木材會(huì)館，東京，日本

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：日建設(shè)計(jì)

ARCHITECTS: Nikken Sekkei

在日本，盡管木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑有著很悠久的歷史，但是在現(xiàn)代，它卻極少被用于大型建筑。在此背景下，以“復(fù)興木材在城市建筑中的地位”為目的，我們著手探索木制結(jié)構(gòu)在符合經(jīng)濟(jì)原理的商業(yè)辦公建筑方面還能走多遠(yuǎn)。

首先，刨花板材以其豐富的實(shí)用性和低廉的造價(jià)，目前被住宅建筑市場(chǎng)所廣泛采用。通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)字控制（CNC）切割機(jī)進(jìn)行現(xiàn)代高精度的加工，高品質(zhì)的木質(zhì)元件將節(jié)約1/3的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)成本。并且，通過(guò)反復(fù)的測(cè)試與模擬，我們已經(jīng)證明，在火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)，這些沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)特殊防火處理的木材，可以保證居住者安全地疏散，成功滿足了建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)法規(guī)的要求。為了將這些因素融入獨(dú)特的設(shè)計(jì)當(dāng)中，我們采用了最新的設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)——建筑信息模型（BIM）。

木材是一種經(jīng)典的建筑材料，不應(yīng)該被掩蓋。通過(guò)這項(xiàng)最新的技術(shù)以及精確的操作，可以有效控制成本。木材將成為一種現(xiàn)代元素應(yīng)用于室內(nèi)空間，其極具雕塑感和透氣性的表皮非常適合日本的氣候。在參觀建筑的時(shí)候，可以感受到日本扁柏的香味，使人敏銳地意識(shí)到建筑在用各種不同的感官與人交流。以“復(fù)興木材”為真正的宗旨，建筑采用的所有技術(shù)都是公開(kāi)的資源，建筑師可以自由地使用這些技術(shù)去實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的創(chuàng)意?！酰ㄍ跣×?譯）

用地面積/Site Area: 1 652.90m2

總建筑面積/Total Floor Area: 7 582.09m2

層數(shù)/Floor: +7, -1, Penthouse

主體結(jié)構(gòu)/Structure: SRC/W

建筑類(lèi)型/Building Type: 辦公/Office

1 總平面/Site plan

2 立面夜景/Facade at night (攝影/Photo: Nacasa & Partners Inc)

3 示意圖：火災(zāi)時(shí)煙的聚集與空氣流動(dòng)/Diagram: smoke deposit from a fire and air flow

4 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層平面/Standard floor plan

5 木質(zhì)陽(yáng)臺(tái)/Wooden terrace (攝影/Photo: Harunori Noda [Gankohsha] )

6 辦公部分的電梯廳/Office side elevator hall

7 木質(zhì)陽(yáng)臺(tái)/Wooden terrace(6.7 攝影/Photo: Nacasa & Partners Inc)

8 陽(yáng)臺(tái)細(xì)部/Terrace detail

9 首層日本茶室/1F Japanese tea room

10 首層畫(huà)廊/1F Gallery

11 首層平面/Ground floor plan

12 七層平面/7F plan

13 首層入口大廳/1F Entrance hall

14 七層大廳柱子細(xì)部/7F hall columns close up

15 主要立面/Main facade (攝影/Photo: Harunori Noda [Gankohsha] )

16 七層大廳/7F hall

17 裝配木構(gòu)件的節(jié)點(diǎn)細(xì)部/Joint detail of assembling wood blocks(9.10.13.14.16 攝影/Photo: Nacasa & Partners Inc)

Notwithstanding a long tradition of wooden architecture in Japan, in modern times it is exceedingly rare for wood to be used in a large scale building. Within this context, with the intention of"reviving wood in urban architecture" we set about exploring just how far wooden construction could be used given the economic rationale required of a commercial office building.

Firstly, extensive utilization of square milled timber for the residential construction market was made due to its abundant availability and low cost.Making use of modern high-precision processing using CNC (Computer Numerical Control) cutting machines, high quality timber components were procured at a third less the standard cost. Repeated empirical testing and simulations we were carried out to prove that in the event of fire occupants will safely be able to evacuate, succeeding in satisfying the performance provisions of Building Standards Law without the use of specialized fire retarding treatment. To integrate these factors into a distinctive design we made full use of the latest design technology, BIM (Building Information Modeling).

Timber is a classical building material, and rather than being concealed, through this latest technology and logical rigor enabling reasonable cost, it is celebrated in a modern composition through interior spaces and a deeply sculpted,porous facade well suited to Japan's climate. Upon visiting the building, taking in the fragrant perfume of the hinoki cypress, one is keenly aware that this building speaks to all the five senses. True to is aim of "reviving wood", all of the technology utilized here is open-source and available for all architects to freely use to the limit of their imagination. □