從競爭到和平

The UN Declaration and Programme of Action on Culture of Peace adopted with the agreement of all its member-states by the United Nations General Assembly on 13 September 1999 lays the foundation for a quantum shift in how we live and work together as one world. It is a multifaceted initiative and a call to action for every individual， community， country and organization to play their part in bringing about a change of direction towards a sustainable future for us all.

Peacemakers and organizations around the world are aligning their activities with this Declaration to create a concerted and consistent effort by all towards the same goals. PeaceNow.com is one such organization working in collaboration with others to promote the culture of peace as a core part of how we live and how we interact and connect with others.

1999年9月13日，由聯(lián)合國大會全體成員國一致通過的聯(lián)合國《和平文化宣言和行動綱領(lǐng)》為我們怎樣生活和全世界怎樣作為一個(gè)整體共同行動奠定了大規(guī)模改變的基礎(chǔ)。這是一個(gè)多方面的倡議，也是號召每個(gè)個(gè)人、社區(qū)、國家和組織共同行動，發(fā)揮各自的作用，推動方向的改變，實(shí)現(xiàn)惠及眾人的可持續(xù)的未來。

全世界的調(diào)停人和組織都使他們的活動與《宣言》統(tǒng)一，朝著相同的目標(biāo)協(xié)調(diào)、一致地努力。PeaceNow.com網(wǎng)站就是一個(gè)這樣的組織，致力于與他人合作，將和平文化作為我們怎樣生活和我們怎樣與他人互動、聯(lián)系的核心部分進(jìn)行推廣。

If asked the question， “Do you prefer peace or conflict？”， most people would answer “peace”. Yet we see the presence of conflict at every level in society -- within families， communities and countries. It is not that we do not want or value peace； we just have conflicting values and priorities that have become part of our culture. We have created a culture of competition， and this opposes our desire for peace. We have come to believe that fundamentally “competition is good”. Competition becomes a part of our lives from a very early stage. People are ranked as 1st， 2nd， 3rd throughout our formative lives and before we know it， competition is a natural way to be， and the goal is to win. Individuals compete， businesses compete and nations compete. Competition and the desire to win is so deeply rooted in our way of life that it is hard to imagine a society that can be productive and prosperous without competition.

Competition drives us to perform and improve ourselves. It drives us towards innovation and new solutions. However， competition has an ugly side to it too. When the focus shifts from trying to improve ourselves to trying to win， we give ourselves the license to adopt means that give us a better chance of winning forgetting even the need for improving ourselves. Integrity becomes “negotiable”. We become conditioned to think about our own narrow needs and wants， rather than a greater good that would include us too. Competition creates better solutions， but it also creates worse solutions. Competition fosters creativity and productivity but is also a breeding ground for greed， hatred， anger， uncaring and low integrity. Competition is good， but it is not the best way to be.

如果我們提出“你更喜歡和平還是沖突”這樣的問題，大多數(shù)人會回答“和平”。然而我們可以看到?jīng)_突存在于社會的各個(gè)階層——家庭中、社區(qū)中、國家中。這并不是說我們不想要和平或不重視和平；我們只是有著沖突的價(jià)值觀和優(yōu)先考慮的事，而這已經(jīng)成為文化的一部分。我們已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了一種競爭的文化，而這與人們對和平的渴望相悖。人們已經(jīng)相信，大體上來講，“競爭是好事”。從很早開始，競爭就成為了生活的一部分。在整個(gè)人生結(jié)構(gòu)中，在我們還未意識到之前，人們已經(jīng)被排出第一、第二、第三名。競爭是一種自然而然的存在，而目標(biāo)就是勝利。個(gè)人與個(gè)人競爭，生意與生意競爭，國與國競爭。競爭和對勝利的渴望深深扎根于我們的生活方式，我們很難想象一個(gè)沒有競爭的社會可以實(shí)現(xiàn)多產(chǎn)和繁榮。

競爭促使人們表現(xiàn)自己并提高自己，促使其走向創(chuàng)新和新的解決辦法。然而，競爭也有其丑陋的一面。當(dāng)注意力從試著提高自身轉(zhuǎn)移到試圖取得勝利，我們允許自己采用能有更大勝利機(jī)會的方式，甚至忘了提升自身的需要。正直成為了“可商量的”。人們習(xí)慣于考慮自身狹隘的需要和缺乏，而不是一個(gè)更廣泛的、可以使自身也受益的好處。競爭創(chuàng)造了更好的解決辦法，但它也創(chuàng)造了更糟糕的解決辦法。競爭能夠培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造性和提高生產(chǎn)力，但它也使貪婪、厭惡、憤怒、冷漠和偏斜有了溫床。競爭是好的，但是并不是最佳的方式。

Simply removing competition is no solution either. Where then is the incentive to improve ourselves， innovate and create better solutions？ What we need is a reason for people to want to be good， creative， innovative and productive without the need to beat anyone. This will take a major shift in our education system. It is no surprise that fostering the culture of peace through education is given the highest priority amongst the strategic action points within the UN Declaration and Programme of Action.

To foster the culture of peace through education we need to bring about a change in attitude towards competition. This will be no easy task because competition is a fundamental part of the world we have shaped this far. However， there is another way. It is possible to create the motivation to be productive and innovative by fostering an attitude of mutual responsibility rather than competition and recognizing a job well done. An attitude of competition is based on a worldview that we are all separate and we all need to look after our own interests. We have let ourselves believe that if I look after my happiness and you look after your happiness， then we can all be happy. It does not work like that. One thing that we have learned is that our futures are connected. What happens to one economy affects other economies. Environmental disasters in one part of the world affect other parts of the world. We are connected. Our economies are connected. Our environments are connected. Our futures are connected. We cannot “kill the competition”. We all have to care about the whole. We can no longer build our fortune on the misfortune of others， or our happiness on the unhappiness of others. Thinking that we can is the ignorance at the root of competition.

單純地摒棄競爭也并不是解決辦法。那么提高自身，創(chuàng)新并創(chuàng)造更好解決辦法的動因在哪？我們需要的是一個(gè)讓人們想要優(yōu)秀、富有創(chuàng)造力、創(chuàng)新和多產(chǎn)的原因，并不需要打敗任何人。這需要教育系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行一個(gè)大的轉(zhuǎn)變。毫無意外，在聯(lián)合國《宣言和行動綱領(lǐng)》的所有策略性行動點(diǎn)中，通過教育促進(jìn)和平文化成為了最優(yōu)先的方式。

要通過教育促進(jìn)和平文化，需要改變對競爭的態(tài)度。這不會是一個(gè)簡單的任務(wù)，因?yàn)楦偁幨俏覀円恢彼茉斓氖澜缰械囊粋€(gè)基本部分。然而，有另外一種方式。通過養(yǎng)成一種相互負(fù)責(zé)的態(tài)度，而不是競爭和對優(yōu)質(zhì)完成的工作的認(rèn)可，去創(chuàng)造一個(gè)多產(chǎn)和創(chuàng)新的動機(jī)，是有可能的。競爭的態(tài)度是基于所有人都是單獨(dú)的而且需要追求自身利益的世界觀。我們已經(jīng)讓自己相信，如果各自去追求各自的幸福，那么所有人可以幸福。然而，事實(shí)并非如此。我們已經(jīng)學(xué)到的一件事就是未來是相聯(lián)系的。發(fā)生在一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體上的變化會影響其他經(jīng)濟(jì)體。世界上的一個(gè)地區(qū)所發(fā)生的自然災(zāi)害會影響世界上的其他地區(qū)。我們是相聯(lián)系的。經(jīng)濟(jì)是相聯(lián)系的。環(huán)境是相聯(lián)系的。我們不能“殺死競爭”。所有人都應(yīng)關(guān)心整體。不能再將自己的幸運(yùn)建立于他人的厄運(yùn)之上，或是將自己的幸福建立于他人的不幸之上。思考我們可以做的就是從根本上忽視競爭。

PeaceNow.com is working to implement the UN Declaration and Programme of Action at multiple levels. Peace Education is one of PeaceNow’s strategic pillars of Peace. Its Peace Practitioner course is designed to bring about a life-changing shift in perspective， attitude and behavior. As we create a momentum of people with new ways of thinking， we will also create a new generation of leaders who care about the larger impact of their choices on the world rather then their own short-term and local interests. We foster global citizenship in each one of us. When this happens， we will have the foundation for a better and peaceful world as envisaged in the UN Programme of Action on Culture of Peace.

PeaceNow.com網(wǎng)站旨在從多個(gè)層面實(shí)施聯(lián)合國《宣言和行動綱領(lǐng)》。和平教育目前是PeaceNow的策略性支柱之一。其“和平踐行者”課程的目的是在視角、態(tài)度和行為層面帶來改變一生的轉(zhuǎn)變。當(dāng)為富有新的思考方式的人們建立里程碑時(shí)，我們也會培養(yǎng)一代新的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，他們關(guān)心其所作的選擇所產(chǎn)生的更廣泛影響，而不是局限于其自身的短期和當(dāng)?shù)乩?。我們在每個(gè)個(gè)人中培養(yǎng)全球公民素養(yǎng)。當(dāng)這一目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)，將會有一個(gè)建設(shè)更好的、和平的世界的基礎(chǔ)，正如聯(lián)合國《和平文化行動綱領(lǐng)》所設(shè)想的那樣。