot對比N-cadherin在肝門部膽管癌組織中與癌旁中差異。結(jié)果免疫組化示26例肝門部膽管癌癌組織中有14例N-cadherin表達陽性,癌旁組織中6例陽性(P<0.05)。正常膽管陽性表達0例。N-cadherin在低分化癌組陽性表達率高于中、高分化癌組。Western blot示N-cadherin在肝門部膽管癌組織中的表達高于癌旁組織(0.88±0.12 vs 0.43±0.09,P<0.05)。結(jié)論N-cadherin可能參與肝門部膽管癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展。
鈣黏著糖蛋白類;膽管腫瘤;免疫組織化學(xué);印跡法,蛋白質(zhì);神經(jīng)型鈣黏蛋白;肝門部膽管癌
肝門部膽管癌是一種起源于左右膽管分叉附近的上皮惡性腫瘤,侵襲性高,因其所在的解剖學(xué)位置特殊,手術(shù)切除腫瘤難度大,術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率高,5年生存率低。肝門部膽管癌約占所有膽管癌類型的40%~ 60%,高于肝內(nèi)膽管癌及遠端膽管癌。神經(jīng)型鈣黏蛋白(N-cadherin)被認為能增強腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)移及侵襲能力[1]。本研究旨在探討N-cadherin在肝門部膽管癌組織中的表達及其與臨床特征的關(guān)系。
1.1 一般資料收集26例2005年8月—2013年8月我院肝膽胰外科手術(shù)完整切除的肝門部膽管癌及癌旁標(biāo)本,置于-80℃保存?;颊咝g(shù)前均未行放療、化療,術(shù)后病理切片證實為肝門部膽管細胞癌。男19例,女7例,年齡35~82歲。癌旁組織取距離腫瘤組織1 cm處組織。低分化10例,中、高分化16例。有淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移12例,無淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移14例,發(fā)生神經(jīng)侵犯9例,未見神經(jīng)侵犯17例。美國癌癥聯(lián)合會(AJCC)T分期[2]Ⅰ期8例,Ⅱ~Ⅳ期共18例。5例免疫組化正常對照膽管標(biāo)本,其中3例來自因肝細胞癌行肝移植受體肝膽管,膽管經(jīng)病理學(xué)檢測無癌變及侵犯;1例來自2歲兒童先天性膽總管囊腫;1例來自胰頭占位行肝腸吻合時切除的遠端膽管,膽管經(jīng)病理學(xué)檢測無癌變。
1.2 試劑即用型鼠抗人N-cadherin抗體、小鼠抗人β-actin(北京中杉金橋),通用型免疫組化二抗工作液,DAB顯色試劑盒(福州邁新)。RIPA細胞裂解液、BCA蛋白檢測試劑(Thermo),兔抗人N-cadherin多克隆抗體、辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記的羊抗兔抗體(Santa Cruz Biotechnology),ECL發(fā)光液(南京凱基)。
1.3 方法
1.3.1 免疫組化4%中性甲醛浸泡,并用石蠟包埋。切片厚為5 μm。按常規(guī)脫蠟、水化,PBS液沖洗10 min,加內(nèi)源性過氧化氫阻斷液,孵育10 min,PBS沖洗3次,滴加兔抗人N-cadherin單克隆抗體4℃過夜,PBS沖洗后滴加免疫組化二抗,室溫孵育1 h,PBS沖洗3次,每次3 min,加DAB顯色液后自來水沖洗,蘇木素復(fù)染,中性樹膠封片,光學(xué)顯微鏡觀察。免疫組化陰性對照組用PBS代替一抗,陽性對照為正常心肌。免疫組化結(jié)果陽性計數(shù)采用400倍下每張切片取10個視野,每個視野100個細胞,>10%染色定義為陽性[3]。
1.3.2Western blot?。?0℃冰箱保存組織,解凍后加細胞裂解液于冰上超聲破碎細胞,提取組織總蛋白,用BCA法定量蛋白含量,聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳后轉(zhuǎn)膜,轉(zhuǎn)膜時間為140 min,5%脫脂奶粉封閉過夜,TBST搖床沖洗3次(每次15 min),加兔抗人N-cadherin(1∶500)于37℃孵育1 h。TBST液沖洗3次(每次15 min),加辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記羊抗兔抗體(1∶4 000)于37℃溫箱孵育1 h,TBST液沖洗3次(每次15 min)后加發(fā)光液后暗室爆光。β-actin作為內(nèi)參。以N-cadherin條帶吸光度與β-actin條帶吸光度的比值作為蛋白相對表達水平。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計軟件處理。計數(shù)資料的比較采用χ2檢驗或Fisher確切概率法。計量資料以±s表示,組間比較采用t檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.1 免疫組化結(jié)果癌組織N-cadherin陽性表達率高于癌旁組織[14例(53.85%)vs 6例(23.08%),χ2= 5.200,P<0.05)],見圖1~3。正常對照膽管未見陽性表達,見圖4。癌組織中N-cadherin陽性表達率比較,低分化者高于中、高分化者(P<0.05),其余不同分組患者癌組織中N-cadherin陽性表達率比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,見表1。
Fig.1 The positive expression of N-cadherin in low differentiated perihilar cholangiocarcinoma(IHC,×400)圖1 低分化肝門部膽管癌組織中N-cadherin表達(免疫組化,×400)
Fig.2 The positive expression of N-cadherin in middle differentiated perihilar cholangiocarcinoma(IHC,×400)圖2 中分化肝門部膽管癌組織中N-cadherin表達(免疫組化,×400)
Fig.3 The positive expression of N-cadherin in high differentiated perihilar cholangiocarcinoma(IHC,×400)圖3 高分化肝門部膽管癌中N-cadherin表達(免疫組化,×400)
Fig.4 No significant expression of N-cadherin in normal bile duct tissues(IHC,×400)圖4 對照膽管無明顯N-cadherin表達(免疫組化,×400)
Tab.1 Correlation of N-cadherin in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and different clinical pathological factors表1 癌組織中N-cadherin表達與患者臨床病理特征的關(guān)系(例)
2.2Western blot結(jié)果癌組織中N-cadherin表達量高于癌旁組織(0.88±0.12 vs 0.43±0.09,t=14.12,P<0.05),見圖5。
Fig.5 The expression of N-cadherin in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and corresponding paraneoplastic tissues圖5 癌組織和對應(yīng)癌旁組織中N-cadherin表達Western blot結(jié)果
N-cadherin是鈣黏蛋白家族中的一個經(jīng)典成員,其主要在神經(jīng)組織中正常表達并起細胞間黏附作用,在正常心肌、肝組織中也有表達。N-cadherin為分子質(zhì)量140 ku的跨膜蛋白,表達于正常肝細胞細胞膜上,其細胞外的結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)域參與細胞間相互連接作用。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)高表達N-cadherin能增加前列腺癌血管生成[4],以及食管癌、甲狀腺癌、黑色素瘤[5]細胞遷徙轉(zhuǎn)移能力,并與這些腫瘤的惡性行為相關(guān)。但并非所有惡性腫瘤中均存在N-cadherin高表達,肝細胞癌中N-cadherin表達降低,并與患者的預(yù)后相關(guān)[6]。本研究免疫組化結(jié)果示肝門部膽管癌細胞質(zhì)及細胞膜中N-cadherin有過度表達,癌組織陽性率明顯高于癌旁,正常膽管組織中未見明顯陽性表達;Western blot結(jié)果示癌組織N-cadherin表達量高于癌旁組織。N-cadherin只是鈣黏蛋白家族中眾多成員之一,其他類型還包括上皮型鈣黏蛋白(E-cadherin)等。近年發(fā)現(xiàn),N-cadherin、E-cadherin參與腫瘤的上皮-間質(zhì)細胞轉(zhuǎn)化過程(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT),EMT過程中E-cadherin表達下調(diào),而N-cadherin蛋白表達增多,EMT已被證實參與腫瘤的侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移過程[7]。研究報道E-cadherin在膽管癌中表達低于癌旁[8],但該研究并沒有報道N-cadherin的表達情況。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)上調(diào)惡性黑色素瘤細胞珠中N-cadherin表達后細胞侵襲能力明顯增強,敲除黑色素瘤細胞系中N-cadherin基因后細胞停留在G1期而不能進入S期[9]。選擇性抑制N-cadherin藥物正在進行Ⅱ期臨床試驗[10],為肝門部膽管癌的治療提供了新靶點。檢查本組手術(shù)切除標(biāo)本中的神經(jīng)組織發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)生神經(jīng)侵犯的病例較多(9/26),這也符合肝門部膽管癌侵襲性高、容易復(fù)發(fā)、預(yù)后差的臨床特點,提示術(shù)者手術(shù)時盡量切除靠近癌組織的周圍神經(jīng)。N-cadherin在不同分化的肝門部膽管癌中陽性表達有差異,提示N-cadherin可能參與腫瘤的分化過程。Vandyke等[11]對骨肉瘤患者血中N-cadherin分析發(fā)現(xiàn)>6 μg/L患者預(yù)后較≤6 μg/L患者差,但其準(zhǔn)確性仍需大樣本臨床觀察證明。臨床上肝門部膽管癌患者在就診時往往已失去手術(shù)機會,因此病例較難收集,本研究證明N-cadherin在肝門部膽管癌中有表達,為下一步研究提供了依據(jù)。
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(2013-10-27收稿2014-02-17修回)
(本文編輯李國琪)
Expression and Significance of Neural Cadherin in Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
YANG Jinghong,DONG Zuhai,XIAO Fubin,HOU Qiaoyan
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University,Guilin 541004,China DONG Zuhai,E-mail:doctordong888@163.com
ObjectiveTo explore the expression and the clinical significance of neural cadherin(N-cadherin)in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.MethodsThe expression of N-cadherin was detected by immunohistochemical method in 26 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and 5 samples of normal bile duct tissues.The expression of N-cadherin was also compared by Western blotting assay between perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and paraneoplastic tissues.ResultsThe immunohistochemical results showed that positive expression of N-cadherin was observed in 14 of 26 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and in 6 of 26 paraneoplastic samples(53.84%vs 23.08%,P<0.05).There was 0 N-cadherin expression in normal bile duct tissues.The positive rate of N-cadherin expression was higher in low differentiated group than that in middle and well differentiated groups.The result of Western blotting assay showed that N-cadherin expression was significantly higher in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma than that in the paraneoplastic tissues(0.88±0.12 vs 0.43±0.09,P<0.05).ConclusionN-cadherin may be involved in the occurrence and development of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.
cadherins;bile duct neoplasms;immunohistochemistry;blotting,Western;neural cadherin;perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
R735.8
A
10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2014.07.016
廣西壯族自治區(qū)醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生重點科研課題(2011010)
桂林醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院肝膽外科(郵編541004)
△通訊作者E-mail:doctordong888@163.com