高銀鳳,柳 達(dá),羅文利,王 婧
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老年人高同型半胱氨酸高血壓與血尿酸、纖維蛋白原的關(guān)系
高銀鳳,柳 達(dá)*,羅文利,王 婧
(石河子大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院老年病科,石河子 832000)
探討老年人高同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)高血壓(H型高血壓)與血尿酸(UA)、纖維蛋白原(FIB)水平的關(guān)系。選擇2013年1月至2014年1月在石河子大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院老年病科門診及病房收治的老年原發(fā)性高血壓患者251例,其中Hcy水平≥15μmol/L為老年H型高血壓組121例,Hcy水平<15μmol/L為單純高血壓組130例;另外同期選擇老年健康體檢患者150例為對(duì)照組。同期測定Hcy、UA、FIB水平,比較各組UA、FIB水平的差異。老年H型高血壓組、單純高血壓組、與對(duì)照組3組UA[(320.97±106.61)、(280.74±71.27)與(261.01±71.80)μmol/L]及FIB[(3.22±0.52)、(3.05±0.52)與(2.68±0.41)g/L]兩兩比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(<0.01);logistic回歸分析結(jié)果示,H型高血壓與UA(OR=3.896)、FIB(OR=3.100)水平及葉酸降低水平(OR=2.776)成正比(<0.05)。老年H型高血壓與UA、FIB密切相關(guān)。監(jiān)測UA及FIB對(duì)老年H型高血壓的管理具有重要意義。
高血壓;同型半胱氨酸;尿酸;纖維蛋白原
流行病學(xué)已經(jīng)證明同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)是心血管疾病的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因子[1]。有研究提出,尿酸(uric acid,UA)、纖維蛋白原(fibrinogen,F(xiàn)IB)也是心血管疾病的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因子[2,3]。本文通過聯(lián)合檢測老年患者Hcy、UA及FIB水平,探討UA、FIB水平與老年人高Hcy高血壓(H型高血壓)的關(guān)系。
2013年1月至2014年1月石河子大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院老年病干部保健科門診及病房收治符合入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的老年單純高血壓組130例,其中男53例,女77例,年齡65~91(71.20±4.50)歲;H型高血壓組121例,其中男63例,女58例,年齡65~86(71.65±4.12)歲;對(duì)照組150例,其中男61例,女89例,年齡65~86(71.29±3.62)歲。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)患者年齡≥65歲;(2)符合2010年修訂版中國高血壓防治指南中原發(fā)性高血壓診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4];(3)兩組高血壓患者服用降壓藥物匹配;(4)另選同一時(shí)期在我院老年病干部保健科門診及體檢中心的150名健康老年人(排除高血壓、冠心病等心血管疾?。閷?duì)照組。所有入選者均滿足排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)繼發(fā)性高血壓;(2)嚴(yán)重心、肺、肝、甲狀腺、腎功能或凝血功能異常者;(3)各種惡性腫瘤、大動(dòng)脈炎、自身免疫疾病及近期服用抗凝、葉酸、維生素B12及影響尿酸排泄的藥物等。
收集研究對(duì)象的性別、年齡、身高、體質(zhì)量、血壓、家族史、吸煙飲酒史、是否有冠心病、糖尿病、腦梗死,計(jì)算體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)等。
患者均于清晨空腹12h采集靜脈血,采用貝克曼Au2700儀器循環(huán)酶法測定Hcy;貝克曼全自動(dòng)血凝分析儀比色法測定FIB;日立全自動(dòng)生化儀常規(guī)檢測UA、甘油三酯(triglycerides,TG)、總膽固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、脂蛋白a、空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,F(xiàn)BG)水平;貝克曼DXI800儀器化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫法測定葉酸(folic acid,F(xiàn)A)水平。
3組患者的性別、年齡、飲酒、BMI、TG、TC、HDL-C比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(>0.05);3組吸煙、LDL-C、FBG、收縮壓(systolic blood pressure,SBP)、舒張壓(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(<0.05;表1)。
3組患者UA、FIB水平呈遞增趨勢,且3組UA、FIB兩兩比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(<0.01;表2)。
在老年高血壓人群中,以Hcy為因變量,性別、吸煙、飲酒、冠心病、糖尿病、腦梗死、BMI、TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、UA、FIB、脂蛋白a、FBG、FA、SBP、DBP為自變量,進(jìn)行l(wèi)ogistic回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示,老年H型高血壓與UA、FB水平及FA降低水平成正相關(guān)(<0.05;表3)。
高血壓患者中,有75%的患者伴有Hcy水平升高,其中有約49.1%為老年患者[5]。大量臨床流行病學(xué)表明,Hcy是心血管疾病的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因子,可引起動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化、心肌梗死、中風(fēng)、靜脈血栓等[6]。
表1 3組基線資料比較
BMI: body mass index; TG:triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG: fasting blood glucose; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure. 1mmHg=0.133kPa
表2 3組患者UA和FIB比較
UA: uric acid; FIB: fibrinogen. Compared with control group,**<0.01; compared with primary hypertension group,##<0.01
表3 老年H型高血壓患者影響因素的logistic回歸分析
UA: uric acid; FIB: fibrinogen; FA: folic acid
高Hcy與高血壓具有協(xié)同作用,可加重心血管損害,造成靶器官損壞[7]。而老年高血壓患者具有更高的心血管風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和嚴(yán)重的靶器官損害[8]。有研究提出,UA及FIB同樣是心血管疾病的危險(xiǎn)因子。故本研究探討老年H型高血壓與UA、FIB的關(guān)系,結(jié)果顯示對(duì)照組、單純高血壓組及H型高血壓組的性別、年齡、飲酒、BMI、TG、TC、HDL-C比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(>0.05);3組UA、FIB比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(<0.01),H型高血壓組UA、FIB水平明顯高于單純高血壓組及對(duì)照組。對(duì)老年H型高血壓患者影響因素的logistic回歸分析顯示,UA、FIB是老年H型高血壓患者的危險(xiǎn)因子(<0.05),提示H型高血壓與UA、FIB密切相關(guān),Hcy水平越高,患者UA及FIB水平越高,在導(dǎo)致心血管事件上可能具有協(xié)同作用。
高Hcy血癥與高血壓的靶器官損害有關(guān)[9]。有研究提出Hcy與UA呈正相關(guān)[10,11],UA在動(dòng)脈硬化的早期認(rèn)為具有抗氧化作用,但在病理過程的后期卻轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榇傺趸饔?。來自S-腺苷Hcy的代謝產(chǎn)物腺苷是尿酸合成的前體,將Hcy與尿酸的體內(nèi)合成代謝聯(lián)系到了一起[10]。國外研究表明,Hcy代謝酶的活性影響了Hcy和UA水平,Hcy與UA的關(guān)系是由腎功能受損引起[12],Hcy與UA之間的強(qiáng)關(guān)聯(lián)是建立在純合子型5,10-亞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶基礎(chǔ)上,并研究提出,很大一部分5,10-亞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶參與嘌呤的合成,增加UA的排泄[13]。Hcy可直接降低纖維蛋白溶酶對(duì)纖維蛋白原或纖維蛋白的裂解敏感性,可能是通過改變纖維蛋白溶酶裂解位點(diǎn)上的賴氨酸實(shí)現(xiàn)的。組織型纖維酶原激活劑(tissue plasminogen activator,tPA)是纖溶系統(tǒng)的重要激活劑,功能是使纖維酶原變成纖維蛋白溶酶,Hcy對(duì)tPA有選擇性結(jié)合抑制作用,高Hcy使纖溶酶原激活物抑制劑-1降低,血液凝固性增高[14,15],更易發(fā)生栓塞性疾病,因此與高血壓靶器官損害密切相關(guān)。本研究結(jié)果也顯示H型高血壓與FA降低水平成正相關(guān)(<0.05),已有證明提出Hcy的升高與FA的缺乏有關(guān),降低Hcy最安全有效的方法是補(bǔ)充FA[16]。
綜上所述,針對(duì)老年高血壓患者,控制血壓的同時(shí)降低Hcy,監(jiān)測UA及FIB的水平,為老年H型高血壓患者的管理提供理論依據(jù),對(duì)防止老年高血壓患者的心血管事件及靶器官損害具有重要的臨床意義。
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(編輯: 周宇紅)
Correlation of H-type hypertension with serum uric acid and fibrinogen in the elderly
GAO Yin-Feng, LIU Da*, LUO Wen-Li, WANG Jing
(Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China)
To investigate the correlation of high homocysteine (Hcy) hypertension (H-type hypertension) with serum levels of uric acid (UA) and fibrinogen (FIB) in the elderly.A total of 251 elderly in- and out-patients with essential hypertension admitted in our department from January 2013 to January 2014 were recruited in this study. They were divided into H-type hypertension group [=121, serum Hcy level ≥15μmol/L] and primary hypertension group (=130, serum Hcy level<15μmol/L). Another 150 elderly individuals without hypertension taking physical examination in our hospital during same period served as controls. Serum levels of Hcy, UA and FIB were detected in all the patients, and the results were compared among different groups.For the H-type hypertension, primary hypertension and control groups, there were statistical differences in the levels of UA [(320.97±106.61), (280.74±71.27) and (261.01±71.80μmol/L)] and FIB [(3.22±0.52), (3.05±0.52) and (2.68±0.41)g/L] between any of the 2 groups (<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that H-type hypertension was positively correlated with the serum level of UA (OR=3.896) and FIB (OR=3.100) and with the reduced level of folic acid (OR=2.776, all<0.05).H-type hypertension is closely associated with UA and FIB. Monitoring their levels is of great significance in the management of H-type hypertension in the elderly.
Hypertension; homocysteine; uric acid; fibrinogen
R544.1;R592
A
10.3724/SP.J.1264.2014.000136
2014?06?03;
2014?07?06
高銀鳳,現(xiàn)為石河子大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院在讀碩士研究生
柳 達(dá), E-mail: liuda1964@126.com