非限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞which和as用法辨析

邵玉金

請看下面兩道題：

① He has won the game， was expected.

② He has won the game， was unexpected.

A. that B. which C. it D. as

以上兩題選項(xiàng)中均含有關(guān)系代詞which和as，該選哪一個(gè)呢？現(xiàn)就以下幾個(gè)方面來談一談它們的區(qū)別（本文所談的which和as是指引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞which和as）。

一、位置關(guān)系：關(guān)系代詞which不能放在句首；關(guān)系代詞as 既可以放在句首也可以放在句末，甚至還可以放在句中。

1. As is known to all， he studies very hard.（不可用which）

2. New concept English is intended for foreign students， which is known to all of us.（which不可放在句首，這里也可以用as）

3. He， as you know， is clever.

二、內(nèi)涵關(guān)系：as有“正如”、“就像”之意，即主從句意義一致；which 則沒有此意。

He is a foreigner from North America， as I know from his accent. （as表示“正如”之意）

Tom is so busy that he has to work at weekends， which he doesnt like.

三、先后關(guān)系：as引導(dǎo)的多為經(jīng)常性行為，或先于主句發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；which引導(dǎo)的多表示發(fā)生在主句之后的行為。