CNN英語中發(fā)音規(guī)律的研究

王曉晨

(沈陽大學(xué) 外國語學(xué)院,遼寧 沈陽 110044)

CNN英語中發(fā)音規(guī)律的研究

王曉晨

(沈陽大學(xué) 外國語學(xué)院,遼寧 沈陽 110044)

分析總結(jié)了CNN英語中的連讀、卷舌音、爆破音、濁化、縮讀等重要的發(fā)音特點(diǎn),對課堂知識進(jìn)行了補(bǔ)充,以幫助學(xué)生提高英語新聞的聽力理解能力。

CNN;英語連讀;卷舌音;爆破音;濁化

CNN又叫做Cable News Network,中文意思是有線電視新聞網(wǎng),始建于1980年,是美國最具影響力的電視臺,其電視節(jié)目包括 Top Stories,Travel Guide,Prescription For Your Health,On-Screen,Health watch,Science & Technology Today,YourMoney,CNN & Time100 Innovators,Journey To Wellness, Celebrity Watch, Talk Asia,Sports Watch,Business Update,CNN Lookout,Computer Connection,The Gallup Report,Earth Matters。其中,Top stories(每日新聞)每半小時(shí)更新一次,全天循環(huán)播放,這也是該臺最主要的節(jié)目。Your money則是一檔教你理財(cái)和投資的節(jié)目。Celebrity Watch(名人追蹤)則極大地滿足了人們對名人私生活的興趣。Talk Asia是一個較年輕的欄目,由于近年亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展很快,西方國家越來越多地想了解亞洲,于是就有了這樣一個節(jié)目。華人李連杰、成龍、姚明都曾經(jīng)是該節(jié)目的嘉賓。

近年來,大學(xué)英語專業(yè)對學(xué)生英語新聞的聽力理解能力要求不斷提高,由于新聞英語語速較快,一直是學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn),國內(nèi)曾有過一些該方面的研究,但未能做到完全詳盡易懂,為此,本文將CNN英語中的發(fā)音規(guī)律及特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)。

一、連 讀

為了提高語速,CNN英語中很多音都使用了連讀,規(guī)則如下。

1.失去爆破

一個爆破輔音+輔音(不含半元音),第一個爆破音不發(fā)生爆破[1]42-43。

爆破輔音:/p//b//t//d//k//g/

半元音:/w//j/

以2006年CNN science&technology today欄目報(bào)道中的幾句話為例(加陰影字母失去爆破)。

If you love onion,but hate crying when you chop them. You′ll lik e nextstory.And the result:maybe someday an onion thatdoesn’t produce tears.[2]23-26

2.元音間的連續(xù)加音

元音和元音的連續(xù),有時(shí)有一個微弱的加音。這些加音有三種:/r//w//j/。如果前一個詞以字母r或re結(jié)尾,后面的詞以元音開頭,在兩個詞之間加一個/r/。以 2003年 CNN science&technology today欄目報(bào)道中的幾句話為例:

Finally they found a way to keep a sandwich fresh for up to(/?f r∧p tu/)five years.Soldiers,who are used to MREs(/em a:ri:z/)consisting of freeze-dried meat and vegetables,say this sandwich equals a meal in a five-star restaurant.

二、變音—— 輔音濁化

我們比較熟悉的輔音濁化現(xiàn)象是:當(dāng)/s/后面的清輔音連接一個元音時(shí),清輔音受到后面元音的影響,在實(shí)際發(fā)音中要讀成與其相對應(yīng)的濁輔音。本文將介紹另一種濁化現(xiàn)象:如果清輔音/t/出現(xiàn)在非重讀音節(jié)中,且位于兩個元音之間,那么/t/就讀其相應(yīng)的濁音/d/,該現(xiàn)象在傳統(tǒng)教材和相關(guān)研究中很少出現(xiàn)。

下面幾個詞的國際音標(biāo)是:

monitor /′m?nit?/, date /′deit?/, latest/′leitist/,gator/′geit?/,quarter/′kw?:t?/.

但是在實(shí)際讀音中都發(fā)生了相應(yīng)的濁化變成了 :monitor/′m?nid?/,date /′deid?/,latest/′leidist/,gator/′geid?/,quarter/′kw?∶d?/.

不僅單詞中存在這種現(xiàn)象,單詞間也有這種現(xiàn)象發(fā)生,例如:

There has definitely been a distinctive push to the red meat or(/mi∶d?/)the main protein with fat.[3]15

Once upon a time the worldgot along(/g?d?′l??/)quite happily with local time based on the sun.[4]101

清輔音/k//p/也存在上述的濁化現(xiàn)象,但是并不像/t/濁化那樣普遍,/k//p/濁化存在地區(qū)差異。下面是兩個/k//p/濁化的例子:

We all know that drinking(/′dri?gi?/)water,at least eight glasses a day,is good for us.[5]23

Medical(/′medig?l/)experts say the shock of eating solid food at this stage of his recovery could kill him.

以2005年CNN Travel Guide欄目中報(bào)道為例:

Secret Corridor Opens

ANCHOR:The Vatican(/′v?dig?n/)is letting(/′ledi?/)the public in one part of its history that′s been closed off for centuries.Visitors can now w alk(/w?∶g/)in the footsteps(/′futsdeps/)of Popes who were forced to make hasty getaw ays(/′ged?wei/)long ago.Susana Gargelo has more.CORRESPONDENT:If only these walls could speak.This is one of the Vatican’s longest held secrets:a nearly one kilometer(/′kil?umi∶d?/)long passageway snaking(/sneigi?/)its way above Rome form theheart oftheRomanCatholic Church to the medieval castle of castle St.Angelo.Closed for centuries to anyone but those privileged to move within the walls of one of the world′s most powerful religious institutions,the ancient route has now been opened to visitors(/′vizid?z/)who are lining up to take a historic walk along what they fondly call the“paseto(/′p ?sd?u/)”or small corridor.

三、of的連讀用法

英語中與of搭配的詞組很多,它常常被連讀,這種現(xiàn)象有如下規(guī)律:

sort of——sorta/s?∶d/;

kind of——kinda/kaind?/;

a couple of——a coupla/?′k?pl?/;

a lot of ——a lotta/?l?d?/;

lots of——lotsa/′l?∶ts?/;

以2005年CNN Prescription for your health欄目報(bào)道中的幾句話為例:

A professor of(/pr?′fes?/,兩個/?/合并成一個)nutrition claims that eating water can help us lose weight.

Water,that’s what.They all contain lots of w ater(/l?∶ts?v/).

You can bulk it up with lots of veggies(/l?∶ts?v/),and you even have calories left for a fruit salad.So this is the same number of(/n?mb??/,兩個/?/并成一個)calories as that.

四、句子的縮讀

下列句子的使用頻率很高,然而他們卻常?？s讀,許多學(xué)生抱怨很難聽清這樣的句子,原因是其縮讀后發(fā)音的變化,現(xiàn)將其總結(jié)如下:

What do you(whaddaya/w?d?j?/)mean?

What are your(whaddaya/w?d?j?r/)dreams?

What have your (whaddaya/w?d?j?r/)thoughts on this?

五、美語中的卷舌音和音變

美語中多用卷舌音,這是它不同于英音的主要區(qū)別?？墒鞘裁磿r(shí)候卷舌,什么時(shí)候不卷?其規(guī)律如下:如果單詞的音標(biāo)組合中有r字母,則發(fā)卷舌音,反之則不卷舌,例如:after,hard,working,for,year,army,craftsmen?？梢娖渲兄挥凶詈笠粋€沒有卷舌音。

美語中的音變也是較為常見的,和英音也有很大差別。例如:The U.S.Army has announced a big technological advance.其中,advance的發(fā)音是/?d′v?ns/。變音遵循如下規(guī)律:如果/a:/是由帶r的字母組合發(fā)出的,則讀/a:r/;如果不是則讀成/?/,例如:

From dogs to horses,and as long as there is conflict between humans,chances are,this won’t be the last time either.

A digital wallet was invented to help remember the passport.

If you’re asked whether you’d like to install something,and you are not quite sure,the safe answer is always no.

綜上所述,CNN英語中的發(fā)音規(guī)律在提高學(xué)生新聞英語聽力理解中發(fā)揮著重要作用,掌握其主要規(guī)律,不但可以使學(xué)生在新聞聽力部分考試中取得理想的成績,還可以幫助提高學(xué)生的發(fā)音和朗讀,使學(xué)生們口語流利,語速加快,發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確,而且標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

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[2] 華惠芳.試論英語學(xué)習(xí)動機(jī)與策略的研究[J].外語界,2000(3):44-47.

[3] 林敏.非英語專業(yè)詞匯記憶與觀念策略[J].四川外語學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2003(1):25-27.

[4] 王篤勤.英語教學(xué)策略論[M].北京:外語教學(xué)與研究出版社,2002:10.

[5] 關(guān)麗君.英語閱讀與詞匯教程[M].成都:西南交通大學(xué)出版社,2007:2.

Pronunciation Rules in CNN

WAN G Xiaochen

(School of Foreign Languages,Shenyang University,Shenyang 110044,China)

The characteristics of pronunciation in CNN are analyzed and summarized,such as liaison,retroflex,explodent,sonant and contractions,which is supplement to textbooks and improves the listening comprehensive ability of English news.

CNN;liaison of English;retroflex;explodent;sonant

H 311

A

1008-9225(2011)04-0096-03

2010-12-22

王曉晨(1980-),女,山東單縣人,沈陽大學(xué)講師。

【責(zé)任編輯:王立欣】