俄羅斯當(dāng)代油畫驚艷杭城

周敏杰

前不久，一場“俄羅斯當(dāng)代油畫精品展”在杭州展出，俄羅斯當(dāng)代油畫家的100多幅精品油畫驚艷杭城，吸引了大批觀眾和專家觀摹與熱評。

展出的作品全部出自當(dāng)代俄羅斯畫家之手。這些作品風(fēng)格各異、色彩濃郁，不僅生動地展現(xiàn)了俄羅斯的風(fēng)土人情、自然景色和人物風(fēng)貌，凸顯油畫藝術(shù)的迷人魅力，而且形象地反映出當(dāng)代俄羅斯藝術(shù)家們崇尚自然、真實、完美的審美情趣，還充分地體現(xiàn)了俄羅斯藝術(shù)的發(fā)展及其在世界藝術(shù)史上的重要地位。中國美術(shù)學(xué)院油畫系胡振宇教授感慨地說道：“這是我在杭州第一次這么大范圍地接觸到當(dāng)代俄羅斯油畫，這些作品的確跟老一輩畫家風(fēng)格完全不同，這一代畫家有他們自己的藝術(shù)語言，但同時又能從色彩和筆觸上看出傳承前輩的影子。能把他們的優(yōu)秀作品集中到一起展出，這樣的機會很好，也很難得。 ”

從公元9世紀的蛋彩畫到今天，俄羅斯油畫已經(jīng)走過了一千多年的歷程。19世紀已是俄羅斯油畫發(fā)展和成熟時期。

當(dāng)代俄羅斯部分著名畫家，他們都有作品在中國杭州“俄羅斯當(dāng)代油畫精品展”中展出。

Russian artists represented at the Exhibition of Russian Oil Painting Masterpieces in Hangzhou

今天的俄羅斯油畫擁有堅實的歷史文化傳統(tǒng)。中國美術(shù)批評家年會學(xué)術(shù)委員、浙江大學(xué)美學(xué)與批評理論研究所所長沈語冰教授是此次展覽的學(xué)術(shù)主持。在展覽開幕之前，他特意為到場的觀眾講解了當(dāng)代俄羅斯油畫的美學(xué)價值以及如何鑒賞本次參展作品。他說：“這批畫家年齡大約在五六十歲，既繼承了傳統(tǒng)俄羅斯油畫的精神，又逐漸從趨向?qū)憣嵉亩砹_斯畫派中走出來，比如庫拉科夫，他的人物畫用色明亮大膽，造型上也有些許夏加爾的影子，可以明顯地看到畫家受巴黎畫派的影響很深。 ”他的講解讓觀眾聽得津津有味，座無虛席，來遲一點的只能站著聽。

作為世界上最具有文化藝術(shù)底蘊的俄羅斯油畫，無論是意境深幽的自然景色，還是樸實真切的人物形象，總能夠帶給觀眾一種特殊的親切和感動。就在2013年上半年，此次參展的畫家中的謝夫楚科、德米特里、拉申得以及斯威特萊娜四位藝術(shù)家都曾到訪過杭州，并在西湖邊游覽與寫生。曾經(jīng)陪著他們寫生的沈語冰教授向大家一一作了介紹。

澡堂 斯威特萊娜作 Bath House， by Swetlena

FRIENDSHIP友好往來

畫展中謝夫楚科的《泊位》《中國景》、斯威特萊娜的《金色船頂》《相遇中國》就是他們在西子湖畔體驗生活后創(chuàng)作的作品。中國杭州的風(fēng)景在俄羅斯畫家的眼里是怎么樣的？是春天的垂柳、煙雨中的湖山，還是金色的船頂、停泊在岸邊的游船？那幅《泊位》用灰色的油彩勾勒了一幅中國水墨畫般的西湖小景。遠處的湖面空遠淡雅，給人以遐想空間；近景中并泊的游船，體現(xiàn)了西方油畫的藝術(shù)魅力。而《金色船頂》中金色的船頂和紅色的船體形成濃郁的東方風(fēng)情。右邊綠色的柳樹，在色彩和構(gòu)圖上剛好平衡了左邊的游船。這兩幅描繪西湖勝景的作品都顯得靈動、親切，充滿著人文關(guān)懷。

俄羅斯當(dāng)代著名畫家瓦西里 ·謝夫楚科系俄羅斯功勛藝術(shù)家、圣彼得堡油畫家協(xié)會理事。1992年畢業(yè)于列賓美術(shù)學(xué)院，也是該學(xué)院優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)生金獎獲得者。他與夫人謝夫楚科·斯威特萊娜女士是家喻戶曉的享譽俄羅斯當(dāng)代畫壇的藝術(shù)家伉儷。他們的許多作品被俄羅斯、美國、法國、瑞典、英國、德國等國家博物館收藏。

在眾多的俄羅斯油畫作品中，風(fēng)景油畫占有很大的比例，很多人認為，油畫作品所描繪的風(fēng)景意境是其他畫作所不能比擬的。拉申得的布面油畫《海風(fēng)》，那無形的海風(fēng)通過有形的海浪表現(xiàn)出來。一層一層的海浪在海風(fēng)的推動下涌向岸邊，拍打巖石，化成白色的浪花。這些浪花像白色的海鷗一樣自由飛舞。

一幅呈現(xiàn)著生機勃勃田園之景的《澡堂》，鮮艷明亮的色彩仿佛讓我們仿佛聞到鄉(xiāng)野的清新氣息。整幅畫面沒有人物，但是屋前幾只啄食的母雞和旁邊的手推車告訴人們，木屋的主人或許剛剛離開。

人物畫在俄羅斯油畫中特色鮮明，獨具個性。無論是人物肖像，還是在一定場景中的群像，或堅毅、粗獷，或曼妙、細膩，都能讓人感覺到厚實飽滿，親切傳神。

盧卡申諾克的《西班牙的旋律》，大膽地使用濃烈的色塊，冷暖色調(diào)交織出舞廳的繁華熱鬧。吉他的旋律透過繽紛的色彩，讓人感到激越，人物的舞蹈讓畫面充滿動感。作品妙在整幅畫面色彩厚重，卻不顯得紛雜眩目。畫家是搭配顏色的高手，善于吸納版畫、雕塑的元素，使作品具備極佳的裝飾效果。

西班牙的旋律 盧卡申諾克作

Spanish Melody， by Lukasennov

沐浴 薩卡洛夫作 Bathing， by Sokolov

金色船頂 斯威特萊娜作

Golden Roofs， by Swetlena

畫作在寧靜中顯示艷麗，但這種艷麗又不失優(yōu)雅。

俄羅斯油畫是世界繪畫藝術(shù)史上濃墨重彩的篇章，也是人們認識和學(xué)習(xí)俄羅斯文化、解讀俄羅斯風(fēng)情的重要途徑。俄羅斯作為中國的友好鄰邦，兩國不僅在科技經(jīng)濟方面交流甚多，在文化與藝術(shù)上也是密切合作，共同發(fā)展。我國當(dāng)代的很多著名油畫

家都曾師從俄羅斯藝術(shù)大師。正如俄羅斯文學(xué)影響了數(shù)代中國

讀者一樣，俄羅斯油畫也影響了我國一代又一代藝術(shù)家。俄羅斯當(dāng)代油畫依然以其真誠與美麗打動著今天的中

國觀眾?！?/p>

Russian Colors Amaze Hangzhou

從法國進修造型藝術(shù)回國不久的李蒙先生在一幅《沐浴》畫前駐足觀摹。他告訴筆者，這幅畫是薩卡洛夫的代表作，線條和色調(diào)處理得非常好，很美。整個構(gòu)圖看似平面化，卻又充滿縱深感。前景的花卉與后面的人物構(gòu)成了畫面的視覺空間。

By Zhou Minjie

An oil painting exhibition held in Hangzhou from September 10 through 20， 2013 brought the virtuoso art of Russia into the capital of Zhejiang and amazed the art circles and oil painting lovers of the city. More than 100 oil painting works， all by contemporary Russian artists， drew an elite turnout.

Representing various genres and styles， the paintings demon-strate the colorful folk charm and scenic beauty of Russia in vibrant colors， vividly reflecting the artists aesthetic pursuit for naturalism， truth and perfection， as well as the indispensable role the Russian arts play in the worlds art history.

“This is the first time the contemporary trends of Russian oil paintings are brought to Hangzhou with such a scale. The style of the new generation of Russian oil painting artists is noticeably dif-ferent from their predecessors. The exhibition provides a golden chance for people in Hangzhou to relish the unique artistic lan-guage of contemporary Russian art circle. The influences from the elder generations are woven magically into the colors and strokes，” comments Hu Zhenyu， from the Oil Painting Department of China Academy of Art.

The history of the art of Russian oil painting dates back more

than 1，000 years ago in the 9th Century. The 19th Century also saw the heyday of the Russian oil painting artists community. Today， the solid cultural and historical foundation still constitutes the essence of the Russian oil painting landscape.

A brief lecture by Shen Yubing， a professor from Zhejiang Uni-versity and an attendee of the annual meeting of the China Art Crit-ics Association， took place prior to the opening of the exhibition. Shen shared with the audience the aesthetic basics of contemporary Russian oil painting with the visitors.

“Most of the participating artists were born in the 1940s-1950s， which makes them take the transition role by breaking away with the conventional realism framework while maintaining the core spirit of the tradition. An outstanding example is Kulakov， whose portrait oil paintings are characteristic of bold， vibrant colors and noticeable influences from Marc Chagall （a Russian-French artist and ‘the quintessential Jewish artist of the twentieth century）.”

The oil painting artist community is a dazzling star in the world's art galaxy， known for its unrivalled high artistry interpreted through natural， clear and very moving conceptions that touch the depths of the hearts of the viewers. Four of the participating artists visited Hangzhou earlier last year. The beauty of the West Lake and the landscape of the lakeshores is recounted in their virtuoso strokes and colors in such genius impromptu pieces as Berth， Encounter with China and China Landscape， all highlighting how the unique flair of the Western-style art of oil painting gets woven with tradi-tional Oriental elements.

The Russian oil painting masters are famed for their aptness in presenting the subtlest enchantment of natural landscapes， as shown in one of the pieces， named Wind from the Sea. The motion of the intangible wind fluttering with the undulating waves towards the shores and producing a milky smother of foam is magically pre-sented on a piece of canvas.

Another piece that beautifully conveys the expressive force of Russian oil painting is Bathhouse， in which festive， flaming colors bring the refreshing pastoral aroma into full swing. The pecking hens and a trolley nearby insinuate the owner of the wooden hut has

泊位 謝夫楚科作 Mooring berth， by Shevchuk

中國景 謝夫楚科作 A Chinese Scene， by Shevchuk

just left.

Russian oil painting artists also enjoy a special position in the portrait painting vista of the world. They are all masters of colors， texture and composition. The mellowness of the colors and exqui-site brushwork make every piece lifelike and breathe. The color scheme is flamboyant but not too dazzling， complete with a fitting use of printing and sculpting touches in the collage of colors that creates supreme decorative effects.

The oil paintings constitute a crucial part in the cultural landscape of Russia and in the painting art history of the world. It is the long-standing tradition of cultural cooperation and communication be-tween China and Russia that makes such profound artistry open for generations of Chinese artists to learn from， just like how the Chinese literati has drawn inspiration from their Russian counterparts.