“首字母短文填詞”題型點(diǎn)撥與操練

安徽省濉溪縣百善中學(xué) 姜經(jīng)志

“首字母短文填詞”題型是根據(jù)短文句意和已給的首字母，在短文句子的空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，使句子意思完整、語法正確的一種題型。該題型既考查學(xué)生的單詞記憶和拼寫能力，又考查學(xué)生對短文和句子的理解和運(yùn)用的能力。做好這類題，主要應(yīng)從以下幾個(gè)方面入手。

1.通讀全句，把握句意。只有文章意思清楚了，才可能根據(jù)文意進(jìn)行合理的判斷，從而有可能突然產(chǎn)生“靈感”，將斷層點(diǎn)的意義信息比較準(zhǔn)確的反映出來。

2.注意精讀，反復(fù)琢磨。做這類題，有的可根據(jù)固定用法來判斷，有的可通過上下文意思判斷。遇到難詞時(shí)，就抓住空詞句及其前后的句子反復(fù)推敲、再三琢磨該詞在句中的作用，由此判斷出該詞的意義。

3.把握詞義，填寫準(zhǔn)確。這里的“準(zhǔn)確”

應(yīng)包括：1）符合要求。即所填單詞必須以規(guī)定字母開頭。2）符合意思。既符合整篇文章的基調(diào)，更符合所在句子的含義。3）符合語法。意義相符了，單詞選準(zhǔn)了，還要注意所填單詞是否要作詞形變化：如名詞是否要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，形容詞是否要用比較級，動詞是否要變時(shí)態(tài)等。

4.復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案?？此顔卧~是不是最佳單詞，拼寫是否準(zhǔn)確無誤，詞形是滯要作必要的變化，短文是滯前后連貫一致，情節(jié)發(fā)展是否合理，議論是否合乎邏輯等。

【實(shí)題分析】

George and his wife were looking around for a bigger house.The first place they saw was a bit f__1__from their office.It would take much time to go to work.The second place was larger b__2__didn’t have a garden.Then they visited a t__3__and a fourth places.Both were too expensive.They n__4__lost hope.

Yesterday they f__5__a less expensive house—a four-bedroomed house with a little lawn at the front.It was just what the children n__6__.but some of the roofs and walls were b__7__.George needed much money to r_____8 the house.

So George asked his father to lend him some money.George’s father wasn’t sure if his son would be a__9__to return the money.He thought for a while，then he said，“you grew up w__10__a garden.I don’t think it’s a must for the children to play in a garden.”

【答案與解析】

通讀全文，可以了解到本文講述的是George 一家找一套大房子的選房過程。

1.從后面句子中的take much time to go to work 可知應(yīng)填far，far from 意為“遠(yuǎn)離”

2.該空前后兩部分具有轉(zhuǎn)折意義，應(yīng)填一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，but 既符合首字母要求，又表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義，所以填but。

3.從后面的a fourth 可得出此處應(yīng)填third。

4.George 夫婦在看了四個(gè)地方后，都不滿意，可知他們幾乎失去了希望，所以應(yīng)填nearly。

5.從句意可知他們找到了一處較為便宜的房子，所以確定應(yīng)填find，再根據(jù)全文的時(shí)態(tài)，得出應(yīng)填found。

6.從句意可知這塊草地正是孩子們需要的，所以應(yīng)填needed。

7.此處所填的單詞應(yīng)該和后一句連起來看，此句的開頭是一個(gè)but，可知雖好，但房頂和墻壁有問題。后一句說George 需要很多錢。根據(jù)首字母可知是房子有破損，所以應(yīng)填broken。

8.房頂和墻壁有破損，自然是需要修補(bǔ)，所以應(yīng)填repair。

9.根據(jù)句意可知George 的父親是在猶豫George 能否還了錢，be able to 意為“能夠做……”，所以應(yīng)填able。

10.根據(jù)上下文得出，父親不想給George 借錢，因此把George 小時(shí)候沒有在花園玩兒，也長大了作為借口，所以應(yīng)填without。

【小試牛刀】

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示寫出所缺單詞，補(bǔ)全短文，使短文完整通順。

（A）

If you do not use your arms and legs for some time，they will become weak.When you start using them again，they slowly become s__1__again.Everybody knows that but many people do not seem to know memories (記憶力) work in the s__2__way.

When someone says that he has a g_____3 memory，he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by u__4__it.When some one says that his memory is poor，he really means that he does not give it enough c_____5 to become strong.

If a friend tell s us that he has a poor memory，many of us may think his p_____6 should be blamed (被責(zé)備)，and f__7__of us know that it is his o__8__fault (過失) rather than his parents’.Have you ever found that some people can’t read or write but usually they have b__9__memories? This is because they can’t read or write and they have to try to r__10__things well.Well.Their memories are always exercised.

So if you want to have a good memory，practice remembering things in a way as other people do.

(B)

School education is very important and useful.S__1__can get a lot of knowledge (知識) at school.But no one can learn e_____2

from school.Great s__3__such as Galileo and Einstein got a lot of knowledge out of school or in practice by themselves.A teacher can’t teach his students everything even though (即使) he k__4__a lot.His j__5__is to show his students how to learn，how to read and how to think.A good teacher with rich experience in t__6__can teach his students the ways of study.Through these ways the students are a__7__to learn and get a lot of things by themselves.

Usually it is very e__8__for the students to remember some rules，but it is very difficult to use those rules to s__9__some problems.If a teacher really shows the students the ability of how to u__10__knowledge，they will get more by themselves.