Enhancing Women’s Share in Peace And Security

This is undoubtedly an immense honour for me to be invited to speak at the High Level Panel of the Symposium on “ENHANCING WOMEN’S SHARE IN PEACE AND SECURITY”. I thank President of the Austrian National Council Honorable Madame Doris Bures for her gracious invitation to me.

By now it is well recognized that the world is secure when we focus on ensuring human security and full and equal participation of women at all decision-making levels and in all spheres of human activity and， I would add， at all times.

毫無疑問，能夠在關(guān)于“提升婦女在和平與安全中的份額”高級別小組研討會上發(fā)言，對于我來說無比榮幸。我想感謝奧地利國民議會主席，尊敬的Doris Bures女士對我的邀請。

截至目前，人們普遍承認(rèn)，當(dāng)我們將注意力集中在保證人類安全和保證女性在所有決策層面及人類活動范圍內(nèi)全面、平等的參與，世界就是安全的，我想說，一直如此。

We also need to recognize that in today’s global scenario， women and girls have become increasingly insecure as more governments have become less accountable to the people abusing democratic values， human rights， universal norms and standards. At the same time， let me express my concern that increasing militarization is seriously impacting on women and girls in the worst conceivable manner and at the same time impoverishing the humanity and our planet.

For a long time， the perception has been that women were helpless victims of wars and conflicts. My own experience during the course of my different responsibilities -- more so during past 25 years -- has shown that women’s equal participation in peace work -- in particular peacebuilding -- assures that their experiences， priorities， and solutions contribute to overall stability and to sustainable peace.

From Sierra Leone to Sri Lanka， from Liberia to Lebanon， from Paraguay to the Philippines， from Kosovo to Kazakhstan， from Bhutan to the Bahamas to Burkina Faso， I have seen time and again how women -- even the humblest and the weakest -- have contributed to building the culture of peace in their personal lives， in their families， in their communities and in their nations. The contribution and involvement of women in the eternal quest for peace is an inherent reality.

我們還需承認(rèn)在當(dāng)今的全球背景下，婦女和女童的境況正變的愈加不安全，因?yàn)樵絹碓蕉嗟恼l(fā)不為人民負(fù)責(zé)，他們踐踏民主價(jià)值、人權(quán)，以及統(tǒng)一的規(guī)范和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。與此同時(shí)，我也想表達(dá)我的擔(dān)憂，日益加劇的軍事化正在以我們能想到的最惡劣的方式影響著婦女和女童，同時(shí)摧殘著人性和我們生活的星球。

長時(shí)間以來，人們的意識中婦女是戰(zhàn)爭和沖突無助的受害者。我履行不同職責(zé)的經(jīng)歷——在過去的25年間——顯示，婦女平等地參與和平工作——特別是和平建設(shè)——保證了她們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、工作重點(diǎn)和解決方法為全面穩(wěn)定和可持續(xù)和平做出貢獻(xiàn)。

從塞拉利昂到斯里蘭卡，從利比里亞到黎巴嫩，從巴拉圭到菲律賓，從科索沃到哈薩克斯坦，從不丹到巴哈馬再到布基納法索，我多次目睹女性——即使是最謙卑和最弱小的——怎樣為在她們的生活中、家庭中、社區(qū)中和國家中構(gòu)建和平文化做出貢獻(xiàn)。女性在對和平永恒的探求中的參與和所做的貢獻(xiàn)是一直以來不爭的事實(shí)。

I am often asked how the concept behind 1325 came on to the Security Council agenda for the first time during Bangladesh’s Presidency of the Council in March 2000. My conviction and determination to steer that initiative grew， if I may say， out of my close and long-standing engagement with the international women’s agenda through my many years of regular interaction with civil society. The dynamics of global war and security strategy as it was evolving in a post cold war world situation and the UN General Assembly’s action to adopt a Programme of Action on Culture of Peace， that I also had the honour of steering， prepared the ground for me to raise the issue.

I will proudly reiterate that the International Women's Day -- the Eighth of March -- in 2000 has been an extraordinary day for me and will be so for the rest of my life. On that day -- after intense resistance from important powers， particularly the permanent members， it was possible for me to issue a statement on behalf of the Security Council as its President that formally brought to global attention the contributions women have been making to preventing war， to building peace and to engaging individuals and societies live in harmony. A reality that unfortunately still remains unrecognized， under-utilized and under-valued.

Through its action， for the first time， the UN Security Council， which is entrusted in the Charter of the UN with the responsibility to maintain world peace and security， recognized that “peace is inextricably linked with equality between women and men”， and affirmed the equal access and full participation of women in power structures and their full involvement in all efforts for peace and security.

我經(jīng)常被問到，1325號決議背后的概念是怎樣于2000年3月孟加拉主持安理會會議期間首次進(jìn)入安理會議程。我促進(jìn)該倡議成長的信念和決心，可以說，來自于我通過多年與公民社會的定期互動而建立的與國際婦女議程緊密而又長遠(yuǎn)的約定。全球戰(zhàn)爭的火花和安全策略自冷戰(zhàn)以來就隨著全球格局的改變而發(fā)展，聯(lián)合國大會也通過了和平文化的行動綱領(lǐng)，我也有幸能推動這一綱領(lǐng)的通過，這些都為我提出1325號決議打好了基礎(chǔ)。

我驕傲的重申國際婦女節(jié)——3月8日——無論是在2000年還是在我的余生，對于我來說它都是個(gè)十分特殊的日子。那一天——在來自大國的，特別是那些常任理事國的，強(qiáng)烈反對之后，我得以作為聯(lián)合國安理會的主席代表發(fā)表陳述，正式提請全球關(guān)注女性一直以來為阻止戰(zhàn)爭、建設(shè)和平和使人類和社會生活于和諧中所做出的貢獻(xiàn)。非常不幸的是，這一事實(shí)仍未被承認(rèn)、仍未被充分利用，也被低估了其價(jià)值。

通過這一行動，履行聯(lián)合國憲章委托而擔(dān)負(fù)起維持世界和平與安全責(zé)任的聯(lián)合國安理會，首次承認(rèn)“和平與男女平等緊密相關(guān)，不可分割”，并宣布婦女應(yīng)在權(quán)利結(jié)構(gòu)中擁有平等的獲取和充分的參與，并確定她們應(yīng)充分參與和平與安全的構(gòu)建。

Eight months of our intense negotiations after this conceptual and political breakthrough led to the formal adoption of 1325 by the Security Council in October 2000.

The core focus of this resolution is women’s equal participation at all levels of decision making thereby structuring the peace in a way that there is no recurrence of war and conflict. Here I will assert emphatically that this initiative is not to make war safe for women but to ensure that war is eliminated from our world as an option， as a choice. Recognition that women need to be at the peace tables to make a real difference in transitioning from the cult of war to the culture of peace， I believe， made the passage of 1325 an impressive step forward for women’s equality agenda in contemporary security politics. It brings to fore the crucial importance of focusing on human security replacing the existing state security construct.

Like many of you， I am very encouraged that in choosing the three women laureates for the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize， the citation referred to 1325 saying that “It underlined the need for women to become participants on an equal footing with men in peace processes and in peace work in general.” The Nobel Committee further asserted that “We cannot achieve democracy and lasting peace in the world unless women obtain the same opportunities as men to influence developments at all levels of society.” That is the first time a UN resolution has been quoted by its number in a Nobel Peace Prize citation.

在此概念性和政治性的突破被提出后，經(jīng)過八個(gè)月的激烈協(xié)商，1325號決議最終于2000年10月被安理會正式通過。

這一決議的核心是婦女在各個(gè)決策層面的平等參與，以沒有戰(zhàn)爭和沖突的方式構(gòu)建和平。在此我要強(qiáng)調(diào)這一倡議并不是使戰(zhàn)爭不再傷害婦女，而是將戰(zhàn)爭從我們的世界上消除，因?yàn)閼?zhàn)爭只是一個(gè)選項(xiàng)，一種選擇。人們認(rèn)識到婦女需要出現(xiàn)在和平的談判桌上以促使真正的改變的發(fā)生，將戰(zhàn)爭狂熱轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楹推轿幕?，我相信，這是1325號決議的通過成為當(dāng)代安全政治背景下，女性平等議程中的一個(gè)重要進(jìn)步。它提出我們需要關(guān)注人類安全，取代現(xiàn)存的國家安全建設(shè)，這一點(diǎn)至關(guān)重要。

與你們中的大多數(shù)人一樣，當(dāng)三名女性當(dāng)選為2011年諾貝爾和平獎的候選人時(shí)，我很受鼓舞。來自1325號決議的引文說到，“它強(qiáng)調(diào)需要女性站在與男性平等的角度成為和平進(jìn)程以及廣義上的和平工作的參與者?！敝Z貝爾評審委員會還重申，“我們不能實(shí)現(xiàn)民主和持久的和平，除非女性擁有同男性一樣的機(jī)遇去影響社會各個(gè)層面的發(fā)展?！边@是聯(lián)合國決議首次以其編號名稱被引用在諾貝爾獎的引文中。

Here I would underscore that Article 25 of the UN Charter makes it obligatory on the UN member-states to \"accept and carry out\" this and related decisions of the Security Council. As such， its implementation places a unique and all-embracing responsibility on the international community particularly the United Nations.

However， the historic and operational value of the resolution as the first international policy mechanism that explicitly recognized the gendered nature of war and peace has been undercut by the not-so-encouraging record of its implementation. Women worldwide still make up less than 3 percent of the signatories of peace agreements and only 10 percent of the peace tables. The slogan of the Global Campaign on WPS which we launched in London last June reiterates “If we are serious about peace， we must take women seriously”.

在此我還要強(qiáng)調(diào)聯(lián)合國憲章第二十五條使聯(lián)合國成員國有義務(wù)“接受和執(zhí)行”條款和安理會的相關(guān)決議。因此，其實(shí)施賦予國際社會，尤其是聯(lián)合國，一個(gè)獨(dú)特而又兼收并蓄的責(zé)任。

然而，作為首個(gè)明確承認(rèn)戰(zhàn)爭與和平的性別特征的國際政策機(jī)制，該決議的歷史和操作價(jià)值卻被其“不十分鼓勵性”的實(shí)施記錄所削減。全球的婦女仍舊只占和平協(xié)議簽署人員的3%和和平談判的10%。去年六月我們在倫敦發(fā)起的主題為“婦女、和平、安全”的全球運(yùn)動的口號是，“如果我們是認(rèn)真的對待和平，我們必須認(rèn)真的對待婦女?！?/p>

At the national levels， as of now， only 47 countries out of 193 members of the UN have prepared their National Action Plans （NAPs） for 1325 implementation. Work on few others is in progress. It is a dismal record as we approach the 15th anniversary of the resolution’s adoption next October. Some countries boast that they do not need a national plan as their countries are not in conflict. To that I say emphatically that no country can claim to be not in conflict where women’s rights are denied.

In this context， the role of the UN Secretariat， the Secretary-General in particular， remains to be critically important and much could be achieved by proactive initiatives. Undoubtedly there is a clear need for the Secretary-General’s genuinely active and dedicated engagement in using the moral authority of the United Nations and the high office that he -- or she， as we lobby for the next Secretary-General to be a woman -- occupies for the effective implementation of 1325. The announcement last Friday on 1325’s 14th anniversary of the Secretary-General’s high level panel on peace operations with only three women in a group of 14 has seriously disappointed us all.

在國家層面，目前聯(lián)合國的193個(gè)成員國之中只有47個(gè)已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了有關(guān)1325號決議實(shí)施的國家行動綱領(lǐng)。對其他幾個(gè)國家的工作還在進(jìn)行中。這是一個(gè)蕭條的記錄，而明年十月就是通過該決議的十五周年。一些國家提出他們不需要一個(gè)國家計(jì)劃，因?yàn)樗麄兊膰覜]有處在沖突之中。對此我想說，如果婦女的權(quán)利被否定，沒有任何一個(gè)國家可以聲稱自己沒有處于沖突之中。

在此背景下，聯(lián)合國秘書處，特別是秘書長，仍舊發(fā)揮著重要的作用，并可以通過積極的倡議實(shí)現(xiàn)更多。毫無疑問我們需要秘書長真正意義上活躍的、全身心的投入其中，利用聯(lián)合國的道德權(quán)威，和他——或她，因?yàn)槲覀円恢庇握f希望下一任聯(lián)合國秘書長是一位女性——利用其最高權(quán)力敦促1325號決議的有效執(zhí)行。上個(gè)星期五，也就是1325號決議的第十四周年，聯(lián)合國秘書長宣布成立針對和平行動的高級小組，14名成員中只有3名是女性，這使我們非常失望。

Let me conclude by saying that 1325 is a “common heritage of humanity” wherein the global objectives of peace， equality and development are reflected in a uniquely historic， universal document of the United Nations.

As we look ahead， what is called for is an ever-growing global movement involving more and more women and， of course， men.

This requires our common eagerness， energy and enthusiasm to move forward！

作為總結(jié)，我想說1325號決議是“人類的共同遺產(chǎn)”，其作為聯(lián)合國獨(dú)一無二的歷史性、統(tǒng)一性文件，反映出和平、平等和發(fā)展是全球的目標(biāo)。

當(dāng)我們展望未來，我們需要號召越來越多婦女參與到這個(gè)規(guī)模前所未有的全球運(yùn)動，當(dāng)然，也包括越來越多的男人的參與。

這需要我們共同的渴望、能量和熱情將其推動向前！

We should never forget that when women are marginalized， there is little chance for the world to get sustainable peace and development in the real sense.

我們永不應(yīng)忘記，當(dāng)婦女被邊緣化，世界就沒有機(jī)會實(shí)現(xiàn)真正意義上的可持續(xù)的和平與發(fā)展。