閱讀理解：英語高分從此開始

付曉勇

一、高考命題預(yù)測(cè)

閱讀理解旨在考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力，主要包括對(duì)文章特定信息的查找、理解，對(duì)主旨大意的歸納總結(jié)，對(duì)寫作目的的把握，對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)或觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的推斷，對(duì)生詞、短語、語句語境含義的猜測(cè)，對(duì)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、寫作手法的把握。目前的高考命題趨勢(shì)是逐漸加大對(duì)推理判斷、主旨大意等題型的考查力度，要求較強(qiáng)的深層理解能力。

備考中，考生應(yīng)該把高考大綱要求的考綱詞匯全面記憶；同時(shí)，要強(qiáng)化英語句式結(jié)構(gòu)的分析判斷能力，加強(qiáng)對(duì)長難句的分析和翻譯練習(xí)。以上兩點(diǎn)，是閱讀理解能力的基礎(chǔ)。建議考生要結(jié)合高考中的常見和熱門題材，有針對(duì)地閱讀文章，擴(kuò)充背景知識(shí)。其次，還要投入大量的精力練習(xí)和研究歷年高考真題。

二、考點(diǎn)終極突破

（一）大意

文章大意：通過略讀快速找到文章談?wù)摰年P(guān)鍵詞，并找到各個(gè)段落的主題句，然后進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)，讀出結(jié)論。

段落大意：應(yīng)注意找到本段落的主題句，如果沒有明顯的主題句，則根據(jù)具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納、提煉。并注意該段落在整篇文章中的地位、作用，結(jié)合整篇文章的行文脈絡(luò)加以定位，確定大意。

例（2014湖北卷）

Working with a group of baboons（狒狒）in the Namibian desert， Dr. Alecia Carter of the De-partment of Zoology， Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a fa-miliar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who al-ready knew how to solve the task， while others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were， Dr. Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.

……

59. What is the first paragraph mainly about？

A. The design of Dr. Carters research.

B. The results of Dr. Carters research.

C. The purpose of Dr. Carters research.

D. The significance of Dr. Carters research.

【解析】段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段2，3，4行Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology， Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task， while others had to learn for themselves.可知本段主要描述他進(jìn)行的這項(xiàng)研究的設(shè)計(jì)方案，也就是他在這項(xiàng)研究里是如何做的。故A正確。

（二）態(tài)度推斷

把握主旨大意和作者的總體傾向，尤其注意對(duì)具體人和事物的描述語言中所使用詞匯的褒貶性；從文章整體看作者的看法、主張，尤其注意表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的句式和詞匯，如I think，In my opinion，from my perspective等。

例（2014湖北卷）

Youve flown halfway around the world； youve sniffed out this place that nobody in Falong-land or Thailand seems to have ever heard of； so what on earth is there to do here？ You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand.

It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out， it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.

Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin， about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok， down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand. Not many tourists find this place， and the ones that do won-der if finding it has been their purpose all along.

Theres an apparent laziness that surrounds you here. Its what this place offers， and its free of charge. The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down. You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest. You sit there and watch the sea.

Its early afternoon， so the cook comes out and asks what youd like to eat this evening. Be-fore long hes rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you or-dered—every meal fresh and to order. No menu here.

There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm， clear blue sea. Theres no street noise. The only sounds are the murmurs of nature.

For now you just count your blessings（福祉）， listing them in the sand with your toe（腳趾）. You dont have to worry about being late for work. You dont have to do anything.

The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon（地平線）， slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re- emerge again on your left， now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you. Sand to your left and sand to your right； its un-broken， endless. No start， no end， just sand， sun， and peace. Step off it， and you re-enter the world of traffic， stress， work， and hurry.

Normally youre the type who cant sit still for more than ten minutes， but youre on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and， in the right frame of mind， it stretches all the way around the world.

“How could it take me so long to find it？”you wonder.

63. When the author first went to Huaplee Beach， ______.

A. he found it unworthwhile

B. he failed to sort himself out

C. he became sensitive to smell

D. he had difficulty in finding it

66. What does the author imply by his ques-tion at the end of the passage？

A. He shouldnt have counted his blessings.

B. He should have understood the wonder of nature.

C. He shouldnt have spent so much time on the trip.

D. He should have come to the place earlier.

【解析】63.根據(jù)文章第二、第三段中It wasa long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out， it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.和Not many tourists find this place， and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.可知從曼谷去那里要花很長的時(shí)間，而且很少有游客能夠找到這個(gè)地方。作者第一次去也花了很長的時(shí)間。故D正確。

66.根據(jù)文章最后一段之前的描述可知這里的風(fēng)景迷人，飯菜可口，生活愜意。作者后悔很晚才發(fā)現(xiàn)有這樣的地方。故D正確。

（三）正誤判斷

在題干中確定關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)，然后在文中定位該信息點(diǎn)以及相關(guān)表述，進(jìn)行分析推敲，再把選項(xiàng)逐個(gè)與原文內(nèi)容比對(duì)，選擇符合原文的選項(xiàng)。

例（2014天津卷）

……

Transportation

The TWU Express is a shuttle（班車）ser-vice. The shuttle transports students between cam-pus and the shopping centre， leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 9am and 3pm. Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.

40. What is the function of TWU Express？

A. To carry students to the lecture halls.

B. To provide students with campus tours

C. To take students to the Mattson Centre.

D. To transport students to and from the stores.

【解析】根據(jù)文章最后一部分中的The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre， leaving from the Mattson Centre.可知The TWU Express的作用就是在學(xué)校和商店之間運(yùn)送學(xué)生。故D正確。

（四）詞義猜測(cè)

邏輯關(guān)系：根據(jù)上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)、因果、平行結(jié)構(gòu)等，由已知的一部分內(nèi)容推斷含有生詞部分的整體含義、褒貶等，再根據(jù)該部分內(nèi)的語境含義，確定生詞意思。還可以使用“代入嘗試法”，即將每個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的詞匯帶入原文，檢測(cè)哪一個(gè)符合上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。

定義、同義替換：根據(jù)生詞后的定義、定語從句描述、破折號(hào)后的解釋說明、列舉的具體實(shí)例、同義替換的替代詞等可以確定生詞含義。

例（2014湖北卷）

The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not， even though they spent more time watching.

This mismatch between collecting social infor-mation and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals， something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive（認(rèn)知的）tasks not be-cause they arent clever enough to solve them， but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.

61. Which best illustrates the“mismatch”mentioned in Paragraph 4？

A. Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.

B. Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.

C. Some baboons observe others but dont follow them.

D. Some baboons perform new tasks but dont concentrate.

【解析】根據(jù)第三段The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not， even though they spent more time watching.可知一些狒狒雖然觀察了很長時(shí)間，但是并沒有采取行動(dòng)。這一錯(cuò)位說明性格在動(dòng)物的社會(huì)行為中起著很重要的作用。第四段里的mismatch就是指第三段最后一句“while those who were relaxed did not， even though they spent more time watching”的內(nèi)容。故C正確。