段興斌
中圖分類號:G642.0 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:B 文章編號:1672-1578(2014)02-0128-01
1.近年英語高考中"強(qiáng)調(diào)句型"考情
強(qiáng)調(diào)句是一種修辭,是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_(dá)自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種形式。仔細(xì)研究近年高考題,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)"強(qiáng)調(diào)句型"倍受出題者的青睞。在近五年的高考試卷中考查這一語法現(xiàn)象的試題就有19個(gè),已經(jīng)成為高考的熱點(diǎn)。命題者加大了對句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜程度和知識面的考查,同時(shí)注重考查知識之間的交叉和語法知識的力度。下面我結(jié)合本人的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)把對這一語法的規(guī)律和大家共同探討。
2.英語"強(qiáng)調(diào)句型"答題方法技巧
2.1 考前應(yīng)認(rèn)真研讀高考題目,了解高考題目的立意方向和設(shè)問風(fēng)格,做到知彼知己,百戰(zhàn)不殆。
2.2 加強(qiáng)語法專項(xiàng)練習(xí),反復(fù)訓(xùn)練,確保記憶準(zhǔn)確,掌握牢固。
2.3 注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句和其他幾種從句的關(guān)系,找出異同,做到舉一反三。
2.4 掌握強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本式及其變式,高考的考查方向一向以實(shí)用為主,故可能會在長句中考查。建議大家從題型入手,仔細(xì)分析強(qiáng)調(diào)句的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),以不變應(yīng)萬變。
3.英語"強(qiáng)調(diào)句型"的有關(guān)知識
3.1 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(通常是主語、賓語或狀語)+that/who+其它部分。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為人時(shí),且在句中做主語時(shí)可用who,也可用that,其他情況一律用that,強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí),that后的謂語動(dòng)詞必須與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的that,who在任何情況下都不省略。
下面我們針對I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語:It was I that(who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語:It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語:It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday. 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語:It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.
2009年浙江卷第四題即為基本結(jié)構(gòu)的考查:--I've read another book this week.Well,maybe is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
A. this B. that C. there D. it
解析:分析答語句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處構(gòu)成it is…that…強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是not how much you read but what you read。故答案為D.
3.2 側(cè)重考查特殊疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。這一句型的演化過程用例句展示為:You usually go to work by bus.(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語)→It is by bus that you usually go to work.(劃線部分提問)→How is it that you usually go to work?你通常是怎樣去上班的?2006年山東卷32題即為此種考查:I just wonder that makes him so excited.
A.why it does B.what he does? C.how it is D.what it is
解析:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處考查特殊疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型且放置在賓語從句位置,句子要用陳述語序,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分實(shí)際是賓語從句的主語。故答案為D。
3.3 綜合考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)和not...until句式。not...until句式用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為It was not until...that...格式,命題切入點(diǎn)主要有三個(gè)方面:一是考查It was not until的正確形式(通常用其肯定式進(jìn)行干擾),二是考查其中的that的正確用法(通常用when等干擾),三是考查not until后的語序(應(yīng)用正常語序,但可能用倒裝語序來干擾)。如:
3.3.1 It washe came back from Africa that yearhe met the girl he would like to marry. (江西卷)
A. when;then?搖 B. not;until?搖 C. not until;that D. only;when
答案為C??疾閚ot...until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句形式,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是It was not until...that...。如:It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness. 直到我遇到你以后,我才真正體會到幸福。
3.3.2 Itwe had stayed together for a couple of weeksI found we had a lot in common. (浙江卷)
A. was until;when?搖?搖 B. was until;that
C. wasn't until;when?搖?搖 D. wasn't until;that
答案為D。此題考查not...until句式的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式It was not until...that...的用法。注意不要想當(dāng)然地將其中的that換成when。endprint
3.4 綜合考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)和not...but...句式。not...but...句式的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)所采用的命題形式通常為It is not...but...that...。如:
3.4.1 It is not who is right but what is rightis of importance. (重慶卷)
A. which?搖?搖 B. it?搖?搖 C. that?搖?搖 D. this
答案為C。此題考查It is...that...這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句式,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是not who is right but what is right。全句意為:重要的不是誰是對的,而是什么才是對的。
3.4.2 ―I've read another book this week.
―Well,maybeis not how much you read but what you read that counts. (浙江卷)
A. this?搖?搖 B. that?搖?搖 C. there?搖?搖 D. it
答案為D。此題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的用法。It is not how much you read but what you read that counts其實(shí)是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句,其意為:重要的不是你讀了多少,而是你讀了些什么。句中的count意為"重要""有重要性",與動(dòng)詞matter意思相同。
3.5 與狀語從句的辨析。
⑤It was at 9 0''clock that he arrived at the airport. 是在九點(diǎn)鐘他到的機(jī)場。
⑥It was9 0''clock when he arrived at the airport.他到機(jī)場時(shí),九點(diǎn)了。
句⑤是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語"at 9 0''clock",該句可改為:He arrived at the airport at 9 0'' clock.
句⑥為含有時(shí)間狀語的主從復(fù)合句。
注意:"It is/was-- that--"結(jié)構(gòu)不能用來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語,如果一個(gè)句子呵以用do/does/did來構(gòu)成否定句,那么,它就可以用"does/do/did+動(dòng)詞原形"這一結(jié)構(gòu)來對謂語進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。其中,does用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù),do用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)其他各人稱以及第二人稱祈使句,did用于一般過去時(shí)各人稱。endprint