孟祥娟,劉 斌,熱增才旦,折改梅,姜艷艷
北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué),北京100102
懸鉤子屬植物化學(xué)成分及藥理活性研究進(jìn)展
孟祥娟,劉 斌*,熱增才旦,折改梅,姜艷艷
北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué),北京100102
本文對近10年來懸鉤子屬植物的化學(xué)成分和藥理活性研究進(jìn)行了綜述,為該屬植物的進(jìn)一步開發(fā)利用提供參考。懸鉤子屬植物的化學(xué)成分主要包括黃酮、萜、鞣質(zhì)、甾等。藥理活性主要包括抗菌、抗炎、抗腫瘤、抗氧化、抗過敏、保肝、鎮(zhèn)痛等。
懸鉤子屬;黃酮;萜;鞣質(zhì);抗腫瘤;抗過敏;保肝
懸鉤子屬(Rubus L.)是薔薇科(Rosaceae)薔薇亞科的一個大屬,現(xiàn)已知750余種,分布于全世界,集中分布于北美和東亞。我國有200余種,南北各省均有,主要分布于長江以南及西北地區(qū)[1]。該屬許多植物在我國傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)藥中的應(yīng)用十分廣泛,如覆盆子具有益腎、固精、縮尿的功效,用于腎虛遺尿、小便頻數(shù)、陽痿早泄、遺精滑精;山莓具有活血、止血、祛風(fēng)利濕的功效,用于吐血、便血、腸炎、痢疾、風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)痛、跌打損傷、月經(jīng)不調(diào)、白帶,其葉可消腫解毒,外用治癰癤腫毒;茅莓散瘀止痛、清熱解毒、祛風(fēng)除濕;高粱泡根疏風(fēng)清熱、涼血活血,用于月經(jīng)不調(diào)、崩漏、白帶、閉經(jīng)、胎動不安等癥;寒莓根清熱解毒、涼血止痛[2]。近年來,國內(nèi)外許多學(xué)者對本屬植物進(jìn)行了一系列化學(xué)成分和藥理活性研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)懸鉤子屬植物含有多種化學(xué)成分,具有多種藥理作用,藥用價值很高,對調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)體的生命活動及醫(yī)療保健作用有重要意義。
該屬植物化學(xué)成分的系統(tǒng)研究始于20世紀(jì)70年代末80年代初,迄今為止,國內(nèi)外化學(xué)工作者已從該屬植物川莓R.setchuenensis Bur.(1)、茅莓R.parvifolius L.(2)、木莓R.swinhoei Hance(3)、寒莓R.buergeri Mip.(4)、山莓R.corchorifolius L.(5)、鉆地風(fēng)R.ellipticus Smith var.obcordatus Focke(6)、覆盆子R.chingii Hu(7)、紅樹莓R.idaeus L.(8)、黑草莓 R.ursinus L.(9)、黑莓 R.allegheniensis Port.(10)、榆葉黑莓R.ulmifolius Schott.(11)、廣西甜茶R.suavissimus S.(12)、灰毛泡 R.irenaeus Focke (13)、毛萼梅R.chroosepalus Focke(14)、烏泡子R.parkeri Hance(15)、白葉莓R.innominatus S.(16)、粗葉懸鉤子R.alceaefolius Poir(17)、粉枝莓R.biflorus Buch.(18)、紫色懸鉤子R.irritans Focke(19)、菰帽懸鉤子R.pileatus Focke(20)、黃果懸鉤子R.xanthocarpus Bureau et Franch(21)、紅毛懸鉤子R.pinfaesis Levl.et Vant.(22)、灰白毛莓 R.tephrodes Hance(23)、托盤R.crataegiflolius Bge.(24)、秀麗莓R.amabilis Focke(25)、蓬蘽 R.hirsutus Thunb.(26)、二花懸鉤子R.biflorus Buch.(27)、空心泡R.rosaefolius Smith(28)、R.pinnatus Willd.(29)、R.rigidus Sm.(30)、插田泡R.coreanus Miq.(31)、裂葉懸鉤子R.laciniatus Willd.(32)、刺懸鉤子R.pun-gens Camb.(33)、R.sanctus Schreb.(34)等植物中分離得到多種化學(xué)成分,主要包括黃酮、萜、鞣質(zhì)、甾,以及少量醌、有機(jī)酸、生物堿等[3]。
1.1 黃酮類
劉明生等[4]已對1999年之前從該屬植物中分離得到的黃酮類化合物進(jìn)行了綜述。近10年來從該屬植物中分離得到的黃酮類化合物基本骨架見圖1,結(jié)構(gòu)見表1。
圖1 懸鉤子屬植物中的黃酮類化合物基本骨架Fig.1 Structure of flavones isolated from Rubus L.
表1 懸鉤子屬植物中的黃酮類化合物Table 1 Flavones isolated from Rubus L.
1.2 萜類
懸鉤子屬植物中的萜類化合物主要包括二萜、三萜以及少數(shù)單萜[4]。根據(jù)母核結(jié)構(gòu),二萜類化合物可分為半日花烷型和貝殼杉烷型,三萜類化合物主要為齊墩果烷型和烏蘇烷型,少數(shù)為羽扇豆烷型。
1.2.1 二萜類
傅正生等[3]綜述了1999年之前從該屬植物中分離得到的半日花烷型二萜類化合物,該類二萜屬于對映-半日花烷型,主要存在于覆盆子葉、灰毛果莓果實(shí)、廣西甜茶葉和果實(shí)中。其后未從該屬植物中分離得到新的該類型二萜成分。
Takashi Tanaka等[3]從廣西甜茶葉中分離得到貝殼杉烷型二萜苷Rubusoside(13-O-β-D-glucosylsteviol),系首個從該屬植物中分離得到的貝殼杉烷型二萜苷。近10年來從該屬植物中分離得到的貝殼杉烷型二萜類化合物的基本骨架見圖2,結(jié)構(gòu)見表2。
圖2 貝殼杉烷型二萜類化合物基本骨架Fig.2 Structure of the Kaursane-type diterpenes
表2 懸鉤子屬植物中貝殼杉烷型二萜類化合物Table 2 The Kaursane-type diterpenes isolated from Rubus L.
1.2.2 三萜類
日本學(xué)者通過對本屬39種植物葉的研究,提出19α-羥基烏蘇酸-28-β-D-葡萄糖酯苷型三萜在本屬植物中具有分類學(xué)意義[4]。近年來國內(nèi)外化學(xué)工作者相繼對該屬植物的三萜類成分做了進(jìn)一步研究,從中分離出一系列三萜類化合物,其基本骨架見圖3~5,結(jié)構(gòu)見表3~5。
另外,Hao XJ等[22]從刺懸鉤子地上部分得到了新的烏蘇烷型三萜苷二聚體Rubupungenosides A和Rubupungenosides B。
圖3 齊墩果烷型三萜類化合物基本骨架Fig.3 Structure of the oleane-type triterpenes
表3 懸鉤子屬植物中齊墩果烷型三萜類化合物Table 3 The oleane-type triterpenes isolated from Rubus L.
齊墩果酸[23]oleanolia acid 3β-OH,12-en,28-CO2H 20 5 arjunolic acid[24]2α,3β,19α-(OH)3,12-en,28-CO2H 3 4寒莓酸甲酯[25]methyl buergericate 2α,3α,19α,24-(OH)4,12-en,28-CO2CH3 4 7 canmelliagenin A[26]3β,16α,22α(OH)3,12-en,28-CH2OH 2 6 3β,16α,22α-(OH)3,12-en,23,28-CH2OH 2 9 sericoside[27]2α,3β,19α,24-(OH)4,12-en,28-CO2glc 6 8 canmelliagenin C[26]10 sericic acid[27]2α,3β,19α,24-(OH)4,12-en,28-CO2H 6 11 buergericic acid[27] 2α,3α,19α,24-(OH)4,12-en,28-CO2H 6 12 crataegioside[28] 3β,19α,23-(OH)3,12-en,28-CO2glc 24 13 arjunglucoside I[28] 2α,3β,19α,23-(OH)4,12-en,28-CO2glc 24 14 2α,3β,19α-三羥基齊墩果-12-烯-23-酸-28-葡萄糖苷[28]2α,3β,19α-trihydroxyolean-12-en-23-oic acid-28-β-D-glucoside 2α,3β,19α-(OH)3,12-en,23-COOH,28-CO2glc 24
圖4 烏蘇烷型三萜類化合物基本骨架Fig.4 Structure of the ursane-type triterpenes
表4 懸鉤子屬植物中烏蘇烷型三萜類化合物Table 4 The ursane-type triterpenes isolated from Rubus L.
18 覆盆子酸[32]fupenzic acid 2α,19α-(OH)2,3-oxo,1,12-dien,28-CO2H 16 19 2α,19α-二羥基-3-氧-烏索-12-烯-28-酸[32]2α,19α-dihydroxylurs-12-en-3-oxo-28-oic acid 2α,19α-(OH)2,3-oxo,12-en,28-CO2H 16 20 2α,3α-二羥基烏索-12,18-二烯-28-酸[32]2α,3α-dihydroxylurs-12,18-dien-28-oic acid 2α,3α-(OH)2,12,18-dien,28-CO2H 16 21 2α,3α-二羥基烏索-12,19-二烯-28-酸[32]2α,3α-dihydroxylurs-12,19-dien-28-oic acid 2α,3α-(OH)2,12,19-dien,28-CO2H 16 22 3β,19α-二羥基烏索-12-稀-28-葡萄糖苷[25]3β,19α-dihydroxylurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 3β,19α-(OH)2,12-en,28-CO2glc 4 23 坡曼酸-3-阿拉伯糖苷[25]3-O-β-D-arabinopyranosyl pomolic acid 3-O-β-ara,19α-(OH)2,12-en,28-CO2H 4 24 2α,3β-二羥基烏蘇-12,19-二烯-23,28-二酸[33]2α,3β-dihydroxylurs-12,19-dien-23,28-dioic acid 2α,3β-(OH)2,12,19-dien,23,28-(CO2H)2 14 25 rubusside A[34] 3,23-O-butylidene,2α,19α-(OH)2,12-en,28-CO2glc 10 26 委陵菜酸[35]tormentic acid 2α,3β,19α-(OH)3,12-en,28-CO2H 28 27 28-methoxytormentic acid[35] 2α,3β,19α-(OH)3,12-en,28-CO2CH3 28 28 rubuside A[27]2α,3β-(OH)2,12,18-dien,28-CO2glc 6 29 rubuside B[27]2α,3α-(OH)2,12,18-dien,28-CO2glc 6 30 rubuside C[27]2α,3α,23-(OH)3,12,18-dien,28-CO2glc 6 31 rubuside D[27]2α,3β-(OH)2,12,19-dien,28-CO2glc 6 32 rubuside E[27]2α,3α-(OH)2,12,19-dien,28-CO2glc 6 33 rubuside F[27]2α,3β-(OH)2,12,19(29)-dien,28-CO2glc 6 34 rubuside G[27]2α,3α-(OH)2,11,13(18)-dien,28-CO2glc 6 35 rubuside H[27]2α,3β,23-(OH)3,11,13(18)-dien,28-CO2glc 6 36 rubuside J[27]2α,3α,19α-(OH)3,12-en,23-CHO,28-CO2H 6 37 2α,3β,23-三羥基烏索-12,18-二烯-28-葡萄糖苷[27]2α,3β,23-trihydroxyurs-12,18-dien-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 2α,3β,23-(OH)3,12,18-dien,28-CO2glc 6 38 2α,3β,23-三羥基烏索-12,19-二烯-28-葡萄糖苷[27]2α,3β,23-trihydroxyurs-12,19-dien-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 2α,3β,23-(OH)3,12,19-dien,28-CO2glc 6 39 alpinoside[27]2α,3α-(OH)2,12,19(29)-dien,28-CO2glc 6 40 quadranoside VIII[27] 2α,3β,23-(OH)2,12,19(29)-dien,28-CO2glc 6 41 sericoside[27] 2α,3β,19α,24-(OH)4,12-en,28-CO2glc 6 42 pinfaensin[27] 2α,3β,19α-(OH)3,12-en,23-CHO,28-CO2H 6 43 苦莓苷F2[27]niga-ichigoside F2 2α,3α,19α,23-(OH)4,12-en,28-CO2glc 6 44 4-epi-niga-ichigoside F1[27] 2α,3β,19α,23-(OH)4,12-en,28-CO2glc 6 45 trachelosperoside A1[27] 2α,3β,19α-(OH)3,12-en,24-CO2H,28-CO2glc 6 46 pedunculoside[27] 3β,19α,23-(OH)3,12-en,28-CO2glc 6 47 ziyu-glycoside[27] 19α-OH,3-ara,28-CO2glc 6
48 1α,2α,3β,19α-四羥基烏索-12-烯-28-酸[27]1α,2α,3β,19α-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 1α,2α,3β,19α-(OH)4,12-en,28-CO2H 6 49 2α,3β,19α-三羥基烏索-12-烯-23,28-二酸[27]2α,3β,19α-trihydroxyurs-12-en-23,28-dioic acid 2α,3β,19α-(OH)3,12-en,23,28-(CO2H)2 6
圖5 羽扇豆烷型三萜類化合物基本骨架Fig.5 Structure of the lupane-type triterpenes
表5 懸鉤子屬植物中羽扇豆烷型三萜類化合物Table 5 The lupane-type triterpenes isolated from Rubus L.
1.3 鞣質(zhì)類
從懸鉤子屬植物中分離得到的鞣質(zhì)主要是可水解鞣質(zhì),包括沒食子鞣質(zhì)、逆沒食子鞣質(zhì)、可水解鞣質(zhì)低聚體和咖啡鞣質(zhì)等。
趙慶春等[36]從粗葉懸鉤子中分離到一個新的鞣質(zhì)sanguiin H-2 ethyl ester及1,2,3,4,6-五-沒食子酰葡萄糖(1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose)和1,2,3,6-四-沒食子酰葡萄糖(1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose)。Haizhou Li等[37]從甜茶提取物中分離到6個新的可水解鞣質(zhì)和7個已知鞣質(zhì)成分。6個新的可水解鞣質(zhì)均屬逆沒食子鞣質(zhì)及其低聚體和衍生物,分別是Rubusuaviins A~F,其中,Rubusuaviin A的結(jié)構(gòu)是1-O-galloyl-2,3-O-(S)-HHDP-4,6-O-(S)-sanguisorboyl-β-D-glucopyranose;Rubusuaviins B、C和E分別是逆沒食子鞣質(zhì)的二、三、四聚體;Rubusuaviins D和F分別是Rubusuaviins C and E的衍生物。7個已知鞣質(zhì)分別是pedunculagin、1(β)-O-galloyl pedunculagin、strictinin、sanguiin H-5、lambertianin A、sanguiin H-6和1-desgalloyl sanguiin H-6;Sahar A.M.Hussein等[38]從Rubus sanctus的地上部分分離出1個新鞣質(zhì)2,3-O-hexahhexahydroxydiphenoyl-4,6-O-sanguisorboyl-(α/ β)-glucose和2個已知鞣質(zhì)2,3-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-(α/β)-glucose、bis-2,3,4,6-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-(α/β)-glucose。
1.4 甾類
懸鉤子屬植物所含甾類化合物主要有植物甾醇、C21甾等。黃可新等[39]從川莓中分離出胡蘿卜苷-6’-棕櫚油酯;阮金蘭等[40]從黑草莓果實(shí)凍干粉的正丁醇提取部分分離得到△5,22-豆甾烯醇﹑β-谷甾醇和胡蘿卜苷;王明奎等[32]從白葉莓根分離得到β-谷甾醇和胡蘿卜苷;Márcia Kanegusuku等[35]從空心泡中分離得到豆甾醇(stigmasterol)﹑(3β,24R)-麥角甾-5-烯-3-醇 (campesterol)。Xiaochun chen等[5]從秀麗莓中分離得到1個C21甾體化合物3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3β,15α-dihydroxypregn-5-en-20-one。
1.5 其它類
Guido Flamini等[41]從榆葉黑莓中分離到3個新的蒽醌類化合物rubanthrone A、B和C;Sahar A.M.Hussein等[38]從R.sanctus Schreb.的地上部分分離出2個新的天然咖啡酰酯3,6-di-O-caffeoyl-(α/ β)-glucose和 1-O-caffeoyl-β-xylose;Xiaochun chen等[5]從秀麗莓中分離得到(-)-secoisolariciresinol-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside和(+)-pinoresinol-O-β-D-glucopyranoside;趙慶春等[36]從粗葉懸鉤子中分離得到1個新的酚酸類化合物rubuphenol及鞣花酸(ellagic acid)和沒食子酸乙酯(ethyl gallate)。L.Panizzi等[6]從榆葉黑莓中分離得到?jīng)]食子酸、阿魏酸;Silvia Martini等[12]自榆葉黑莓中分離得到鞣花酸、咖啡酸、香豆酸;Gudej J等[7]從紅樹莓葉中分離得到?jīng)]食子酸甲酯;謝一輝等[42]自華東覆盆子中分離得到對羥基間甲氧基苯甲酸和對羥基苯甲酸。
2.1 抗菌作用
黑莓葉的提取物對幽門螺桿菌具有明顯的抗菌活性,尤其是從黑莓中提取分離得到的鞣花酸類成分和黃酮類成分抗菌活性顯著,其最低殺菌濃度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于黑莓葉粗提物[12]。Guido Flamini等[41]從榆葉黑莓中分離得到的rubanthrone A在濃度為4.5 mg/ml時表現(xiàn)出對金黃色葡萄球菌顯著的抗菌活性。興安懸鉤子R.chamaemorus Linn.葉的甲醇提取物對某些革蘭氏陽性、革蘭氏陰性菌和白色念珠菌具有顯著的抗菌活性[43]。
2.2 抗炎作用
Choi J[44]等人研究了插田泡果實(shí)的提取物對小鼠和大鼠的抗炎活性,結(jié)果顯示,從插田泡果實(shí)分離到的苦莓苷F1和23-hydroxytormentic acid均有顯著的抗炎作用,且23-hydroxytormentic acid比苦莓苷F1具有更高的抗炎活性。
2.3 抗腫瘤作用
茅莓總皂苷對體內(nèi)、外黑色素瘤細(xì)胞有抑制作用,通過促進(jìn)黑色素瘤細(xì)胞凋亡而發(fā)揮抗腫瘤活性,并呈量效依賴關(guān)系[45]。
Choi SH等[46]研究了托盤根甲醇提取物對MCF-7人乳腺癌細(xì)胞生長周期的影響,結(jié)果表明托盤根甲醇提取物具有顯著的誘導(dǎo)癌細(xì)胞凋亡活性,并能顯著抑制 MCF-7人乳腺癌細(xì)胞的擴(kuò)散,對MCF-7人乳腺癌細(xì)胞的生長有很強(qiáng)的抑制效應(yīng)。另外,R.coreanum的水提取物能抑制人結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞TH-29的增殖,并能促進(jìn)該細(xì)胞的凋亡[47]。
2.4 抗氧化作用
Hyun Kyoung Ju等[48]對覆盆子中酚酸的含量及相關(guān)的抗氧化活性在其發(fā)酵前后的變化進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果顯示,覆盆子所含的酚酸具有顯著的抗氧化活性,經(jīng)過發(fā)酵過程后不僅含量有了提高,其清除自由基能力也大大增強(qiáng)。插田泡種子乙醇提取物對DPPA·,H2O2等有較強(qiáng)的清除能力,尤其是發(fā)酵后的種子乙醇提取物比新鮮種子具有更高的抗氧化活性[49]。
2.5 抗過敏作用
方耀高等[50]對廣西甜茶提取物的抗過敏作用進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明,廣西甜茶提取物能顯著抑制2,4-二硝基氟苯誘發(fā)的小鼠耳腫脹及血管通透性增高、綿羊紅細(xì)胞誘發(fā)的小鼠遲發(fā)型過敏反應(yīng)足跖腫脹,減輕小鼠異種被動皮膚過敏反應(yīng),而表現(xiàn)出顯著的抗過敏作用,其作用機(jī)制可能與抑制肥大細(xì)胞釋放組胺有關(guān)。
刺莓R.croceacanthus Leveille甲醇提取物能抑制肥大細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的過敏樣反應(yīng),具有很高的抗過敏活性[51]。
2.6 保肝作用
R.sanctus Schreb.乙醇提取物能顯著抑制四氯化碳誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞死亡效應(yīng),減少谷胱甘肽消耗量,對四氯化碳誘導(dǎo)的小鼠離體肝細(xì)胞毒性損傷有顯著保護(hù)作用[52]。
洪振豐等[53]采用CCl4致小鼠急性肝損傷模型,通過測定血清中谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)、肝組織損傷程度,以及肝組織中細(xì)胞色素CYP2E1和CYP3A1的mRNA表達(dá),研究粗葉懸鉤子總生物堿對模型大鼠急性肝損傷藥物代謝酶的影響。結(jié)果表明,粗葉懸鉤子總生物堿可顯著降低ALT和AST水平,保護(hù)肝細(xì)胞免受傷害,并抑制細(xì)胞色素CYP2E1和CYP3A1在肝組織中的mRNA表達(dá)。
2.7 鎮(zhèn)痛作用
空心泡地上部分提取物具有很強(qiáng)的鎮(zhèn)痛作用,其中28-methoxytormentic acid的鎮(zhèn)痛活性強(qiáng)于阿司匹林和對乙酰氨基酚數(shù)倍[35]。從R.imperialis中分離得到的苦莓苷F1也具有顯著的鎮(zhèn)痛效果[54]。
2.8 其它作用
從插田泡的未成熟果實(shí)中分離得到的苦莓苷F1和23-hydroxytormentic acid具有較好的抗風(fēng)濕作用[30];茅莓總皂苷具有較好的抗腦缺血作用[55];從廣西甜茶水提取物中分離得到的沒食子酸具有顯著的抗血管生成活性[56]。從茅莓根中分離得到的甜葉苷R1對多巴胺能神經(jīng)元有保護(hù)作用[57]。插田泡果實(shí)乙醇提取物能加強(qiáng)成骨細(xì)胞的功能,對骨質(zhì)疏松癥和骨炎性疾病具有一定的預(yù)防作用[58]。
懸鉤子屬植物含有黃酮、萜、鞣質(zhì)、甾、醌、生物堿、有機(jī)酸等多種化學(xué)成分,具有抗菌、抗炎、抗腫瘤、抗氧化、抗過敏、保肝、鎮(zhèn)痛等多方面的藥理活性,具有很高的醫(yī)療保健價值,且在我國傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)藥中應(yīng)用廣泛。但如何在廣泛搜集整理民間治療經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,確切地闡明該屬植物的活性成分及其作用機(jī)制,并將其開發(fā)應(yīng)用于臨床是一個亟待解決的問題。進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對該屬植物有效成分藥理活性、作用機(jī)制、構(gòu)效關(guān)系、結(jié)構(gòu)修飾改造等的多學(xué)科研究和關(guān)聯(lián)分析,對該屬植物成分的有效利用和新的藥物先導(dǎo)化合物的發(fā)現(xiàn)具有重要意義。
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Progress of Chemical Constituents and Pharmacology of Genus Rubus
MENG Xiang-juan,LIU Bin*,RE Zeng-cai-dan,SHE Gai-mei,JIANG Yan-yan
Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100102,China
The chemical constituents and pharmacology of Rubus in the latest 10 years were summarized to supply the scientific basis for further exploitation of Rubus.Flavonoids,terpenoids,tannins and steroids are the main constituents of Rubus.It has wide range of pharmacological effects including antibiosis,antiinflammatory,antitumor,antioxidant,anti-allergic,hepatoprotective and antinociceptive.
Rubus L.;flavonoids;terpenoids;tannins;antitumor;anti-allergic;hepatoprotective
1001-6880(2011)04-0767-10
2009-12-28 接受日期:2010-04-08
*通訊作者 Tel:86-10-84738629;E-mail:liubinyn67@163.com
R284.2
A