“女童保護”項目守護花蕾

Since 2003， cases of sexual assualts of children have kept on a high level. From January 1 to December 31， 2013， the cases exposed by media were as high as 125. There was a case exposed every 2.92 days. In May， 2013， there were 14 cases of sexual assualts of children under the age of 14 in 20 days. Girls need special care and attention from the society. In this background， more than a hundred female journalists all over the country co-launched the public welfare program “Girls Protection” under Children’s Safety Fund of China Social Assistance Foundation on June 1， 2013. A few days ago， the reporter made an exclusive interview with Ms. Sun Xuemei， the founder of the program and a journalist of Beijing Times.

2013年以來，性侵兒童的惡性案件在中國各地呈持續(xù)高發(fā)狀態(tài)，自2013年1月1日至12月31日被媒體曝光的案件就高達125起，平均2.92天就曝光一起。其中，僅2013年5月，20天內(nèi)就有8起14歲以下女童遭遇性侵的案例。女童，需要社會給予特別的關(guān)愛和照顧。為此，2013年6月1日，中國各地100多名女記者聯(lián)合發(fā)起了設立在中華社會救助基金會兒童安全基金下的公益項目——“女童保護”。日前，本刊記者專訪了“女童保護”項目的發(fā)起人、京華時報記者孫雪梅女士。

Social bottom line is violated repeatedly

社會底線屢次被觸犯

The sexual assualts of children in 2013 showed that the age of victims was on the trend of becoming younger and the majority of the victims were primary school students. According to the statistics of “Girls Protection” program， among the 419 victims whose ages have been reported publicly， there were 340 victims who were aged from 8 to 14， accounting for 81.15%. (The victims whose ages have not been reported publicly were not included in the statistics.)

Most of the criminal groups were teachers， amounting to 33. The number of criminal cases of headmasters was 10， taking the third place. The number of criminal cases of officials was 6. This was a great strike on the psychological and moral bottom line of society and had a negative effect on the sense of safety of minors and their guardians.

The statistics of the 40 cases of sexual assualts of children in 2013 released by Beijing Youth Legal Aid Center showed that the percentage of sexual assualts of stay-at-home children accounted for 47.5%. Haidian Court issued a survey of sexual assualts of young girls which showed that most of victims were primary school students， mainly the children of migrant workers.

總結(jié)2013年性侵兒童案件案件的特點，受害人群呈現(xiàn)逐漸低齡化趨勢，尤其以8歲到14歲的小學生居多。據(jù)“女童保護”項目統(tǒng)計，被公開報道年齡的419名受害者中，8歲到14歲的有340人，占總量的81.15%（公開報道未公布受害者年齡的未統(tǒng)計在內(nèi)）。

犯案群體中，教師是作案最多的群體，達到33起；校長作案達到10起，列第三位，官員作案達到6起。這嚴重沖擊了社會的心理道德底線，對未成年人及其監(jiān)護人的安全感產(chǎn)生了相當負面的影響。

北京青少年法律援助中心在對2013年發(fā)生的40起兒童被性侵案的統(tǒng)計時發(fā)現(xiàn)，留守兒童性侵案件占到統(tǒng)計案件總數(shù)的47.5%。海淀法院2013年10月公布一項性侵幼女案調(diào)研，指出被害人多是小學生，且以外來務工人員的孩子為主。

Sun Xuemei， a journalist of Beijing Times and one of the sponsors of the program of “Girls Protection”， told the journalist that the direct reason of the current situation is “the lack of basic guardianship for children”. In 2013， Girls’ Protection and Research Report jointly issued by China Children and Teenagers Foundation and Beijing Normal University also showed that stay-at-home children and floating children are the main victims. Their parents are migrant workers and therefore the children lack guardianship and are easy to be violated. Another important reason is “the absence of protection awareness and knowledge.”This includes that children do not have self-protection awareness， and the absence of protection awareness of guardians and sex safety education of children. “When children do not have safety protection awareness and parents and schools do not speak of the topic， children do not know what sexual assault is and how to protect themselves. When they are assaulted， they usually do not have the courage to say it and they even do not know how to describe it.”

孫雪梅，京華時報的記者，也是“女童保護”的發(fā)起人之一。她告訴記者，造成這種現(xiàn)狀的直接原因是“對孩子基本監(jiān)護的缺失”。2013年中國兒童少年基金會、北京師范大學聯(lián)合發(fā)布的《女童保護研究報告》也顯示，留守兒童和流動兒童已經(jīng)成為主要的受害者。因為父母常年在外地打工，使得兒童監(jiān)護空白，容易受到猥褻和侵犯。此外，還有一個重要原因就是“防范意識與知識的缺失”，這里包括孩子沒有自我保護意識、監(jiān)護人缺乏防范意識和整個兒童性安全教育的缺失。也就是說，“當孩子自己沒有安全防范意識，家長和學校也不會和孩子談及這一話題的情況下，孩子不知道何為性侵犯，不知道如何保護自己，當遭遇了性侵犯時，他們往往不敢說也不會描述?！?/p>

Hundreds of journalists started a campaign

百名記者發(fā)起行動

According to Sun Xuemei， after May 8， 2013 when “an elementary school headmaster took girl students to a hotel” in Waning， Hainan Province， several journalists suddenly became agitated on QQ and WeChat. Everyone is furious and thinks that they should act together as soon as possible to make some efforts in protecting girls in their spare time. Sun Xuemei said: “On International Children’s Day， this action was formally launched and the sponsors were over 100 female journalists from all over China.” Besides the 20 journalists from the core teams of Beijing， there are also journalists from Shanghai， Nanjing， Sichuan and Hebei， etc.

The first thing came to our mind was prevention training for girls in remote areas. Expert guidance is needed for this kind of training. Therefore， the first thing they needed to do was to seek help from experts to compile the teaching plans. Fang Gangyi， the expert of sex education and the chief of Sex and Gender Institute of Beijing Forestry University who is devoted to the study of sex and gender research， has undertaken this work. Tang Yu， one of the sponsors of “Girls Protection” and a female journalist of Beijing Labor Noon News， made the teaching plans. She and several other female journalists searched for sex prevention knowledge on foreign websites and put the cases into the teaching plans. Sun Xuemei said: “We want to tell them what they should do and what they should not do from the perspective of common sense.”

據(jù)孫雪梅介紹，自從2013年5月8日海南萬寧發(fā)生“小學校長帶女生開房”事件以后，幾個人氣較旺的記者QQ群和微信群里就炸開了鍋，大家怒不可遏，覺得應該盡快行動起來，用業(yè)余時間為女童安全出點力?！傲粌和?jié)那天就正式發(fā)起了這個行動，發(fā)起人是全國各地100多名女記者?！睂O雪梅說，這當中，除了北京核心團隊的20多名記者外，上海、南京、四川、河北等地都有記者加入。

大家首先想到的是為偏遠地區(qū)的女童做防性侵培訓。如此專業(yè)的輔導必須有專家指導，她們做的第一件事就是找專家?guī)兔Τ鼋贪浮Ｒ恢睆氖滦耘c性別研究的性教育專家、北京林業(yè)大學性與性別研究所所長方剛義務承擔起了這一工作?！芭Ｗo”的另一發(fā)起人、北京勞動午報女記者湯瑜主要制作了教案，她和幾名女記者還到國外網(wǎng)站上搜集了防性侵知識，充實到教案當中?！拔覀兿霃某ＷR的角度告訴她們該做什么、不該做什么。”孫雪梅說。

“Actually， we can learn a lot from foreign work in girls’ protection.” Sun Xuemei excitedly told us when talking about the current situation and the contrast of the work of girls’ protection. English People will tell their children about Ten Declarations of Children which mainly talks about that safe growth is more important than success， the parts covered by underwear should not be touched by others， the drinks of strangers should not be drunk and secrets of strangers should not be kept.

As early as in 1942， Sweden started sex education to children above the age of seven. The content covers pregnancy and birth knowledge at primary school， physical and body function knowledge at middle school and love， birth control and relationship management at college. In many countries， children will have access to education of this kind at schools and families and it is quite easy.

“其實，外國‘女童保護’方面所做的工作在許多地方都值得我們借鑒和學習”，當提及中外“女童保護”工作的現(xiàn)狀和對比時，孫雪梅難掩興奮之情地跟記者這樣說道。英國人在孩子很小時會告訴孩子《兒童十大宣言》，內(nèi)容就包括平安成長比成功更重要，背心短褲覆蓋的地方不許別人摸、不喝陌生人的飲料、不保守壞人的秘密等等。

瑞典1942年就開始對7歲以上的兒童進行性教育，內(nèi)容是在小學傳授妊娠與生育知識，中學講授生理與身體機能等知識，到大學則把重點放在戀愛、避孕與人際關(guān)系處理上……在很多國家，孩子在很小的時候就會在學校和家庭中接觸這方面的教育，而且是極其輕松的。

“Influenced by the traditional concepts， our country is faced with the awkward situation in that teachers do not have text books and parents are ashamed to speak out. As to the aspect of establishment of social mechanism， in the US and Hong Kong， if a teacher has a criminal record of sexual assault to children， the record will be for life and can be searched out by logging on the system. Thus， they will not be employed by education institutions again that is to say they cannot undertake the professions related to children. This is one aspect we should learn from.” Speaking of this， Sun Xuemei frankly said that she thought she and the program of “Girls Protection” have a huge responsibility.

“由于受到傳統(tǒng)觀念的影響，我們國家會面臨老師沒有教材、家長羞于啟齒的尷尬處境。這是針對孩子教育方面可以借鑒的地方，還有社會機制的建立上，譬如美國、香港，如果老師曾有過性侵幼童犯罪的記錄以后，這個記錄就會伴隨終身，并且隨機登陸系統(tǒng)就可查到，教育機構(gòu)就不會再錄用，也就是說他們將終身不得再從事與兒童直接接觸的職業(yè)，這也是我們應該建立、健全的地方之一?！闭劶按颂帲瑢O雪梅坦言覺得自己和“女童保護”項目所擔負的責任重大。

What shall we do?

我們該做些什么

“Girls Protection” shows that presently in primary schools of China， there is an absence of prevention education on sexual assault. Thus， “prevention education on sexual assault in schools” becomes more and more urgent and important. Girls’ Protection and Research Report says: “In the actions of protecting girls from harm and in the process of treating the harmed girls， the majority of public does not know what to do. They even do not take the simple strategies.” “Girls Protection”， as a professional program to protect girls， prioritizes the publicity work of “preventing sexual assault” to give children a lesson of safety education and raise their prevention awareness.

Sun Xuemei said: “Right now， the core team members are all female journalists. We know about our bodies so we have resources. We are good at communication. These are our advantages.” Besides their daily journalists’ work of interviewing and writing， they often stay up late to make and revise the teaching cases of “sexual assault prevention”， collect cartoons and explore ways to improve children’s prevention knowledge in short time with vivid methods and popular languages for children.

The female journalists of “Girls Protection” program also invite experts of gender， physiology， sociology， psychology and law to teach lessons to them. Most experts help to revise teaching plans and questionnaires. After reviewing for thirty times， the teaching plans are finally formalized and the contents of each course and each link have all been set in details.

“女童保護”項目調(diào)查顯示，目前中國義務教育小學階段的防性侵教育存在普遍缺失的問題。而在這普遍缺失的背景下，是“防性侵教育進校園”日趨緊迫的必要性和重要性?！杜Ｗo研究報告》中稱，“目前在保護女童免受傷害的行動中，在對待受傷害的女童的過程中，多數(shù)社會公眾并不知道該如何去做，甚至一些簡單易行的微小策略也沒有采取?！弊鳛橐粋€專業(yè)的“女童保護”項目，又該如何開展活動、引導社會公眾？孫雪梅告訴記者，目前“女童保護”項目重點在搞好“防性侵”宣傳工作上，就是要給孩子上一堂好的安全教育課，提高他們的防范意識。

“目前團隊核心成員都是女記者，我們了解自己的身體，有一定資源，善于溝通，這是我們的優(yōu)勢?！睂O雪梅說，在日常采訪、寫作，完成自己的本分“記者”工作之余，她們熬夜制作和修改“防性侵”教案，征集漫畫，努力探討用多種形象生動的方式，用孩子喜聞樂見的語言，讓她們在極短時間內(nèi)增長防范知識。

“女童保護”項目女記者還分別請來國內(nèi)有名的性別、生理、社會學、心理學、法律研究專家，有的給女記者們講課，多數(shù)專家則幫助修改教案和調(diào)查問卷。經(jīng)過30多次修改，最終形成教學文案樣本，將一堂課每一環(huán)節(jié)要講什么都細化。

Sun Xuemei told the reporter: “Many points in our teaching plans have been discussed and verified by experts for many times. For instance， the parts covered by underwear are private parts which should not be looked at and touched by others. Sexual assault does not only include touching private parts. Children should not be directed to touch the private parts of others and children should not be directed to look at the pictures and books of naked people. Which method is the most effective one to ask for help in specific cases? The ones who could hurt us are not only strangers but also can be our neighbors， teachers， headmasters and even our relatives.

“We always think that this lecture is easy because what we teach is all common sense. However， on the other hand， the lecture is not easy. We should increase children’s protection awareness and should not cause psychological shadow to them. To what degree should we teach them about “sex” is also a matter which needs our consideration. First， we want children to know their bodies and know what private parts should not be touched by others. Second， we want children to identify and prevent sexual assaults. Third， we hope children can know what to do when encountered with sexual assault. Fourth， we hope children will know what to do after being sexually harassed. The prevention education of sexual assault should not make girls have hostile psychology and sex fear towards males. When encountered with sexual assault， children should put life safety first and learn to escape safely.”

The program of “Girls’ Protection” should not only teach children what they should do to prevent sexual assault but also train teachers to learn the ways to teach children. Teachers should not only take care of the emotions of stay-at-home children who lack care from parents but also teach with the languages children are easiest to accept. “In class， the form of address of “father and mother” should be substituted with “parents”. Prizes should be given in interactional activities in class. Teachers should also know: when tutoring students， they should not be alone with students of opposite sex in classroom， which is a supervision and protection of the reputation of teachers and headmasters. Sun Xuemei said that they were all tired. However， the thought that “One step we take can avoid one girl to be harmed” gives us energy and motivation to keep going.

孫雪梅告訴記者說，“我們教案中的諸多要點、講法，是經(jīng)過專家多次論證的，比如，背心、褲衩遮蓋的部分就是隱私部位，是不許別人看和碰觸。比如，哪些行為屬于性侵害，不光是別人碰觸兒童的隱私部位，還包括讓小孩子碰觸對方的隱私部位，以及讓小孩子看帶有裸露人體的圖片和書籍都屬于性侵害。再比如，在何種情況下，應該怎么求助才是安全有效的；傷害我們的不單單只有陌生人，還有可能會是我們的鄰居、老師、校長，甚至親人等等?！?/p>

“我們一直認為，這個課好上，因為講的都是常識；但又不好上，因為既要讓孩子們增強保護意識，又不能給她們造成心理上的陰影，‘性’這方面講到什么度，也是一個因人因地要反復考量的事情?！睂O雪梅說，“我們想，一方面讓孩子們認識自己的身體，知道哪些隱私部位不能隨便讓人碰；第二是分辨和防范性侵；第三是知道遇到性侵時該怎么辦；第四是如果遭遇性侵后怎么辦。如講防性侵不能讓女孩從此對男性敵視，造成性恐懼。還有在遭遇性侵時，要以生命安全為第一，學會安全逃脫。”

“女童保護”項目不但交給孩子該怎么做怎么預防侵害，還不斷培訓老師該如何給孩子們講課，既要照顧留守兒童長期缺失父母關(guān)愛的情緒，還要用孩子們最容易接受的方式和語言來授課?！罢n上盡量避免用‘爸爸媽媽’這種稱呼，而用‘家長’來代替。上課的時候互動游戲還有獎品。老師也應該注意在輔導同學時，不能把異性學生單獨留堂或?qū)㈤T緊鎖，這本身也是對老師和校長的一種監(jiān)督和自我聲譽的保護?！睂O雪梅在接受記者采訪時舉例道?！按蠹叶己芾?，但一想到我們快走一步，就可能少一名女童被侵害，大家熬夜也在所不惜?！?/p>

Girls’ protection:

a long way to go

女童保護任重道遠

Up to December， 2013， the program of “Girls Protection” has conducted lesson of “sex prevention” in many places. It has given a lecture of sexual assault to 5，755 children and handed out 16，920 leaflets of “protecting children” and 6，350 handbooks of sexual assault prevention. At the same time， the survey on the status quo of sexual assault prevention is conducted through questionnaires and the results will be included in an investigation report. Sun Xuemei said: “Recently， we systemized the report and， based on it， gave suggestions to members of National People’s Congress deputies and Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. We hope that they can speak out for children’s safety and the education and legislation of sexual assualt prevention of children.”

截止到2013年12月，“女童保護”項目在多地開展“防性侵”第一課，已進入學校給5755名兒童上過防性侵一堂課；發(fā)放16920份“守護童年”宣傳折頁，發(fā)放6350份防性侵手冊。同時，通過問卷方式開展防性侵現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查，最后將形成調(diào)研報告。孫雪梅說，“最近，我們還將報告整理成建議，交給一些全國人大代表和全國政協(xié)委員，希望他們在兒童安全尤其是兒童防性侵的教育和立法完善方面發(fā)聲?！?/p>

However， there are also a lot of confusions in the actual process of \"Girls Protection\" program. \"They are mainly derived from the barriers in the concept of parents.”Sun Xuemei said in the interview: \"In particular， the effective questionnaires showed that in some areas children's parents do not agree for their children to have “sexual assault prevention education” at such an early age.”

There are also some parents of child victims who are unwilling to take the formal channels to resolve the matters. Probably for fear of the power of the perpetrators or the humiliation of their own families， they are more willing to take methods to hide the problems by tolerating， private settling or transferring to other schools. The perpetrators eventually do not get punished， which could result in more children getting abused.

Sun Xuemei said: \"These show that we still have a long way to go. In the education of sexual assault prevention for children， we should also make the whole society and particularly parents accept prevention education of sexual assault to children. We will popularize it through reporting of the traditional media and new media like micro blog and WeChat to spread knowledge to the whole society.\" We have such a vision: Children regardless of gender can have sexual assault prevention classes together to have a shield of self protection in the living environment which we cannot change.”

不過，在“女童保護”項目開展的實際過程中，也有不少的困惑?！斑@主要還是家長觀念層面的障礙”，孫雪梅在接受記者采訪時說，“特別是收集回來的調(diào)查問卷結(jié)果顯示，部分地區(qū)的兒童家長不接受自己的孩子這么早進行‘防性侵教育’。 ”

還有一些受害兒童的家長，不愿采取正規(guī)渠道解決事情，可能礙于對方的權(quán)勢，可能礙于自己家庭的顏面，他們更多愿意采取隱忍、私聊、轉(zhuǎn)學等方式回避。這樣一來，施暴者最終得不到嚴懲甚至還逍遙法外，從而可能導致更多兒童受到侵害。

“這些都說明我們?nèi)沃氐肋h，在給孩子普及防性侵教育的同時，要讓全社會尤其是家長也接受兒童防性侵教育。這方面我們會通過傳統(tǒng)媒體報道、微博、微信等新媒體渠道，講座等方式，向社會普及常識?！睂O雪梅說，“我們有一個這樣的愿景：每一名兒童，不分男女，希望其能上一堂防性侵的課。即便我們個人無法改變他們的生存環(huán)境時，他們自己能有一個自我保護的盾牌。”

Postscript :

后記：

In fact， \" Girls Protection \" does not only include the aspect of sexual abuse prevention and there are a lot of problems to be solved such as domestic violence ， abuse， school bus safety ， anti- trafficking ， hunger and psychological treatment after injury and so on. Currently， the relevant public service organizations are working on these. Civilian forces and government forces should join hands to hold up the \"protection umbrella\" for girls. Family， society and school work together to promote child protection， purify the social atmosphere and to and create a better growth environment for girls——the future mothers .

其實，“女童保護”問題不僅僅只有防性侵一個方面，有待解決的問題還有很多，比如家暴、虐待、校車安全、防拐、饑餓以及受傷害后的心理治療等等。目前，相關(guān)的公益組織正就這些方面努力。民間力量和政府力量應該攜手撐起女童“保護傘”，家庭、社會、學校通力合作，共同推進兒童保護，凈化社會風氣，方能為女童——未來母親，營造一個美好的成長環(huán)境。