摘 要:高中英語教學(xué)中,需要讀寫綜合課型來培養(yǎng)閱讀技巧和書面表達(dá)能力。讀寫基礎(chǔ)知識的操練過程應(yīng)遵循“輸入—— 操練—— 應(yīng)用”的語言操練順序。閱讀的目的是汲取信息、獲取知識,寫的目的是表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)、傳遞信息。多年實(shí)踐教學(xué)證明“4P”模式,即:Preparation,Presentation,Practice and Production,是效果顯著的課堂模式。
關(guān)鍵詞:閱讀 寫作 4P模式
中圖分類號:G633.4 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:1673-9795(2013)04(c)-0202-01
Preparation是課前要布置些“軟作業(yè)”,內(nèi)容可以是task或case或project,即圍繞一個話題、功能歸納或預(yù)習(xí)詞匯、短語、句型;上課先檢查、討論,這樣做把已知信息和要學(xué)習(xí)的信息有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來,為下一步做好準(zhǔn)備,有利于兩堂課之間的銜接。
Presentation是教師引導(dǎo)、組織學(xué)生參與積極、主動的認(rèn)知活動,是教師和全體學(xué)生的互動,教師要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過觀察、對比、分析、歸納,采用問答、討論等形式,來突破難點(diǎn),搞好新舊知識之間遷移,加深理解,掌握規(guī)則,要做到以學(xué)為主體。
Practice是語言實(shí)踐,對學(xué)過的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,如詞匯、句型、重要段落要通過朗讀、重復(fù)、記憶、替換、造句等形式來鞏固。練習(xí)的方式是聽、說、讀、寫、譯。圍繞重點(diǎn)(如話題,功能),把語言知識上升為語言技能,解決use層面上的問題,要從詞匯、短語、搭配、句子開始,循序漸進(jìn)地上升到語篇層次,為下一步做好準(zhǔn)備。
Production是生成,輸出課堂上所學(xué)的語言,屬于語言的應(yīng)用。要針對一堂課所學(xué)的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,在下課前十分鐘做這種練習(xí)。要保證一定的練習(xí)量,要求熟練,但不能占用過多的時間。課堂上做的是指導(dǎo)性的,大量的要留到課堂下,作為課后作業(yè)來完成。這樣就和下一堂課的preparation銜接起來了,形成循環(huán)。例如:高中英語第一冊(人教版)第十單元課文的教學(xué)過程如下所述。
1 Preparation(課前homework)
(Reading the text carefully and answering the following questions:)
(1)Are tigers grass-eating or meat-eating animals?
(2)What do tigers chiefly feed on?
(3)Are deer grss-eating or meat-eating animals?
(4)What do deer chiefly feed on?
(5)Why do deer have not enough food to eat?
(6)What can we do to help endangered animals?
(take measures,make laws,enough habitats)
2 Presentation
Checking the homework (SS:Answering them in pairs.T:Keeping a record on the blackboard).
The possible answers to the questions:
(1)Tigers are meat-eating animals.
(2)…
3 Practice
(T:Writing a short passage.The title:Tigers are in danger.SS Practising in pairs themselves.)
4 Production
(T:Let the SS read aloud their passages one after another,paying attention to some idioms and grammatical mistakes.)
The possible passage:
Tigers are in danger
Tigers are meat-eating animals.They mainly feed on deer and other grass-eating animals.Now,deer are short of food and tigers have not enough food to hunt.In other words,the chain of creatures has been broken and the balance of nature has been lost.If animals,our best friends and neighbours die out,human beings will die out sooner or later,too.
We should take measures to protect animals,plants and the enviroment.We should make laws to forbid killing animals to sell their fur and their bones for medicine,cutting down trees and polluting the environment.We have to leave more areas for animals to hide in.Only in this way can we keep the balance of nature and save ourselves.
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]戴煒棟,張雪梅.探索有中國特色的英語教學(xué)理論體系:思考與建議[J].外語研究,2001(2):1-4.
[2]汪婧.英語專業(yè)聽說課實(shí)踐性教學(xué)體系的探究[J].海外英語(中旬刊),2011(6).