全球公民意識(shí)：“從我到我們實(shí)現(xiàn)和平”

UNITED NATIONS， Sep 10 2014 （IPS） -- If a Silicon Valley existed for the culture of peace， it would most likely look to global citizenship as the next big industry shake-up.

聯(lián)合國(guó)·2014年9月10日（IPS）—— 如果存在一個(gè)和平文化的硅谷，它最有可能仰仗全球公民意識(shí)進(jìn)行行業(yè)變革。

“Global citizenship， or oneness of humanity [is] the essential element of the culture of peace，” Ambassador Anwarul Chowdhury， former Under-Secretary-General and high representative of the U.N.， told IPS on the sidelines of the General Assembly’s High-Level Forum on the Culture of Peace Tuesday.

“全球公民意識(shí)，或人類統(tǒng)一體，是和平文化的基本要素，”聯(lián)合國(guó)前副秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)、聯(lián)合國(guó)和平文化高級(jí)代表安瓦魯·K·喬德哈瑞大使在周二舉行的和平文化高級(jí)別論壇的會(huì)場(chǎng)告訴IPS記者。

The day-long forum included panel discussions on global citizenship and the contributions of women and youth to a nonviolent world community.

Ambassador Chowdhury took the lead in putting the culture of peace on the U.N. agenda in the late 1990s. The culture of peace concept was evolving in the U.N. Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organisation （UNESCO）， but Chowdhury felt that it deserved to be discussed at an even higher level.

The U.N. needed “to shift gear” away from peacekeeping operations “to focus on individual and community transformation，” Chowdhury told IPS.

為期一天的論壇包括一系列小組討論，內(nèi)容涉及全球公民意識(shí)，以及婦女和青年對(duì)構(gòu)建非暴力世界所做出的貢獻(xiàn)。

20世紀(jì)90年代，喬德哈瑞大使在將和平文化納入聯(lián)合國(guó)議程的過(guò)程中發(fā)揮了帶頭作用。和平文化的概念在聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織中得以進(jìn)化、發(fā)展，但他認(rèn)為和平文化的問(wèn)題有必要在更高級(jí)別的層面進(jìn)行討論。

聯(lián)合國(guó)需要“換擋”，將注意力從維和行動(dòng)中收回，“集中在個(gè)人和社區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)型的問(wèn)題上”，喬德哈瑞大使這樣告訴IPS記者。

In 1999， at the urging of Chowdhury， the General Assembly （GA） passed the milestone Resolution 53/243 on the “Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace.” The resolution asserts that a culture of peace is a way of life based on non-violence， territorial integrity， human rights， the right to development， freedom of expression and the promotion of equal rights for women and men.

Article 4 of the resolution makes clear that “Education at all levels is one of the principal means to build a culture of peace.” Governments， civil society， the media， parents and teachers are all called upon to promote a peaceful culture.

The 1999 resolution also led to the observance from 2001 to 2010 of the U.N. International Decade for Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World.

While its official decade may be over， the culture of peace continues to be relevant 15 years after Resolution 53/243 was adopted. Each year， the GA adopts a resolution reaffirming the commitment of member states to building a culture of peace.

1999年，在他的敦促下，聯(lián)大通過(guò)了具有里程碑意義的第53/243號(hào)決議，即《和平文化宣言和行動(dòng)綱領(lǐng)》。該決議堅(jiān)決表明和平文化是一種基于非暴力、領(lǐng)土完整、人權(quán)、發(fā)展權(quán)、言論自由和崇尚男女權(quán)利平等的生活方式。

決議第四項(xiàng)明確表示，“各個(gè)層面的教育都是構(gòu)建和平文化的主要途徑之一。”政府、公民社會(huì)、媒體、父母和教師都被號(hào)召推動(dòng)和平文化。

1999年的決議還促使聯(lián)合國(guó)決定將2001-2010年設(shè)為“為世界兒童建設(shè)非暴力與和平文化國(guó)際十年”。

盡管官方的十年會(huì)結(jié)束，和平文化在第53/243號(hào)決議通過(guò)的十五年后仍舊影響著這個(gè)世界。每年，聯(lián)大都會(huì)通過(guò)一項(xiàng)決議，重申其協(xié)同所有成員國(guó)共建和平文化的承諾。

This year’s all-day event built on the success of two past high-level forums in 2012 and 2013， giving member states， U.N. entities and civil society a chance to exchange ideas on how to best promote nonviolence， cooperation and respect for all.

Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon kicked off the day with an endorsement of the culture of peace.

“We need new forms of cultural literacy and diplomacy， between societies and within them，” he said. “We need educational curricula to deepen global solidarity and citizenship.

“Every day， I see the need to build a new culture of mediation， conflict resolution， peace-building and peace-keeping.”

今年論壇的召開(kāi)基于2012和2013年所舉辦的兩屆論壇的成功，這給聯(lián)合國(guó)成員國(guó)、聯(lián)合國(guó)機(jī)構(gòu)和公民社會(huì)一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)去交流思想，探討如何最好地推動(dòng)非暴力、合作和尊重每一個(gè)人。

聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)潘基文在開(kāi)幕式上表示了他對(duì)和平文化的頌揚(yáng)。

“我們需要新形式的文化素養(yǎng)和外交，無(wú)論是在社會(huì)之間還是社會(huì)內(nèi)部”，他說(shuō)，“我們需要教育課程去深化全球團(tuán)結(jié)和全球公民意識(shí)?！?/p>

“每天我都意識(shí)到我們需要建立一種新的有關(guān)調(diào)停、解決爭(zhēng)端、建設(shè)和平和維護(hù)和平文化?！?/p>

Interactive panels focused on the keys to attaining a culture of peace.

Lakhsmi Puri， Deputy Executive Director of UN Women， highlighted the role of women in building and sustaining the culture of peace.

Women “must be seen as agents of conflict prevention，” she said.

“With women， mothers， grandmothers， other family members often being the first teachers of children， they have and can play a vital role in educating young people to the value of peace.”

互動(dòng)小組在討論中關(guān)注實(shí)現(xiàn)和平文化的關(guān)鍵途徑。

聯(lián)合國(guó)婦女署副執(zhí)行主任Lakhsmi Puri強(qiáng)調(diào)了婦女在構(gòu)建和維護(hù)和平文化中所發(fā)揮的作用。

婦女“必須被看成是阻止沖突的媒介”，她說(shuō)。

“婦女、母親、祖母和其他女性家庭成員通常會(huì)是孩子的第一任教師，她們?cè)诮逃贻p人懂得和平文化的價(jià)值中擔(dān)任著重要角色。”

Women should bring their leadership and solutions to the peacemaking table， according to the panellists. The youth population is also crucial to making a culture of peace a reality.

“Young people can be agents of peace，” said Ahmad Alhendawi， the Secretary General’s Envoy on Youth. “We must continue working together to ensure that the largest generation of humans is an opportunity， not a liability for our time.”

討論小組成員認(rèn)為，婦女應(yīng)將她們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力和解決辦法帶到和平進(jìn)程的日程中來(lái)。同時(shí)，青年人也是實(shí)現(xiàn)和平文化的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵群體。

“年輕人可以成為和平的媒介”，聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)青年問(wèn)題特使Ahmad Alhendawi說(shuō)?！拔覀儽仨毨^續(xù)共同努力，確保人類數(shù)量最龐大的一代人成為新的機(jī)遇，而不是時(shí)代的負(fù)擔(dān)?！?/p>

Kathleen Kuehnast， director of the Centre for Gender and Peacebuilding at the U.S. Institute of Peace， received a round of applause when she proposed a new perspective on the culture of peace， invoking the analogy of creative， high-energy entrepreneurship.

“We need to incentivise peacebuilding，” she said. “We need to think about the culture of peace as a start-up operation. What we need is a Silicon Valley for nonviolent approaches to global problem solving.”

美國(guó)和平協(xié)會(huì)性別和和平建設(shè)中心主任Kathleen Kuehnast所提出的和平文化的新視角贏得了眾人的掌聲，并引出了關(guān)于創(chuàng)新、高能創(chuàng)業(yè)的類推。

“我們需要促進(jìn)和平建設(shè)”，她說(shuō)，“我們需要將和平文化視為一個(gè)創(chuàng)業(yè)操作。我們所需的是一個(gè)集中了各種非暴力途徑以解決全球問(wèn)題的‘硅谷’”。

Dot Maver， president of the New York-based National Peace Academy， identified emerging trends and concepts that herald the rise of Global Citizenship Awareness， such as the sharing economy， the global commons and bioregional dialogues.

As a human community， “We are making this shift from I or me to we，” Maver said. Global citizenship is a pathway “from me to we to peace.”

紐約國(guó)家和平學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)Dot Maver指出了預(yù)示全球公民意識(shí)增長(zhǎng)的幾個(gè)趨勢(shì)和概念，如共享制經(jīng)濟(jì)、全球公共領(lǐng)域和雙邊對(duì)話等。

作為人類社會(huì)，“我們要把這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變從個(gè)人或者‘我’推向‘我們’”。全球公民意識(shí)是“從我到我們實(shí)現(xiàn)和平”的途徑。

While the U.N. is a strong supporter of global citizenship and the culture of peace， it could do a much better job of spreading the message， according to Ambassador Chowdry.

The “U.N. has been focusing and putting most of its money on hardware for peacekeeping，” Chowdhury told IPS. It should be concentrating more on the “transformation of individuals into agents of peace and nonviolence.”

Throwing money at educational infrastructure will not be enough， Chowdhury said， because there is no guarantee that it would go toward the right type of education. The U.N. must work more with communities and societies to build education systems that teach young people to be citizens of the world.

縱使聯(lián)合國(guó)是全球公民意識(shí)與和平文化的強(qiáng)有力支持者，其能夠做的還有很多，如更好的傳播信息，喬德哈瑞大使認(rèn)為。

“聯(lián)合國(guó)一直關(guān)注并將大部分財(cái)力用于維護(hù)和平的硬件建設(shè)，它應(yīng)更多關(guān)注將個(gè)人轉(zhuǎn)化為和平與非暴力的媒介”。

用于教育基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的資金還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠，因?yàn)槲覀儫o(wú)法保證資金流向最適宜的教育模式。聯(lián)合國(guó)應(yīng)與社區(qū)和社會(huì)合作打造教育系統(tǒng)，使其能夠?qū)⒛贻p人培養(yǎng)成為世界的公民。

“It has to be a comprehensive approach，” Chowdhury said. “It should be a transformational investment.”

In her remarks， Dot Maver made the observation that “energy follows thought， and we know that whatever we choose to focus on， we will get more of in life.”

Supporters of the culture of peace hope that the energy and ideas from Tuesday’s high-level forum will spread the message of global citizenship to the human community， leading to a true transformation.

“必須采取一種綜合的方式”，喬德哈瑞說(shuō)?！皯?yīng)該采用一種變革性的投資模式?！痹贒ot Maver的講話中，她提出“能量跟隨思想而動(dòng)，而且我們知道無(wú)論我們選擇關(guān)注什么，我們?cè)谏钪芯蜁?huì)碰到更多該類問(wèn)題。”

和平文化的支持者希望高級(jí)別論壇中的能量與想法能將全球公民意識(shí)傳播至人類社區(qū)，從而引領(lǐng)真正的變革。