刊首語(yǔ)

20年前，我曾花費(fèi)當(dāng)時(shí)幾乎全部積蓄，買了一部品質(zhì)和實(shí)用俱佳的相機(jī)，但不久就在報(bào)紙上看到一篇豆腐塊大小的文章，說(shuō)我們所用的膠片相機(jī)很快就會(huì)被淘汰，一種數(shù)字相機(jī)將取而代之，這種相機(jī)不使用膠片，拍攝也不需要花費(fèi)任何額外的費(fèi)用。剛買的相機(jī)就面臨淘汰，真是令人難以接受。

那時(shí)，普通人根本不了解數(shù)字技術(shù)，計(jì)算機(jī)在風(fēng)景園林中的應(yīng)用也極其有限。1990年代中期以前，中國(guó)的風(fēng)景園林師還延續(xù)著幾十年不變的工作方式。他們借助膠片相機(jī)踏勘現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，由于膠卷和沖洗費(fèi)用很貴，經(jīng)常是反復(fù)斟酌才能按下相機(jī)快門。在工作室，大家趴在圖板上，用丁字尺、三角板、針管筆、毛筆和各色顏料，繪圖作畫。

隨后，極個(gè)別風(fēng)景園林師先行一步，接觸到電腦，并研究了一些繪圖和設(shè)計(jì)軟件。當(dāng)他們向大家展示用Auto CAD畫出的精準(zhǔn)的二維圖紙、Photoshop強(qiáng)大的圖像處理能力、3D MAX建模及實(shí)景渲染、GIS分析，以及精美的打印成果時(shí)，絕大多數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)師都難以掩飾驚訝和羨慕之情，內(nèi)心中更充滿了學(xué)習(xí)這些技術(shù)的渴望。那時(shí)，能借助電腦進(jìn)行繪圖，特別是能建模的設(shè)計(jì)師，儼然都成了大師。

但很快，計(jì)算機(jī)在風(fēng)景園林中迅速普及開(kāi)來(lái)。今天，剛?cè)胄械脑O(shè)計(jì)師根本無(wú)法想象以前的工作方式，因?yàn)樵陲L(fēng)景園林中使用計(jì)算機(jī)已是習(xí)以為常。從信息的采集、分析、處理，到設(shè)計(jì)、模型、圖紙表達(dá)、數(shù)據(jù)傳輸、遠(yuǎn)程設(shè)計(jì)、資源共享、設(shè)計(jì)交流、匯報(bào)與研討，再到施工控制與管理，任何環(huán)節(jié)都離不開(kāi)計(jì)算機(jī)。短短20年，表面上看，數(shù)字技術(shù)徹底改變了風(fēng)景園林師的繪圖工具和工作方式，提高了風(fēng)景園林師的工作效率和設(shè)計(jì)精度，降低了設(shè)計(jì)成本，但從深層上看，數(shù)字技術(shù)帶來(lái)的是一場(chǎng)設(shè)計(jì)革命，它改變了風(fēng)景園林師的設(shè)計(jì)思維。數(shù)字化設(shè)計(jì)和數(shù)字化建造帶來(lái)了人類數(shù)千年建造史上從來(lái)沒(méi)有的結(jié)構(gòu)、形態(tài)、語(yǔ)言和工藝。可以說(shuō)，數(shù)字化給我們帶來(lái)了全新的視覺(jué)世界，也帶來(lái)了全新的生活方式。

今天的風(fēng)景園林師的設(shè)計(jì)思維和工作方式是很多人在20年前無(wú)法想象的，那么20年后的風(fēng)景園林又將怎樣？或許，設(shè)計(jì)只是一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，沒(méi)有藍(lán)圖，也無(wú)需施工隊(duì)，整個(gè)工程都將用三維打印機(jī)在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)打印出來(lái)。或許，借助數(shù)字地球就能科學(xué)、直觀、動(dòng)態(tài)地模擬任何規(guī)劃對(duì)于整個(gè)地球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響……

數(shù)字技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展為風(fēng)景園林帶來(lái)無(wú)限可能。但我確信，無(wú)論何時(shí)，風(fēng)景園林師用眼睛去觀察世界、用心靈與土地溝通的方法永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)改變。那些使用了幾百上千年的思考和推敲設(shè)計(jì)的方法如徒手草圖和實(shí)體模型，也并不會(huì)就此退出歷史舞臺(tái)。好的設(shè)計(jì)師，絕不在于他掌握了怎樣的技術(shù)，更在于他有怎樣的頭腦。

PREFACE

20 years ago, while I spent most of my savings to buy a practical camera of high quality, I was soon acquainted by a piece of news from a newspaper that the film cameras we used would in no time be replaced by digital cameras which is film-free and with no extra shooting costs. It was sulky to find out that my new camera would be soon eliminated.

Back then, digital technology was stranger to ordinary people, and computers were barely applied in Landscape Architecture. Before the mid 1990s, China's landscape architects were still working in an ancient style. They used film cameras to investigate sites, which was expensive because hundreds of thousands photos will be taken and developed; in the studio, they buried themselves in drawing boards using traditional tools such as T-square, set square, needle pen, writing brush and pigments to draw and map.

Later on, some landscape architects took the first step to engage with computers and developed some sort of drawing and designing software. When they demonstrated the accurate 2d drawings made by Auto CAD, the image processing capabilities of Photoshop, 3D MAX modeling and live-scenery rendering, GIS analysis and exquisite printings, most designers were shocked and admiring, hungering for learning those technologies. It was in an age where any designer who was able to use computer-aided drawing, especially those who can model with software, was regarded as "master".

It didn't take long for computers to popularize in Landscape Architecture. Today, fresh designers have been used to computers and could not even image how the old fashion working pattern was like. Every single design step, from information collecting, analyzing and processing, to designing, modeling, drawing expression,data transmission, remote design, resource sharing, design exchanging, reporting and researching, and construction control and management, is tied up to computers. In just 20 years, digital technology has turned around landscape architects' working pattern and tools, increasing their working efficiency and design accuracy while reducing the design cost. From a deeper point of view, it is an ideological revolution that digital technology has caused among landscape architects. Digital design and digital construction have brought structure, form,language and craft that were unprecedented in thousands of years of human's construction history. So to speak,digitization has created a brand-new visual world and life style to us.

Today, landscape architects' design thinking and working pattern is unimaginable from 20 years ago. So what will Landscape Architecture be like 20 years later? Maybe design will become just a data base. Maybe there will be no blueprints or construction teams, and the whole construction can be "printed" out on site by a 3D printer. Perhaps, with "digital earth's" help, people can simulate any planning's effects on the whole planet's ecosystem scientifically, directly and dynamically…

Infinite possibilities have come with digital technology's continuous development to Landscape Architecture. However, I am convinced that no matter when, the way the landscape architects observe the world with their own eyes, and the method they use to communicate with lands with their hearts, will remain unchanged. Those traditional design thinking and methods such as free-hand drafting and mocking up which was used thousands of years will, as well, continue to stay on the stage of history. A good design is not what technologies he uses, but more how he thinks and sees.