從細節(jié)入手做好閱讀理解題

王天和

我們學習英語的一個重要目的是獲取信息，而閱讀是我們獲取外界信息的重要途徑之一，因此閱讀理解是各地中考英語題型之一，其比重也越來越大，題型豐富，范圍廣，體裁多樣化。但無論怎樣變化，閱讀理解題中對文章細節(jié)的理解是?？嫉模饕康氖强疾槲覀兪欠褡x懂了文章所描述的內容。這類題雖然簡單，但我們在實際的考試中常出錯。那么如何做好這類題呢？下面以2012年重慶市中考英語卷閱讀理解D篇為例，加以說明。

①A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the correct time and is never late for anything.

②An unpunctual man never does what he has to do at the right time. He is always in a hurry and in the end loses both time and his good name. A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be got back. Time is more useful than material things. In fact, time is life itself. An unpunctual man is always wasting his most important things as well as others. An unpunctual person is always saying unhappily that he finds no time to answer letters or return calls. But the man who really has much to do is very careful of his time. He knows that he cannot finish all his work unless he carefully does every piece of work.

③Being unpunctual is the sign of disrespect (不尊重) towards others. If a person is invited to dinner and arrives later than the time when he should be there, he keeps all the other guests (客人) waiting for him. Usually this will be thought as a great disrespect to the host and all the other guests.

④Not like a punctual person, an unpunctual one cant do his duty wonderfully, whether it is public or personal. Imagine how it would be if those who should do important tasks failed to be on time. A man who is known to be often unpunctual is never believed by his friends or fellow men.

( )62. The Chinese meaning of the word “punctual” in this passage is probably “ ”.

A. 聽話的 B. 守時的

C. 守紀律的 D. 能干的

( )63. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. An unpunctual person often has more time.

B. An unpunctual person has more work to do.

C. A punctual person often has a busy life.

D. A punctual person often does his work wonderfully.

( )64. When you are invited to dinner, youd better arrive there .

A. in a hurry

B. after the host

C. at the decided time

D. before other guests

( )65. From the passage, we learn that an unpunctual man usually in the end.

A. saves time for others

B. leaves his family and friends

C. gets his chances and knowledge

D. loses his time and good name

一、猜測詞義很重要。

任何一篇閱讀短文不可能沒有生詞，而在閱讀過程中一碰到生詞就查詞典也不可能，因為這樣既不能保持閱讀的連貫性，又會影響閱讀的速度和對文章的整體理解。解決這個極普遍的問題最為有效的途徑是學會猜詞，可以利用同義詞、反義詞、構詞法、同義結構、詞語搭配、上下文等來猜測確定詞義。

正確理解這篇文章，最關鍵的詞就是第62題所給的詞“punctual”，只有理解了它，后面的題就好辦了。通過閱讀第①段，找出最關鍵的詞“correct time”和“never late”，我們就不難理解，正確答案應該是B。

二、尋找主題句，把握全文

大多數閱讀材料均有主題句，用以說明文章的主旨，讀懂它即了解了文章的重點內容，其它文字大多是圍繞主題展開說明。運用演繹法的文章，主題句往往在開頭；采用歸納法的文章，主題句一般在句尾，如說明文和議論文的段落一般都有主題句，而且大多數位于每段開頭，當然也有主題句置于文章中間的，這需結合上下文仔細推敲。文章第③段的主題句是第一句：Being unpunctual is the sign of disrespect towards others. 第64題的A、B、D都是the sign of disrespect towards others，只有C是正確的。有時可以根據我們的常識就可以判斷的。

我們閱讀文章的第二段的第一句就知道第65題的答案應該是D。

三、利用wh-questin，快速理解文章。

我們在閱讀時要充分注意文中的人（who）、干什么（what）、如何（how）、什么時候（when）、在哪兒（where）等，還有用句式Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? 加深對文章細節(jié)的理解。

這篇文章作者給出了兩類人：an unpunctual person和a punctual person。只要我們按照上面的方法列出這兩類人的特點，就不難完成第63題。我們可以用排除法：通過閱讀第②段中的“He is always in a hurry”，可以知道A、C是錯誤的；閱讀第④段句首的“Not like a punctual person, an unpunctual one cant do his duty wonderfully”，就可知道D項是正確的。

對文章細節(jié)的理解，是閱讀理解題中較簡單的一種，但也容易出錯。做題時，我們要從文中找出事實與特定的細節(jié)，運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關鍵詞，捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點，并且理清文章脈絡，把握語篇實質。當然養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習慣才是關鍵。