院士風(fēng)采

巖土工程與水工建筑專家。原籍江蘇吳江，生于上海。1929年畢業(yè)于中央大學(xué)。1935年獲美國密執(zhí)安大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位，1937年獲博士學(xué)位。清華大學(xué)教授。善于抓住生產(chǎn)實踐中的關(guān)鍵性學(xué)術(shù)問題進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性的基本研究，十分注意引進(jìn)和推廣國內(nèi)外先進(jìn)技術(shù)。創(chuàng)導(dǎo)用柵法分析拱壩應(yīng)力；闡明影響砂土液化的許多因素，并創(chuàng)議用振動三軸儀研究液化問題。他建議用砂井和預(yù)壓法加固軟土地基；用反濾層和排水井防止閘壩地基滲透破壞；用補償基礎(chǔ)原理建造水閘；用就地澆注混凝土防滲墻阻塞砂粒地基的滲漏等。參加了治淮和治黃工程中一些水閘和佛子嶺、梅山、板橋、岳城、新豐江、毛家村等水壩的科研與加固工作，以及武漢長江大橋、上海寶山鋼廠及其它一些工程有關(guān)河道沖刷防護(hù)與地基加固處理的咨詢工作，并對這些工程提出了積極建議。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Specialist in geotechnical engineering and hydraulic structure.Born in Shanghai.Graduated from the Central University in 1929.Received MS in 1935 and Sc.D.in 1937 from the University of Michigan, USA.Professor, Tsinghua University.

Huang has the special ability of finding key scientific problems in the production practice and doing creative and essential research.He developed the grid analysis method of arch dams and triaxial dynamic loading apparatus for the investigation of various factors affecting the liquefaction of sound.Besides, he also paid great attention to the introduction and popularization of advanced technologies, such as the consolidation of soft soil foundation by using sand well and precompression method, the prevention of ground foundation of sluices and dams from leakage failure by using inverse filter layers and drainage well, the building of sluices according to complement foundation principle, the blocking of sand foundation leakage by casting concrete cut-of walls on the spot, etc..He participated in some scientific research and construction work of sluices and dams in harnessing the Yellow River and Huai River, and the projects in Fozi Ridge,Meishan, Banqiao, Yuecheng, Xinfeng River and Maojiacun dams.He consulted and gave vigorous proposals on the protection of river channel erosion and foundation settlement of many projects including Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, Shanghai Baoshan Steel Factory and other.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

章名濤1907.07.23～1985.01.09

電機工程學(xué)家。浙江鄞縣人。1927年獲英國紐加索大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位，1929年獲英國曼徹斯特工業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位。清華大學(xué)電機工程系教授。參加制訂全國12年科學(xué)遠(yuǎn)景規(guī)劃。一直從事電機工程方面的教學(xué)工作。主編過《電機學(xué)》，編寫了《電機設(shè)計》、《電磁場在電機中的應(yīng)用》等講義。主要論著有:《磁場線圖略論》、《凝電器電機》、《同期感應(yīng)電動機》、《同步機在周期性振蕩中的阻尼系數(shù)》、《評蘭斯道夫所著直流電機》、《單項感應(yīng)電動機之理論及“張量”分析》、《稅格電動機》、《單相同步電機的短路電流》、《三相發(fā)電機之瞬變電流》、《感應(yīng)電動機與補償變頻機串聯(lián)之特性及理論》等論文，專著有《電機的電磁場》，譯著有《異步電機中諧波磁場的作用》。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Electric engineering expert.Born in yinxian, Zhejiang Province.Receive BS from the University of Newcastle in 1927 and MS from the Institute of Science and Technology, University of Manchester, UK in 1929.Professor, Department of Electric Engineering, Tsinghua University.

Zhang participated in mapping out of Long-Term Scheme for the Development of Science and Technology(1956～1967) in China and was engaged in the teaching of electric engineering for a long time.He complied ‘’Electrical Machinery”, ”Electrical Machine Design ” and “Application of Electro-Magnetic Fields in Electrical Machines ” as teaching materials.His main academic treatises include “General Theory of Magnetic Fields”, “Capacitor Motors”, “Synchronous Induction Motors”, “On the Damping Coefficient of Synchrodynes During Periodic Oscillation”,“Comment on the ‘DC Motors’ Written by A.C.Lanzsdorf”, “The Theory of Single-Phase Induction Motors and Tensor Analysis”,“Schraze Electrical Motors”, “Short-Circuit Current in Single-Phase Synchronous Machine”, “Transient Current of Three-Phase Generators”, and “Performance and Theory of Induction Motor in Series Connection with A Compensating Frequency Converter”,In addition, he published a monograph entitled “Electromagnetic Fields of Electrical Machines ” and translated “The Effects of Harmonic Magnetic Field in Asynchronous Machines”.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

梁思成1901.04.20～1972.01.09

建筑學(xué)家。廣東新會人。1923年畢業(yè)于清華大學(xué)。1927年獲美國彭省賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位，1947年獲普林斯頓大學(xué)榮譽文學(xué)博士學(xué)位。1928年回國在東北大學(xué)創(chuàng)辦建筑系。1931年在北京加入了專門研究中國古代建筑的學(xué)術(shù)機構(gòu)—中國營造學(xué)社。1946年創(chuàng)辦清華大學(xué)建筑系。畢業(yè)從事教育和中國古代建筑史的研究工作。從30年代開始，親自主持并參加調(diào)查過2000多處古代建筑的實例，積累了大量的中國古代建筑的珍貴資料，對中國古代建筑、古代藝術(shù)的發(fā)展、特征和成就進(jìn)行過系統(tǒng)和深入的研究。1949年后，積極參加首都北京的城市規(guī)劃工作。主持了中華人民共和國國徽、人民英雄紀(jì)念碑的設(shè)計，參加了北京十大建筑的設(shè)計工作。他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的清華大學(xué)建筑系，為中國培養(yǎng)了一大批優(yōu)秀的建筑人才。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Architect.Born in Xinhui, Guangdong Province.Graduated from Tsinghua University in 1923.Received MS from the University of Pennsylvania, USA in 1927 and honorary Ph.D.in literature from Princeton University in 1947.

Liang founded the Architecture Department in Northeastern University when he returned to China in 1928.In 1931, he joined the Institute for Research in Chinese Architecture, and academic organization for ancient Chinese architecture study.He founded the Architecture Department in Tsinghua University in 1946.He devoted his whole life tu the education and research on the history of ancient Chinese architecture.Since the 1930s, he directed and participated in the survey on more than 2,000 examples of ancient architecture, accumulated a large number of valuable materials,and studied systematically and thoroughly the development,features and achievements of ancient Chinese architecture and ancient art.After 1949, he participated enthusiastically in urban projects of Beijing, which include the design of national emblem of the People’s Republic of China, the Monument to the People’s Heroes and 10 grand buildings in Beijing.He was the dean of Architecture Department of Tsinghua University, where many excellent architects have been trained.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

程孝剛1892.06.24～1977.08

機械專家。江西宜黃人。1913年獲美國普渡大學(xué)學(xué)士及碩士學(xué)位。上海交通大學(xué)運輸起重系主任、教授、副校長。在鐵路工程方面造詣很深，對機車車輛制造、修理和運用方面有豐富的實踐經(jīng)驗，特別對機車的性能與運轉(zhuǎn)方面深有研究。曾率領(lǐng)專家考察日本鐵道工廠及有關(guān)技術(shù)部門，回國后在津浦鐵道上加以運用，成績顯著。創(chuàng)建湖南株洲機廠，并試制成功兩用汽車（軌用及陸用）。在桂林機廠進(jìn)行改造10輪大卡車作為鐵路輕型簡易機車的試驗研究，對當(dāng)時解決僅有鐵路線上的牽引動力以及以后的鐵路工務(wù)用牽引車提供了方向和方法。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Machinery expert.Born in Yihuang, Jiangsi Province.Received BS and MS from Purdue University, USA in 1913.Professor and chairman, Transport and crane Department and vice president, Jiaotong University.

Cheng was highly learned in railway engineering and had rich practical experience in manufacture, maintenance and utility of locomotives and vehicles, especially the performances and operation of locomotives.He led an expert delegation to survey Japanese railway factories as well as their related technical divisions, applied their experience after coming back to China to the Jinpu Railway Line and achieved outstanding records.He set up the Zhuzhou Locomotive Factory in Hunan Province and succeeded in developing double-use trucks for both railtracd use and filed use.His research and experiments on retrofitting the tenwheel big truck as a simple and light locomotive on the railways provides the orientation and method for solving the trailing power problem on the only railway ling in Chine as well as developing trailers for railway service use.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in1955.