全球吸毒低齡化

Drug expert of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Thomas Pietschmann said， “Since 1960s， we’ve found that using drugs is the most serious and primary issue for youth. Illegal use of drugs is extremely dangerous to youth because they’re not capable of making the right decisions and their brains are developing.”

聯(lián)合國毒品和犯罪問題辦公室毒品專家托馬斯·皮奇曼曾表示，“從20世紀60年代開始，我們就發(fā)現(xiàn)吸毒成了青年人首要的也是最嚴重的問題，吸毒對青年人極其危險，因為他們還沒有能力做出正確的決定，而且他們的大腦也正在發(fā)育中。”

Report on Global Youth

Drug Users

全球青年吸毒情況報告

Recently， the 2014 World Drug Report released by United Nations shows that， in 2012， 3.5% to 7% of the world population aged between 15 to 64， namely 162 million to 324 million people， used drugs illegally at least once in the last year.

In addition， according to the statistics provided by the relevant departments of Russia， about 70% of the drug users are under 30 years’ old， and more and more university students， or even middle school students， start to join the drug users.

In China， the First National Symposium on Prevention of Youth Drug Abuse held in 2013 presented the statistics that until the end of 2011， there were 1.794 million registered drug users in China， among which the users of synthetic drugs are 587 thousand and people under 35 take up 67.8%. Until the end of April in 2014， there were 2.58 million registered drug users in China and the trend of lowering ages is very clear.

近期，聯(lián)合國發(fā)布的《2014世界禁毒報告》顯示，2012年，估計15歲至64歲的世界人口中有3.5%到7.0%，即1.62億到3.24億人，在上一年至少使用過非法毒品一次。

另據(jù)俄羅斯相關(guān)部門2011年的統(tǒng)計顯示，大約70%的吸毒者不滿30歲，并且越來越多的大學生，甚至中學生也開始加入吸毒行列。

在中國，2013年召開的首屆全國青少年藥物濫用防制研討會發(fā)表的統(tǒng)計結(jié)果顯示，截至2011年底，全國共發(fā)現(xiàn)登記吸毒人員179.4萬人，其中濫用合成毒品人員58.7萬人，35歲以下人員占67.8%。截至今年4月底，全國登記在冊吸毒人員258萬人，低齡化趨勢明顯。

Additionally， indicated by the latest U.S. Survey on National Drug Use and Health， among Americans of above 12 years old， over 20 million persons experienced drug abuse in the past month， accounting for 8.3%， up than previous years.

Drug addicts of younger age are showing an upward trend， which takes a good many countries by large surprise， and the issue is so severe that it has risen as a social chronic disease. Previously， released by a sampling survey conducted by the US Cooperative Drug Prohibition Council on a number of schools in Los Angeles， students’ attitudes towards drugs are worrisome. 40% out of 6，000 sample students expressed that everyone could try drugs， and 45% of them said they would have a try in the future. “Such attitudes can lead to action； if so， more young people will join the rank of drug addicts in the near future.” Admitted James Buck， chairman of the council.

此外，據(jù)最新的美國“國民藥物使用和健康調(diào)查”顯示，在年齡超過12歲的美國人中，超過兩千萬人在過去的30天中有過濫用藥物行為，約占8.3%，較往年相比呈增長趨勢。

吸毒低齡化趨勢的加劇，令眾多國家“措手不及”，且該問題的嚴重性也日漸成為“社會頑疾”。早前，全美合作禁毒委員會在對洛杉磯的眾多學校中進行抽樣調(diào)查時發(fā)現(xiàn)，學生對毒品的態(tài)度令人擔憂，6，000個抽樣樣本中40%的學生表示“每個人都可嘗試毒品”，45%的學生表示“將來可能會嘗試毒品”?！斑@種態(tài)度將會導致行動，那么不久的將來則會有更多的年輕人加入到吸毒的行列?！痹撐瘑T會主席詹姆斯·布克坦承。

Emergence of young female drug addicts

女性青年吸毒“抬頭”

Another set of data also concerns us.

Not long ago， the Supreme People’s Court of Beijing released that among cases of drug-related crimes handled by the courts in Beijing in 2013， the accused youngsters below 25 years old amounts to 318， occupying about 20% of the total accused arising from drug crime cases， of whom women reach 290， rising by 26% year on year.

Mexico also openly points out that， more female take drugs in the country. Take the year 1998 for example， there were only one female in fourteen drug addicts， while in 2002， one in five drug addicts was female， and the growth rate of female drug addicts is higher than that of male drug addicts.

另一組數(shù)據(jù)同樣令人擔憂。

不久前，中國北京市高級人民法院對外公布，北京市法院2013年審理的毒品犯罪案件中，25歲以下青少年被告達到318人，占毒品犯罪案件被告總?cè)藬?shù)的20%左右。其中，女性被告人數(shù)達到290人，同比上升26%。

墨西哥也公開指出，該國女性吸毒者比例上升。以1998年為例，14名吸毒者中女性只有1名，而到2002年，每5名吸毒者中即有1名為女性，且女性吸毒者增長速度高于男性。

Wu Zunyou， director of AIDS Prevention and Control Center of the Chinese Ministry of Health expressed to the public that people were not fully aware of the severity of females’ taking drugs previously， which was also overlooked by researchers. Based on our observation， the ways that females have access to drug-related money are different from that of males， which tends to be more covert. Females are more apt to be infected with AIDS after misuse of drugs compared with males. And they are more inclined to relapse because of their fragile psychology and poorer bearing capability.

中國衛(wèi)生部艾滋病預(yù)防與控制中心主任吳尊友公開表示，此前人們對女性吸毒的嚴重性并未充分認識，研究人員也忽視了這一點。從可觀察性看，女性獲取毒資的手段與男性不同，更具隱蔽性；女性在濫用毒品后，比男性更容易感染艾滋??；由于女性心理脆弱、承受能力差，更容易陷入復(fù)吸。

Similarity of drug addicts of younger age

低齡化吸毒共性

The report finds in the survey that younger drug addicts among youngsters presents the following characteristics： diverse drugs， dominated by synthetic drugs （also named new-typed drugs） like ice and ecstasy； having psychology of curiosity， ignorance and luckiness before their sucking， maintaining that one is not addicted to new-typed drugs； gathering for drug taking in drug taking places being common； poor education background of drug addicts in general.

In May this year， a report from the UN Drug and Crime Office shows that synthetic drugs are on the rise worldwide， particularly in Asia. Between 2010 and 2012， the amount of ice in the world doubled， for more part originating from East Asia， Southeast Asia and North America.

記者在調(diào)查過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)，青少年吸毒低齡化呈現(xiàn)以下特點：吸食毒品種類呈現(xiàn)多樣化，以冰毒、搖頭丸等合成毒品（又稱新型毒品）為主；在吸食之初，存在好奇、無知、僥幸心理，認為新型毒品不會上癮；吸食場所內(nèi)多發(fā)群吸現(xiàn)象；吸食者受教育程度普遍不高。

今年5月，來自聯(lián)合國毒品和犯罪問題辦公室的一份報告顯示，合成毒品吸食量在全世界都有增加，尤其在亞洲。2010年至2012年之間，全球冰毒持有量翻了一番，主要源于東亞、東南亞和北美持有量的增加。

In fact， compared with traditional drugs like heroin， the hazards of synthetic drugs are more hidden， for the bodies have no conspicuous reliance on them in a short time， which can give drug addicts illusions； while the psychology of teenagers such as strong curiosity and pursuit of sense of excitement makes them highly targeted， but the dangers will be tremendous and sustained.

事實上，與海洛因等傳統(tǒng)毒品相比，合成毒品對人體的毒害更隱蔽，因短時間內(nèi)身體對其沒有明顯的依賴性，能給吸食者帶來迷幻感，而青少年所具有的好奇心強、追求刺激感的心理特征恰恰容易成為其目標人群，但長此以往危害巨大。