新研究強調(diào)應加強全球防暴力投入

The Global status report on violence prevention 2014 reveals that 475 000 people were murdered in 2012， and homicide is the third leading cause of death globally for males aged 15-44 years， highlighting the urgent need for more decisive action to prevent violence.

Despite indications that homicide rates decreased by 16% globally between 2000 and 2012， violence remains widespread. Non-fatal acts of violence take a particular toll on women and children. One in four children has been physically abused； one in five girls has been sexually abused； and one in three women has been a victim of physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence at some point in her lifetime.

Jointly published today by the World Health Organization， the United Nations Development Programme， and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime， the report indicates that：

Only one third of the 133 countries surveyed are implementing large-scale initiatives to prevent violence， such as bullying prevention programmes， visits by nurses to families at risk， and support to those who care for older people；

· Just over half the countries are fully enforcing a set of 12 laws generally acknowledged to prevent violence， although 80% countries have enacted them；

· Only half of all countries have services in place to protect and support victims of violence.

The consequences of violence on physical， mental， sexual and reproductive health often last a lifetime. Violence also contributes to leading causes of death such as cancer， heart disease and HIV/AIDS， because victims are at an increased risk of adopting behaviours such as smoking， alcohol and drug misuse， and unsafe sex.

“The consequences of violence on families and communities are profound， and can result in lifelong ill health for those affected，” states Margaret Chan， Director-General of the World Health Organization. “Yet we know what works to prevent violence in our homes， schools and workplaces and on our streets and playgrounds. We should take inspiration from governments which have demonstrated success in reducing violence by taking the steps needed. They have shown us that indeed violence is preventable.”

The Global status report on violence prevention 2014 is the first report of its kind to assess national efforts to address interpersonal violence， namely child maltreatment， youth violence， intimate partner and sexual violence， and elder abuse. Individual country profiles reflect the extent to which key violence prevention programmes and laws and selected services for victims of violence are being imp-lemented.

The report assessed the scale of implementation of 18 “best buy” violence prevention programmes. It shows， for example， that：

· One half of countries are implementing school-based programmes to teach children and adolescents “l(fā)ife-skills” such as non-violent conflict resolution；

· One half of countries are promoting efforts to change gender norms supportive of violence against women；

· One third of countries are putting in place programmes to improve parenting in families at risk of violence；

· Less than one quarter of countries are developing public information campaigns to prevent elder abuse.

\"High levels of family and community violence cripple both people’s ability to sustain their individual livelihoods， as well as a nation’s options for political， social， and economic development”， said Helen Clark， Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme. \"This report takes stock of the measures countries are taking to prevent and respond to interpersonal violence， but the report also reveals gaps in global violence prevention which must be filled， such as the quality and reach of prevention programmes， the access to services for victims， particularly for women and girls who are disproportionately affected by violence， and the enforcement of existing laws.\"

The report also reviewed 12 laws which are relevant for violence prevention. It shows， for example， that：

· 98% of countries have laws against rape；

· 87% of countries have laws against domestic violence；

· 84% of countries have laws against carrying weapons in schools；

· 40% of countries have laws against abuse in institutions for older people.

On average 80% of countries have enacted each of these 12 laws relevant for violence prevention. However， only just over half of countries report that these laws are fully enforced.

“Laws protecting citizens against violent crime send a clear message to society about what is acceptable，” said Yury Fedotov， Executive Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. “With this Global status report on violence prevention 2014， we have a useful tool for identifying the gaps in legislation and enforcement in countries， which can help to indicate what further action is needed to ensure reductions in violent crime.”

Providing care and support to victims of violence is important for reducing psychological trauma， helping victims heal， and preventing further involvement in violence. Despite strong evidence linking experiences of violence to mental health problems， under half of countries have mental health services to address victim needs， with only 15% of countries in Africa offering such services. Over two thirds of countries make available child protection services and medico-legal services for victims of sexual violence.

The Global status report on violence prevention 2014 calls for a scaling up of violence prevention programmes in all countries； stronger legislation and enforcement of laws relevant for violence prevention； strengthened justice and security institutions to uphold the rule of law； and enhanced services for victims of violence. It also advocates for better and more effective use of data to inform violence prevention programming and to measure progress. The report is intended for use by governments to help identify gaps and encourage and guide actions， and by nongovernmental organizations and experts to assist governments in their efforts.

2014對防暴力的全球狀況報告表明，2012年475，000人被謀殺，謀殺成為15-44歲男性的全球第三大死因，表明了對更果斷的防暴力措施的迫切需求。2000年至2012年全球謀殺率提升，暴力行為廣泛傳播。另外，不致死的暴力行為對女性和兒童造成嚴重影響。四分之一的兒童被虐待，五分之一的女童被性侵，三分之一的女性曾經(jīng)歷過配偶或性伴侶的暴力。世界衛(wèi)生組織，聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署和聯(lián)合國毒品和犯罪問題辦公室近日共同發(fā)布的報告表示：參加調(diào)查的133個國家中只有三分之一采取大規(guī)模自發(fā)性的防暴力行為；只有超過一半的國家全面貫徹12條公認的反暴力法律，雖然有80%的國家都有實行；只有超過一半的國家有適當?shù)姆諄肀Ｗo和幫助暴力受害者。高度的家庭和社會暴力不僅影響個人，也影響國家的政治、社會和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。該報告揭示了國與國之間防暴力措施之間的差距，這一差距必須得到填補。

[http：//www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2014/12/10/new-study-highlights-need-to-scale-up-violence-prevention-efforts-globally/]