Inside the Kremlin Walls 克里姆林宮秘史\tFrom bbc.com

Overrun by Mongols， rattled1) by earthquakes， and beset2) by fires， the Kremlin's fortunes have waxed and waned3) with those of Mother Russia. For much of its lifetime， the Kremlin was home to the Romanov dynasty—the tsars4) who ruled Russia for three centuries from 1613.

歷盡蒙古鐵蹄的蹂躪、地震的撼動(dòng)和烈火的圍攻，克里姆林宮的命運(yùn)如同其祖國(guó)俄羅斯一樣跌宕起伏。從建成至今，克里姆林宮在大部分時(shí)間內(nèi)都是羅曼諾夫王朝的皇宮。羅曼諾夫王朝始于1613年，其歷代沙皇統(tǒng)治俄國(guó)達(dá)三個(gè)世紀(jì)。Napoleon Dynamite

Arguably5) the Kremlin's greatest adversary was Napoleon Bonaparte， who used the 15th-century Assumption Cathedral6) as a stable7) for his horses after invading Moscow in 1812. Upon his subsequent retreat from the capital， he ordered the entire Kremlin be destroyed with explosives. Luckily， rain damaged the fuses8)， and much of the complex9) was saved from being blown apart.

Grave Matters

The Kremlin Wall Necropolis is a resting place for the good， the bad， and the ugly of Soviet times， including Yuri Gagarin10)， Joseph Stalin， and Lenin. Following the Russian Revolution11)， it briefly served as an all-purpose mass grave. Among those buried are the victims of the Aerowagon12)—a bizarre train propelled by an aircraft engine that crashed on its way to Moscow in 1921.拿破侖的破壞

克里姆林宮最大的冤家對(duì)頭可能要屬拿破侖·波拿巴。1812年拿破侖入侵莫斯科后，竟將克里姆林宮內(nèi)建造于15世紀(jì)的圣母升天大教堂用作他的馬廄。隨后他從首都莫斯科撤軍時(shí)，又下令將整座克里姆林宮炸毀。幸運(yùn)的是，炸藥的引信被雨水澆滅，克里姆林宮大部分建筑因此得以躲過(guò)灰飛煙滅的劫難。

墓地往事

克里姆林宮紅場(chǎng)墓園安葬著前蘇聯(lián)時(shí)期的善惡美丑各色人物，包括尤里·加加林、約瑟夫·斯大林和列寧。俄國(guó)革命之后，這個(gè)地方一度成為一個(gè)用于各種用途的萬(wàn)人冢。埋葬在此的人中還包括“飛輪號(hào)”火車(chē)的遇難者——1921年，這列由飛機(jī)引擎驅(qū)動(dòng)的古怪火車(chē)在駛往莫斯科途中撞毀了。 Your Egg-celency13)

Originally intended to store weapons， the Armoury now serves as a museum housing treasures from the days of the tsars. It's home to a collection of Fabergé eggs14)—lavish ornaments first commissioned by Tsar Alexander III as Easter presents for his wife. Each egg has its own distinctive theme and contains a small \"surprise\" inside—the most famous is the Trans-Siberian Railway egg， which includes a tiny wind-up train made of gold.

The Play's the Thing

The 17th-century Poteshny Palace was home to the very first Russian theatre—Tsar Aleksey Mikhailovich enjoyed watching comic plays here， attending church services soon after to atone15) for his sinful chuckles. Later， the palace became home to a markedly humourless leader， Joseph Stalin. Sightings of his ghost stomping the Kremlin corridors are regularly reported today—allegedly16) accompanied by a sharp drop in room temperature.

Saved by the Bell

Definitive evidence of the Russian imperial appetite for huge objects， the Tsar Bell weighs 202 tons， and as such is the largest bell in the world. It never rung and never had the happiest history—moulded17) from an earlier bell that smashed during a fire， the current bell is in two pieces having cracked in its foundry pit. Nonetheless， faithful Muscovites18) believe that the bell will be rung for the first time on Judgment Day19)， upon its ascent to Heaven.彩蛋“陛下”

克里姆林宮珍寶館原本計(jì)劃用于存放武器，現(xiàn)在卻成為一座博物館，存放著沙皇時(shí)期的各類(lèi)珍寶。這里收藏著一組“法貝格彩蛋”，這些裝飾奢華的彩蛋起初是沙皇亞歷山大三世為妻子定做的復(fù)活節(jié)禮物。每一個(gè)彩蛋都有自己獨(dú)特的主題，里面還藏著小小的“驚喜”。其中最著名的莫過(guò)于“西伯利亞大鐵路彩蛋”，里面裝著一列由黃金打造的、裝有發(fā)條的微型火車(chē)。

戲劇是關(guān)鍵

17世紀(jì)修建的普列謝耶宮是俄羅斯歷史上名副其實(shí)的第一家劇院，沙皇阿列克謝·米哈伊洛維奇喜歡到這里看喜劇，戲一看完就去教堂為自己的失態(tài)竊笑祈禱懺悔。后來(lái)，這里住了一個(gè)明顯缺乏幽默感的元首——約瑟夫·斯大林?，F(xiàn)在還常常有報(bào)道說(shuō)人們看見(jiàn)他的陰魂邁著沉重的步伐走過(guò)克里姆林宮的走廊，據(jù)說(shuō)宮內(nèi)的溫度還會(huì)隨之驟降。

救世神鐘

俄羅斯帝國(guó)喜好龐然大物，克里姆林宮的沙皇鐘即為明證。沙皇鐘重達(dá)202噸，論重量是世界第一大鐘。沙皇鐘從來(lái)沒(méi)響過(guò)，還命途多舛——現(xiàn)在這座鐘是根據(jù)之前在大火中毀掉的那座鐘鑄造而成的，在鑄坑里就已出現(xiàn)裂痕，現(xiàn)在裂成了兩塊。盡管如此，虔誠(chéng)的莫斯科人相信，沙皇鐘終會(huì)在審判日升天之際發(fā)出破天荒的一響。1.rattle [#712;r#230;tl] vt. 使發(fā)出嘎嘎聲

2.beset [b#618;#712;set] vt. 圍攻

3.wax and wane: 由盛而衰

4.tsar [zɑ#720;(r)] n. 沙皇

5.arguably [#712;ɑ#720;ɡju#601;bli] adv. 可能；可論證地；可證實(shí)地

6.Assumption Cathedral: 圣母升天大教堂，位于克里姆林宮中心，曾在沙皇俄國(guó)統(tǒng)治時(shí)期被奉為國(guó)教大教堂，歷代沙皇都在這里舉行加冕禮。

7.stable [#712;ste#618;bl] n. 馬廄

8.fuse [fju#720;z] n. 導(dǎo)火線(xiàn)；引信

9.complex [#712;k#594;mpleks] n. (建筑)群

10.Yuri Gagarin: 尤里·加加林(1934~1968)，前蘇聯(lián)人，是世界上第一個(gè)進(jìn)入太空的宇航員。

11.Russian Revolution: 俄國(guó)革命，指1917年發(fā)生在俄國(guó)的一系列革命，主要包括二月革命和十月革命兩個(gè)階段。二月革命推翻了沙皇統(tǒng)治，而列寧領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的十月革命促成了蘇維埃政權(quán)的建立和世界上第一個(gè)社會(huì)主義國(guó)家的誕生。

12.Aerowagon: “飛輪號(hào)”火車(chē)，是前蘇聯(lián)工程師設(shè)計(jì)的一款試驗(yàn)性高速列車(chē)，由飛機(jī)引擎和螺旋槳驅(qū)動(dòng)，于1921年脫軌撞毀，車(chē)上22名乘客中有六人死亡。

13.Your Egg-celency: Your Excellency (陛下)的化用，這里指復(fù)活節(jié)彩蛋。

14.Fabergé eggs: 法貝格彩蛋，共69枚，風(fēng)格各異，創(chuàng)意迭出，多由各種珍貴金屬、石頭、混合琺瑯與寶石制成，是珠寶藝術(shù)的經(jīng)典之作。

15.atone [#601;#712;t#601;#650;n] vi. 補(bǔ)償，

彌補(bǔ)

16.allegedly [#601;#712;led#658;#618;dli] adv. 據(jù)稱(chēng)

17.mould [m#601;#650;ld] vt. (逐漸)建造；改造

18.Muscovite [#712;m#652;sk#601;#716;va#618;t] n. 莫斯科人

19.Judgment Day: 審判日，在基督教神學(xué)中指世界末日時(shí)上帝決定人類(lèi)命運(yùn)的日子。