牛通
(濟(jì)寧市第一人民醫(yī)院脊柱外科,山東濟(jì)寧272000)
胸腰椎后路經(jīng)傷椎椎弓根螺釘短節(jié)段內(nèi)固定治療Denis B型骨折
牛通
(濟(jì)寧市第一人民醫(yī)院脊柱外科,山東濟(jì)寧272000)
目的探討經(jīng)胸腰椎后路短節(jié)段傷椎椎弓根螺釘固定復(fù)位治療Denis B型胸腰椎骨折的療效。方法對(duì)收治的36例Denis B型胸腰椎骨折患者行經(jīng)傷椎短節(jié)段椎弓根螺釘復(fù)位固定術(shù)。受傷節(jié)段:T12骨折10例,L1骨折12例,L2骨折9例,L3骨折5例。神經(jīng)功能Frankel分級(jí):A級(jí)0例,B級(jí)0例,C級(jí)3例,D級(jí)13例,E級(jí)20例。術(shù)前影像學(xué)檢查示骨折椎體均有楔形變,其下終板及椎體下部保持完整。受傷至手術(shù)時(shí)間3~6 d,平均4d。采用后路短節(jié)段傷椎椎弓根螺釘系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行復(fù)位、固定。結(jié)果手術(shù)時(shí)間90~120min,平均110min;術(shù)中出血量200~400mL,平均310mL。術(shù)后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,無(wú)嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥發(fā)生,無(wú)脊髓、神經(jīng)功能加重。36例均獲隨訪,隨訪時(shí)間10~30個(gè)月,平均18個(gè)月。術(shù)后2周攝X線片示骨折椎體高度恢復(fù)至正常的80%~95%。脊髓功能術(shù)后均有不同程度恢復(fù)。結(jié)論胸腰椎后路經(jīng)傷椎椎弓根螺釘復(fù)位固定治療Denis B型胸腰椎骨折復(fù)位效果良好,減少了切口的長(zhǎng)度,減少了出血量,盡最大努力保存了患者的活動(dòng)節(jié)段。
胸腰椎骨折;傷椎內(nèi)固定;外科手術(shù)
Denis B型胸腰椎爆裂骨折僅累及上終板損傷,其發(fā)生率約占胸腰椎骨折的54.7%[1]。椎弓根螺釘復(fù)位治療胸腰椎骨折,通過(guò)韌帶整復(fù)作用可達(dá)到矯正后凸畸形的目的,由于患者下終板正常,椎弓根也正常。因此,可以通過(guò)傷椎椎弓根打入椎弓根螺釘,傷椎上一椎體也植入椎弓根,牽拉復(fù)位上終板,能達(dá)到較好骨折復(fù)位。現(xiàn)將近來(lái)Denis B型胸腰椎骨折治療結(jié)果報(bào)道如下。
1.1一般資料Denis B型胸腰椎骨折患者36例,其中男24例,女12例;年齡22~58歲,平均43歲。車(chē)禍傷15例,高處墜落傷17例,重物砸傷4例。受傷節(jié)段:T12骨折10例,L1骨折12例,L2骨折9例,L3骨折5例。神經(jīng)功能Frankel分級(jí):A級(jí)0例,B級(jí)0例,C級(jí)3例,D級(jí)13例,E級(jí)20例。術(shù)前影像學(xué)檢查示骨折椎體均有楔形變,其下終板及椎體下部保持完整。兩側(cè)椎弓根無(wú)斷裂,椎弓根完整。受傷至手術(shù)時(shí)間3~6 d,平均4 d。
1.2手術(shù)方法患者在全麻下取俯臥位,后正中入路,顯露椎板、關(guān)節(jié)突。傷椎及上位椎體植入椎弓根螺釘,共4枚椎弓根螺釘。根據(jù)術(shù)前是否有神經(jīng)癥狀,CT檢查是否有骨塊突入椎管內(nèi),決定是否行椎板開(kāi)窗減壓術(shù)。突入椎管內(nèi)骨塊一般在傷椎后上緣,不必全部切除椎板,只是切除椎板上緣部分,開(kāi)窗使用自制的L形復(fù)位器將骨塊推回傷椎,解除硬膜囊壓迫。安裝預(yù)彎合適的連接棒,先擰緊傷椎的釘棒連接,使其成固定關(guān)系。然后提拉上位正常椎體椎弓根螺釘與連桿相接,使傷椎上位骨折終板復(fù)位。鎖固釘棒連接,不需安裝橫連桿。
本組手術(shù)時(shí)間90~120min,平均110min;術(shù)中出血量200~400mL,平均310mL。術(shù)后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,無(wú)嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥發(fā)生,無(wú)脊髓、神經(jīng)功能加重。36例均獲隨訪,隨訪時(shí)間10~30個(gè)月,平均18個(gè)月。術(shù)后2周攝X線片,骨折椎體高度恢復(fù)至正常的80%~95%。脊髓功均有不同程度恢復(fù):C級(jí)3例恢復(fù)到D級(jí),D級(jí)13例中有10例恢復(fù)到E級(jí),E級(jí)20例中17完全恢復(fù)正常。術(shù)后6、9、12個(gè)月影像學(xué)檢查示所有患者骨折均獲骨性融合,未出現(xiàn)內(nèi)固定松動(dòng)、斷裂現(xiàn)象,傷椎高度無(wú)丟失。
3.1 Denis B型胸腰椎骨折的特點(diǎn)及手術(shù)入路的選擇Denis B型胸腰椎骨折為上終板塌陷型,特點(diǎn)為椎體上位終板破壞,椎體上部分壓縮并后凸,但下終板及下位椎間盤(pán)相對(duì)完整,椎弓根一般尚完整,臨床最為多見(jiàn)。椎弓根螺釘技術(shù)利用韌帶整復(fù)作用,恢復(fù)傷椎高度、矯正后凸畸形[2]。關(guān)于Denis B型胸腰椎骨折手術(shù)入路,目前多主張采取后路撐開(kāi)復(fù)位、減壓跨節(jié)段內(nèi)固定的手術(shù)方式,既可解決突入椎管內(nèi)的骨塊壓迫問(wèn)題,又可通過(guò)椎板切除解決后方壓迫,同時(shí)完成骨折椎體的復(fù)位、恢復(fù)傷椎高度、糾正后凸畸形及側(cè)方移位;且操作簡(jiǎn)便、手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷相對(duì)小、恢復(fù)快,在臨床上廣泛使用,取得了良好的療效[3]。
3.2 Denis B型胸腰椎骨折植釘協(xié)助復(fù)位固定的優(yōu)點(diǎn)目前國(guó)內(nèi)外常用的后路術(shù)式為跨傷椎4枚螺釘固定技術(shù),并取得了滿意療效[4-5],但也存在需要固定3個(gè)節(jié)段,切口相對(duì)較大的缺點(diǎn)。肌肉等軟組織剝離較多,術(shù)后患者胸腰部僵硬感明顯,腰部不靈活,手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷相對(duì)較大,我科采用傷椎植釘聯(lián)合上位椎體椎弓根螺釘撐開(kāi)復(fù)位治療Denis B型胸腰椎骨折,固定僅2個(gè)節(jié)段,有切口小、軟組織剝離少、術(shù)中出血少、手術(shù)時(shí)間快、骨折復(fù)位好等特點(diǎn),術(shù)后患者疤痕小,腰痛、腰部僵硬等癥狀相對(duì)較小,值得臨床推廣。
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The Thoracic and Lum bar Posterior Short Segm en t Pedicle Screw Fixation and Reduction for The Treatm ent of Denis type B Thoracolum bar Fractu res
Niu Tong
(The FirstPeople's Hospital in Jining City,Jining 272000,Shandong)
Ob jectiveTo investigate themethod and effectof the thoracic and lumbar posterior shortsegmentpedicle screw fixation and reduction for the treatment of Denis type B thoracolumbar fractures.M ethodsThe patientsw ith vertebral pedicle screw fixation was performed in 36 casesof Denis type B thoracolumbar on 2009 June to 2012 September in our hospital from fracture.There were 24male,12 female;age 22~58 years,average 43 years old.15 cases of traffic accident,falling injury in 17 cases,4 casesof the clog.The injured segment:10 casesof T12 fracture,12 casesof L1 fracture,9 casesof L2 fracture,5 cases of L3 fracture.Frankelneural function grade:A grade 0 cases,B grade 0 cases,C grade 3 cases,D grade 13 cases,E grade 20 cases.Preoperative imaging exam ination showed vertebral fracture were tapered,the inferior endplate and vertebral body is intact.The time from injury to operation was 3~6D,the average 4D.Posterior short segment pedicle screw system reset,fixed.Resu ltsThe operation timewas 90~120m in,average 110min;the intraoperative blood losswas 200~400m L,average 310m L.All incisionswere primary healing,no serious complications occurred,no spinal cord,nerve function aggravated.36 caseswere followed up,the follow-up time ranged from 10 to 30months,average 18months.2 weeks after operation,X-ray film showed the vertebral height recovered to normal80%~95%fracture.Had differentdegreesof recovery of spinal cord function after surgery.ConclusionThoracolumbar posterior injury ShiishiiYum ine screw fixation for treatmentof Denis type B thoracolumbar fracture reduction effect is good,reduces the length of the incision,less bleeding,try our best to save the activity section patients。
thoracolumbar fracture,vertebral internal fixation,surgicaloperation
G683.2
:A
:1008-4118(2013)03-0012-02
10.3969/j.issn.1008-4118.2013.03.05
2013-08-19