金蘭之契 千秋之美

趙爽子 項(xiàng)挺挺

2012年正值中韓建交20周年，浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)之江學(xué)院迎來(lái)了又一批來(lái)自韓國(guó)慶州大學(xué)的留學(xué)生，他們?cè)谂c中國(guó)學(xué)子的相處中延續(xù)著金蘭之交。

“神奇”西湖創(chuàng)造靈感

春日的杭城最適合外出踏青，在與韓國(guó)留學(xué)生們的交談中，聊得最多的就是西湖美景—無(wú)疑為大家心中的最?lèi)?ài)。其中，金在扈（KIMJAEHO）對(duì)西湖的評(píng)價(jià)最令人印象深刻，他說(shuō)“西湖，非常神奇！”

金在扈與西湖的初識(shí)，緣于一張西湖舊照。他說(shuō)：“小的時(shí)候，爸爸媽媽給我看過(guò)他們拍攝的西湖照片，非常漂亮。聽(tīng)說(shuō)這次有機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)杭州游學(xué)，我就報(bào)名參加了?！庇H眼看一看西湖，成了金在扈游學(xué)的目的之一?！拔骱瓉?lái)這么大，比照片還要美麗。西湖邊，有好多的人和商店，很熱鬧。它被城市包圍起來(lái)，這在韓國(guó)，是沒(méi)有的?！迸c城市融合的繁鬧西湖，打破了照片帶給他的感知與想象?！爸袊?guó)老師和我們講過(guò)白蛇傳的故事，那天我還去了斷橋呢！我還知道白和蘇（指白居易、蘇軾），古時(shí)候的詩(shī)人，玩的時(shí)候中國(guó)朋友告訴我的?！蔽骱凭玫臍v史和傳說(shuō)故事勾起了他無(wú)限的遐思。

韓國(guó)的水文狀況是河流多湖泊少。白鹿潭是韓國(guó)最大的天然湖，位于濟(jì)州島漢拿山頂火山口，海拔1850米。人工湖相對(duì)較多，其中最大的是1973年建成的昭陽(yáng)湖，被稱(chēng)為韓國(guó)最大規(guī)模的養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)和淡水魚(yú)博物館。而西湖，以其“景美、史長(zhǎng)、近人”給韓國(guó)友人們帶來(lái)了新的視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)、知覺(jué)體驗(yàn)。

西湖從一個(gè)大海灣到一個(gè)湖，再到一個(gè)風(fēng)景湖泊，經(jīng)歷了兩千年的歷史，“三面云山一面城”，城湖相依，達(dá)到了自然與人文的完美融合，成為韓國(guó)友人心中的“神奇”之景。他們認(rèn)為，西湖能給人以創(chuàng)造生活、創(chuàng)造文化的無(wú)窮靈感、無(wú)盡源泉。

中餐料理同異交織

2003年，一部韓劇《大長(zhǎng)今》紅透大江南北。通過(guò)電視劇的播映，很多人了解了韓國(guó)的一些飲食文化。交談中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，中韓兩國(guó)的飲食習(xí)慣有同有異。

“我們?cè)陧n國(guó)，也把米飯當(dāng)作主食，”孫慧元(SONHYEWON)說(shuō)。朝鮮半島地處溫帶季風(fēng)氣候，北邊有長(zhǎng)白山的阻擋，雨水豐富，非常適合種植水稻。而中國(guó)長(zhǎng)江以南地區(qū)濕潤(rùn)多雨、高溫，適宜谷類(lèi)農(nóng)作物生長(zhǎng)。氣候條件使兩國(guó)在主食的選擇上出現(xiàn)了類(lèi)似之處。氣候條件還養(yǎng)成了韓國(guó)人喜好吃辣的習(xí)慣。孫慧元說(shuō)：“現(xiàn)在，最喜歡去吃重慶麻辣燙，中國(guó)朋友說(shuō)，我是無(wú)辣不歡！”韓國(guó)的地理位置偏北，冬季漫長(zhǎng)寒冷，辣椒成了他們最好的驅(qū)寒食物。

中國(guó)菜肴的烹飪方式五花八門(mén)；而韓國(guó)則以燉煮和烤制為主，基本上不做炒菜?！爸袊?guó)菜中有很多炒菜，放了很多油。喜歡放醬油、醋、糖來(lái)調(diào)味，味道比韓國(guó)菜要重很多?！表n國(guó)人喜清淡，他們提倡素食主義，肉少菜多，忌油膩，一般由黃豆醬調(diào)味。在國(guó)土面積、自然資源相對(duì)貧乏的艱苦環(huán)境下，韓民族養(yǎng)成了這樣的飲食習(xí)慣，同時(shí)也培養(yǎng)出了他們吃苦耐勞的性格。韓國(guó)傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)吸收中醫(yī)“天人合一”的理論，認(rèn)為人體內(nèi)的小環(huán)境要和自然的大環(huán)境相協(xié)調(diào)，由此形成了“冬天吃冷面，夏天喝參雞湯”的獨(dú)特習(xí)慣，尤其在寒冷的冬天，冷面成了最為暢銷(xiāo)的食物?！拔易钕矚g吃拌飯?！比n娜(JEONHANNA)說(shuō)。拌飯?jiān)陧n國(guó)飲食中頗具代表性，體現(xiàn)著韓國(guó)文化的最大特征之一“混合性”。韓國(guó)人受到中國(guó)儒家文化與美國(guó)文化的雙重影響，既表現(xiàn)出對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化的尊重，也表現(xiàn)出對(duì)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的接受，將二者相互融合，為己所用。

韓國(guó)留學(xué)生講述，在韓國(guó)仁川的中華街，中餐館給韓國(guó)民眾帶去中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)、地道的菜肴。我們告之，在中國(guó)，韓國(guó)料理也得到越來(lái)越多中國(guó)人的認(rèn)同。中韓兩國(guó)在體驗(yàn)他國(guó)美食的過(guò)程中，分享著文化的千秋之美。

《春香》交響中韓情誼

給韓國(guó)留學(xué)生進(jìn)行課外輔導(dǎo)頗有意思。在一次輔導(dǎo)休息的間隙，越劇《春香傳》婉轉(zhuǎn)清麗的曲調(diào)一響起，立即引起了他們的興趣，全韓娜不禁叫道：“好美??！”在接下來(lái)的輔導(dǎo)中，我們漸漸聊上了《春香傳》。

有著“朝鮮民族的《紅樓夢(mèng)》”之稱(chēng)的《春香傳》，是一部極具朝鮮民族特色和民間文學(xué)風(fēng)格的經(jīng)典作品，講述了一個(gè)退妓之女成春香與兩班翰林之后李夢(mèng)龍公子歷經(jīng)波折的愛(ài)情故事。據(jù)說(shuō)，該故事早在14世紀(jì)高麗恭愍王時(shí)代就已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生?！洞合銈鳌放c中國(guó)藝術(shù)文化的交融是在1954年，當(dāng)時(shí)越劇界把這凄美的韓國(guó)愛(ài)情故事搬上了舞臺(tái)，著名表演藝術(shù)家徐玉蘭、王文娟在上海連演半年，紅極一時(shí)?！暗赴倌晁平裣?，但愿百年人不老”，從此，越劇《春香傳》中的旖旎真切的一曲《愛(ài)歌》成為了中國(guó)戲曲傳唱不衰的經(jīng)典唱段。在和大家一起欣賞越劇《春香傳》時(shí)，戲中地道的韓式舞臺(tái)設(shè)置、古典純凈的韓國(guó)服飾、原汁原味的韓國(guó)傳統(tǒng)舞蹈、清麗絕美的越劇唱腔，讓孫慧元驚嘆不已，說(shuō)道：“中國(guó)的越劇讓春香和夢(mèng)龍的愛(ài)情更美了?！?/p>

2012年4月3日，在韓國(guó)首爾龍劇場(chǎng)，被譽(yù)為“擁有柳枝般美麗”的中國(guó)女子越劇與具有四五百年歷史的評(píng)彈，以及世界非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)韓國(guó)清唱板索里，共同演繹了《春香傳》，在中韓友好交流年開(kāi)幕式上實(shí)現(xiàn)了一次別開(kāi)生面的演出。中韓三種代表國(guó)家層面文化的非遺藝術(shù)形式相映生輝，聲聲動(dòng)聽(tīng)中交響著中韓情誼。

現(xiàn)在很多中國(guó)的年輕人熟知春香與夢(mèng)龍的愛(ài)情，則是因?yàn)?005年韓彩英、在熙出演的韓劇《豪杰春香》。聊到這個(gè)古典小說(shuō)的當(dāng)代演繹，大家自然而然地提起了被稱(chēng)作最宏偉的韓國(guó)影片《春香傳》，“林權(quán)澤導(dǎo)演用了8000名演員、12000套戲服和四個(gè)月的時(shí)間拍成了這部片子，上映的時(shí)候大家都爭(zhēng)著去看呢”。全韓娜熱情地說(shuō)起了影片背后的小故事。在影片中，韓國(guó)第5代清唱傳人趙尚賢動(dòng)情且悠遠(yuǎn)的清唱縈繞在一個(gè)個(gè)畫(huà)面中：秋千架上歡笑飛舞的春香、夢(mèng)境般美麗的雪山、花瓣翩躚下夢(mèng)龍手中瀟灑展開(kāi)的折扇，讓聽(tīng)者、觀者出神地沉浸在春香與夢(mèng)龍的愛(ài)情時(shí)光里。出淤泥而不染、香遠(yuǎn)益清的“芙蓉堂”少女、重情重義的公子，對(duì)于中國(guó)觀眾來(lái)說(shuō)，也許把《春香傳》稱(chēng)作韓國(guó)版《玉堂春》更能顯出中韓文化里的相通之處。

留學(xué)生是中韓兩國(guó)文化交流的重要主體之一。據(jù)了解，目前在中國(guó)有超過(guò)6萬(wàn)名韓國(guó)留學(xué)生，他們?cè)诹魧W(xué)的過(guò)程中融入當(dāng)?shù)氐亩嘧松?，深入了解各個(gè)方面。“各美其美，美美與共”，在學(xué)生們的日常活動(dòng)中，中韓文化共通交融，細(xì)水長(zhǎng)流?！?/p>

（除署名外，本文照片由作者提供）

Korean Students Feel Beauty of West Lake and Chinese Culture

By Zhao Shuangzi, Xiang Tingting

In 2012, the year that marks the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the diplomatic ties between China and South Korea, Zhejiang University of Technology received a new group of students from Gyeongju University, South Korea. We recently chatted with them on a number of topics and the following is a summary of what we found about them and their interests in Hangzhou and Chinese culture.

Inspirational West Lake

Springtime in Hangzhou is best for sightseeing. It was only natural that West Lake came up as the most interesting topic in our conversations. Kim Jae-ho marvels at the amazing beauty of the West Lake. His childhood memory of the West Lake came from the photos his parents took during their visit to Hangzhou. The West Lake in the photos looked very beautiful. After learning about the study tour in Hangzhou, he wasted no time to sign up. To see the West Lake was one of his major motivations for the visit. “I am amazed by the West Lake. How large it is! The lake looks more beautiful than it was in the photos. Korea does not have a lake sitting right in the center of a city.” He comments that the West Lake in the center of the city gives him brand new perception and imagination.

The West Lake is an eye-opening sight indeed for these Korean students. South Korea boasts a great number of rivers and a few lakes. The largest lake is a volcanic one at the altitude of 1,850 meters. In contrast, the West Lake appeals to these students for its scenic beauty, long history and closeness to humans.

Food

In 2003, a Korean television series “Dae Jang Geum” was screened across China. Many Chinese became aware of Korean cuisine through this television series. While chatting with the Korean students, we find that the two nations share some habits whereas there are some differences in food.

Son Hye-won explains that rice is a staple food in Korea. Thanks to its geographic position and climate, the Korean peninsula is suitable for rice cultivation. Hangzhou, in the south of Yangtze River Delta, used to be part of a rice-producing area in Zhejiang Province. Due largely to the long and cold winter, the Korean people love hot food. Son says she prefers hot dishes. In Hangzhou, she goes quite a lot to Chongqing restaurants where she can have very hot food. Her Chinese friends all know that she would not be pleased if there is no hot food.

The Korean students are surprised by the rich variety of Chinese cuisines. They point out that Chinese chefs prefer cooking with soy sauce, vinegar and sugar as Chinese people have a weakness for richly tasted food. Koreans tend to practice vegetarianism. They prefer vegetables to meat and they use little edible oil in preparing their food. They use salted and fermented soybean paste as seasoning. This tradition grows out of the difficult living environment on the peninsula in the past. Influenced by the theory of traditional Korean medicine, Korean people eat cold noodle in the winter and have chicken soup cooked with ginseng in the summer. We Chinese would find this regimen quite contrary to what traditional Chinese medicine tells us. We learn from Korean students that Chinese restaurants in Inchon are quite famous in South Korea for the authentic Chinese taste. We inform that the Korean food now is becoming increasingly popular in China.

Legend of Chun-hyang

The Legend of Chun-hyang is a distinct Korean folktale that goes back to the 14th century. It is about a romance between a retired low-class entertainer and a scholar named Mong-Ryong from a top-class family. Some people liken the Korean folktale to the Chinese classic “Dream of the Red Mansion.”

The modern Chinese first learned about the Korean romance in 1954 when a troupe in Shanghai adapted the famous story to a Yueju Opera play. The performance was a hit in Shanghai and ran for six months. One of its arias is Love Song, which has long since been a classical piece in the repertoire of Yueju Opera arias. The Korean students at our university watched the Yueju Opera play and they were amazed by the authentic Korean style in setting, costumes and dance. The Yueju Opera music appealed to them.

On April 3, 2012, Chinese and Korean artists jointly staged a musical performance of “Chun-hyang” in Yueju Opera, in Pingtan (a Chinese storytelling form popular in Suzhou), and in Pansori (a UNESCO-designated genre of traditional Korean narrative opera) at Theater Yong, National Museum of Korea in Seoul. The occasion was the launching ceremony for the Year of China-South-Korea Friendship.

Young people in China have come to know about the romance of Chun-Hyang and Mong-Ryong through a Korean television series screened in 2005. The most spectacular interpretation of the ancient folktale is Chunhyang, a 2000 Korean film directed by Im Kwon-taek. Eight thousand people took part in the performing, using 12,000 sets of costumes. The shooting went on for four months.

At present there are more than 60,000 Korean students studying in China. They use the opportunity to merge with Chinese people and learn about Chinese culture. This is an effective way to promote cultural exchanges and friendship between China and Korea. □