新課改高考wh—詞語應(yīng)考指南

尹繼友

wh-詞語是指what， which， who（m）， whose， when， where， why， whether， how等詞語，它們不僅用作疑問詞，而且用作各種從句的引導(dǎo)詞。針對這些考法，現(xiàn)將應(yīng)對方法歸納如下。

考法一 wh-詞語出現(xiàn)在名詞性從句中

1. she couldnt understand was ， fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.

A. What；why B. That；what

C. What；because D. Why；that

2. caused the accident is still a complete mystery.

A. What B. That C. How D. Where

3. he will come back surprises all of us.

A. What B. That

C. The fact D. The matter

解析 這三道題都是通過wh-詞語的比較，考查what等引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的用法。句1完全根據(jù)句意選擇答案，句意為：“她所不明白的是：為什么越來越少的學(xué)生對她上的課感興趣。”句2、3中的what和that都可以引導(dǎo)主語從句，但what有詞義，表示“……的事”“……的話”等意思。而that只是作為從句的符號，沒有任何詞義，但盡管如此，that在從句之首不能缺少或省略。

點撥 名詞性從句是高中階段的重要語法項目之一，也是歷年高考英語試題考查的重點，尤其對于連接代詞that 和what 的用法， 不少同學(xué)感到十分困惑，做題幾乎是靠“蒙”來尋求答案。雖然that和what 都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但他們在句子中的語法功能截然不同。

答案 1. A 2. A 3. B

考法二 wh-詞語出現(xiàn)在定語從句中

1. Alice received an invitation from her boss， came as a surprise.

A. it B. that C. which D. he

解析 關(guān)系代詞which代替上文的先行詞an invitation引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

答案 C。

2. I shall never forget those years I lived in the country with the farmers， has a great effect on my life.

A. that；which B. when；which

C. which；that D. when；who

解析 關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)時間名詞those years的定語從句，關(guān)系代詞which代替when I lived in the country with the farmers引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，when...which...實際上構(gòu)成雙重定語從句。

點撥 只用which的情況有：①關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，即介詞+關(guān)系代詞，指物只能用which。如：Last night I had a dream in which I became a Nobel Prize winner. ②非限制定語從句中，指物只能用which， 亦可指整個前面的句子。如：He reads English every day， which does good to his English study.

答案 B。

考法三 wh-詞語出現(xiàn)在狀語從句中

1. ， mother will wait for him to have dinner together.

A. However late is he B. However he is late

C. However is he late D. However late he is

解析 這道題的正確答案在語序上符合“wh-詞語（+連帶成分）+主語+謂語……”這一語序形式。

答案 D

2. — Im going to the post office.

— you are there， can you get me some stamps？

A. As B. While C. Because D. If

解析 此題通過as和while的比較，考查while的用法。as和while都可作為從屬連詞，表示“當(dāng)……的時候”，但as著重表示“隨著（時間的過去）”，而while著重表示“在……的期間”“趁……之時機”。

點撥 wh-詞語構(gòu)成的從句在句型結(jié)構(gòu)上似疑問句但不是疑問句，一般都是呈“wh-詞語（+連帶成分）+主語+謂語……”這一語序形式，其中主謂部分用正常自然語序而不用倒裝語序。高考中考查名詞性從句或狀語從句時，經(jīng)?？疾檫B接詞的選用。解題時應(yīng)先判斷從句的類型，然后判斷從句是否缺少成分以及意義是否完整，最后根據(jù)引導(dǎo)狀語從句或名詞性從句的連詞的特點確定特定的連接詞。

答案 B

考法四 wh-詞語（whether，if）引導(dǎo)名詞或副詞從句

1. the 2024 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.

A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. Thatendprint

2. well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

點撥 if和whether的區(qū)別在兩個連詞都表示“是否”，在動詞（如know， ask， wonder， doubt等）后面引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，兩者可以互換使用，但引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、介詞賓語從句、同位語從句時，只用whether而不用if。

一般說來，在賓語從句中，whether常可與if互換。例如：I dont know if/whether I can help you. 但在下面情況下，只用whether：①在介詞后。例如：I havent settled the question of whether I will be back home. ②用于帶to的不定式前。例如：She doesnt know whether to go to school. ③引出主語從句，表語從句，同位語從句和讓步狀語從句。例如：Whether you like it or not ， you will have to do it./Whether she will come is still a question./The question is whether it is worth doing. ④多用于whether ... or not場合。例如：I cant say whether it is possible or not.

答案 1.C 2.B。

1. No one can be sure in a million years.

A. what man will look like

B. what will man look like

B. what will look like what

D. what look will man like

2. You cant imagine ， when they received these nice Christmas presents.

A. how they were excited

B. how excited they were

C. how excited were they

D. they were how excited

3. ， Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.

A. However late is he B. However he is late

C. However is he late D. However late he is

4. Can you tell me the railway station？

A. how I can get to B. how can I get to

C. where I can get to D. where can I get to

5. They want to know do to help us.

A. what can they B. what they can

C. how they can D. how can they

6. Can you make sure the gold ring？

A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put

C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put

7. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see .

A. who is he B. who he is

C. who is it D. who it is

8. we cant get seems better than we have.

A. What；what B. What；that

C. That；that D. That；what

1～4 ABDA 5～8 BCDAendprint