柴河水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程投資控制分析

張曉梅

（遼寧省柴河水庫管理局 ,遼寧 鐵嶺 112000）

柴河水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程投資控制分析

張曉梅

（遼寧省柴河水庫管理局 ,遼寧 鐵嶺 112000）

水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程由于運(yùn)行時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，不確定因素多，工程項(xiàng)目和數(shù)量變化較大，由此引起工程投資的變化。文章通過柴河水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程建設(shè)管理，對(duì)投資控制進(jìn)行了分析、總結(jié)，并提出建議。

除險(xiǎn)加固 ;投資控制;柴河水庫

1 概述

柴河水庫位于遼河中游左側(cè)一級(jí)支流柴河上，壩址座落在鐵嶺縣熊官屯鄉(xiāng)大白梨溝村，距鐵嶺市區(qū) 12 km 處，是一座以防洪、灌溉、工業(yè)和城市供水為主，兼顧發(fā)電、養(yǎng)魚等綜合利用的大Ⅱ型水利樞紐工程。

柴河水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程建設(shè)工期為 2年，工程批復(fù)總投資為 4 820.11 萬元。由于工程規(guī)模大，線長(zhǎng)面廣，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，涉及專業(yè)多，更加受到經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)、自然資源因素的制約，投資控制的難度大。從招標(biāo)開始，項(xiàng)目法人就把投資控制作為重點(diǎn)，堅(jiān)持全過程、全方位投資控制理念。2010 年 8月 30 日審計(jì)確認(rèn)完成投資 4 821.9 萬元，與批復(fù)投資基本一致，柴河水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程投資控制取得這樣的成果主要在3個(gè)方面起到了決定性作用。

2 設(shè)計(jì)工作對(duì)投資控制起主導(dǎo)作用

水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程的特殊性和不確定性致使設(shè)計(jì)工作在常規(guī)工作條件下，還得綜合考慮其他因素，以達(dá)到合理的、能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)最終目的。設(shè)計(jì)工作對(duì)投資控制是起著主導(dǎo)作用的，主要做好以下 2個(gè)方面工作。

1）強(qiáng)化初步設(shè)計(jì)階段，保證設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容不缺項(xiàng)

總概算是初步設(shè)計(jì)的重要組成部分，它必須準(zhǔn)確地反映設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容和設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其深度應(yīng)滿足控制投資計(jì)劃安排和籌集資金的要求。因此，對(duì)除險(xiǎn)加固工程項(xiàng)目、部位、內(nèi)容、技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、施工組織都要細(xì)化，對(duì)隱蔽工程等不確定工程量和勘測(cè)資料或數(shù)據(jù)不齊全，應(yīng)有足夠的富裕度。

2）注重實(shí)施階段設(shè)計(jì)工作，保證投資不超概

為加強(qiáng)工程建設(shè)管理，依據(jù)《建設(shè)工程勘察設(shè)計(jì)管理?xiàng)l例》和《建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量管理?xiàng)l例》等有關(guān)規(guī)定，嚴(yán)格按照基本建設(shè)管理程序，規(guī)范設(shè)計(jì)變更行為，制定了《柴河水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程設(shè)計(jì)工作準(zhǔn)則》，切實(shí)做好設(shè)計(jì)變更工作。

3 招標(biāo)工作對(duì)投資控制起決定作用

項(xiàng)目法人成立后，積極與設(shè)計(jì)部門溝通，對(duì)工程內(nèi)容反復(fù)實(shí)地查勘，對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)方案進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化，不斷挖掘合理、節(jié)約工程投資的潛力。

1）結(jié)合工程實(shí)際，對(duì)加固方案進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。優(yōu)化后的方案有上游壩坡選擇利用料翻砌，102 m 高程以下堆石護(hù)坡；下游壩采取分層鋪筑，基層利用原來合格的料。泄洪洞加固時(shí)滲漏點(diǎn)、滲漏面采用不同的方案；溢洪道底板分段處理等。

2）組建專門機(jī)構(gòu)，對(duì)所需材料來源分布、數(shù)量和市場(chǎng)價(jià)格進(jìn)行調(diào)查，形成多方案分析報(bào)告，專門進(jìn)行研究確定。

3）認(rèn)真審核招標(biāo)文件各部分內(nèi)容，尤其是招標(biāo)圖紙和工程量清單，盡量不要有漏項(xiàng)，審查計(jì)算不要有錯(cuò)誤，避免在實(shí)施階段引起承包人不必要的索賠和設(shè)計(jì)變更等。

4）根據(jù)加固工程的工期安排和施工布置等，合理劃分工程標(biāo)段項(xiàng)目、各合同標(biāo)段的工程任務(wù)界限和招標(biāo)時(shí)間。柴河水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程劃分為 3個(gè)標(biāo)段，分別為泄洪洞尾水渠水毀修復(fù)應(yīng)急工程、一標(biāo)段（大壩、溢洪道、泄洪洞加固、房屋建筑改造、交通工程及水環(huán)境保護(hù)工程等）和二標(biāo)段（大壩安全監(jiān)測(cè)自動(dòng)化改造工程）。

5）嚴(yán)格按照招標(biāo)投標(biāo)法進(jìn)行招標(biāo)和投標(biāo)，認(rèn)真評(píng)審?fù)稑?biāo)文件。對(duì)各投標(biāo)文件都要認(rèn)真審核，注重投標(biāo)工程量清單、單價(jià)分析表、主要材料預(yù)算價(jià)格表和取費(fèi)表是否前后呼應(yīng)，是否存在表述不清、詞義模糊不清容易產(chǎn)生分歧的問題。以避免將來結(jié)算時(shí)產(chǎn)生爭(zhēng)議。若存在上述問題，需要書面澄清。

4 管理工作對(duì)投資控制起關(guān)鍵作用

管理工作是指實(shí)施階段各參建單位包括建設(shè)單位、設(shè)計(jì)單位、監(jiān)理單位、施工單位和其他協(xié)作單位的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)管理工作，各方除按照建設(shè)管理規(guī)定和合同要求履行各自職責(zé)外，還注重到以下問題：

1）規(guī)范施工過程中的設(shè)計(jì)變更程序，加強(qiáng)審查、審核和批準(zhǔn)工作：①重大設(shè)計(jì)變更必須經(jīng)過原審批部門的批準(zhǔn)，對(duì)于通過設(shè)計(jì)變更擴(kuò)大工程建設(shè)規(guī)模，提高工程建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的均屬于重大設(shè)計(jì)變更。②現(xiàn)場(chǎng)除重大設(shè)計(jì)變更且必要的設(shè)計(jì)變更，先作工程量和造價(jià)的增減分析，經(jīng)建設(shè)單位同意，設(shè)計(jì)單位出具相應(yīng)的圖紙和設(shè)計(jì)變更（補(bǔ)充）通知單。對(duì)不符合程序的變更、便條等工程量不予以認(rèn)可。③強(qiáng)監(jiān)理和施工單位提出變更的管理。監(jiān)理單位和施工單位發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)圖中或現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工過程中有需要變更的問題，必須征求建設(shè)單位和設(shè)計(jì)單位的意見，不允許擅自進(jìn)行變更，對(duì)監(jiān)理單位和施工單位擅自變更設(shè)計(jì)的，不予以認(rèn)可。

2）嚴(yán)格現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工程量簽證的確認(rèn)和審查。盡管經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)深化和工程量清單詳審，但水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程難以預(yù)料的情況很多，仍有很多現(xiàn)場(chǎng)簽證。因此，在明確簽證程序和要求之外，還要從幾個(gè)方面嚴(yán)格控制：①清單中包含的項(xiàng)目或內(nèi)容不得進(jìn)行簽證，已簽證的工程量，應(yīng)予以扣除。②工程現(xiàn)場(chǎng)簽證必須有建設(shè)單位現(xiàn)場(chǎng)代表、工程部負(fù)責(zé)人、主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、設(shè)計(jì)代表、監(jiān)理單位現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)理、總監(jiān)理工程師、施工單位工程部、合同部、技術(shù)負(fù)責(zé)人和項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理簽字蓋章。③審查現(xiàn)場(chǎng)簽證的項(xiàng)目和內(nèi)容是否與合同要求一致、清楚，工程量計(jì)算、規(guī)格、單位和日期是否準(zhǔn)確。

綜上所述，水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程投資控制是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)工程，需要進(jìn)行全方位、全過程的管理。通過該工程的實(shí)踐，可以表明建設(shè)前期和設(shè)計(jì)階段是控制投資最起決定性的作用，且挖掘潛力很大，應(yīng)該予以高度重視。同時(shí)，建設(shè)單位要緊緊抓住設(shè)計(jì)階段和招標(biāo)階段，控制施工階段，才能很好地控制整個(gè)項(xiàng)目工程投資，對(duì)物價(jià)上漲、材料短缺等困難有所準(zhǔn)備，最終在批復(fù)概算限額內(nèi)完成工程建設(shè)任務(wù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)水庫除險(xiǎn)加固工程目的

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TV122

A

1002－0624（2014）01－0069－02

2013-08-04