休閑農(nóng)莊，新山，馬來(lái)西亞

1 總平面/Site plan

概念

本項(xiàng)目的主要設(shè)計(jì)概念為3片獨(dú)立場(chǎng)地的互相融合，以及5棟服務(wù)于同一客戶(hù)的建筑的綜合設(shè)計(jì)、建造。整個(gè)建筑群包括給父母用的主體建筑（目前進(jìn)度延期中）、一個(gè)果園以及4棟“大多數(shù)墻都面對(duì)景觀(guān)”的獨(dú)立別墅——每個(gè)孩子使用一棟，建筑間則通過(guò)景觀(guān)道路相連。設(shè)計(jì)范圍包括建筑的總平面設(shè)計(jì)、方案設(shè)計(jì)以及個(gè)體建筑中的家具和室內(nèi)整體設(shè)計(jì)。

主體建筑

如同建筑群拼圖的最后一塊，主體建筑共由3翼組成。每翼間形成由圍墻圍合而成的不同高差的花園和中庭，建筑中的起居空間則面向這些庭院景致。建筑位于場(chǎng)地的制高點(diǎn)，如同環(huán)繞場(chǎng)地的圍墻一般，讓別墅和果園（位于場(chǎng)地東側(cè)）成為相對(duì)私密的領(lǐng)域。

別墅

獨(dú)立別墅是為孩子們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)的，建筑融入自然之中，在將來(lái)則預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)形成人造景觀(guān)。每棟別墅的平面和立面間都保持一定距離來(lái)保護(hù)隱私，同時(shí)界定出每棟別墅的空間。位于地面以下的庭院則進(jìn)一步劃分出各別墅的邊界。

入口空間除了限制人員出入起到保護(hù)隱私的作用，也成為別墅空間的外延。設(shè)計(jì)的最大特點(diǎn)是懸挑出6m的屋面——在為建筑的開(kāi)放側(cè)遮雨的同時(shí)與柔和的背景形成對(duì)比，表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)有力的特質(zhì)。一條長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的車(chē)道從建筑群的主入口向下延伸，經(jīng)過(guò)景觀(guān)區(qū)域通往別墅區(qū)。道路的盡頭是夸張的雨篷，其兩頭固定在斜坡?tīng)畹木坝^(guān)面上。

2 外景/Exterior view

每處空間的設(shè)計(jì)出發(fā)點(diǎn)都是最大化景觀(guān)視野的同時(shí)提供自然光和通風(fēng)，得到了各個(gè)具有不同特色的空間。底層空間包括別墅的公共空間——廚房、洗衣房、餐廳和起居空間。當(dāng)使用者在這層中從入口走到景觀(guān)庭院時(shí)，空間高度從一層上升到二層。平面的邊界處是當(dāng)?shù)禺a(chǎn)的白色水磨石，反射出上部的屋頂平面，并減少了材料的用色。水磨石與草坪的高度平齊，中間通過(guò)用來(lái)收集排放地表雨水的溝渠劃分。

用餐空間可以俯視下面的院子，與相鄰建筑間的視線(xiàn)則通過(guò)樹(shù)木和爬藤植物隔離開(kāi)。雙層高的起居空間的盡頭是可開(kāi)啟的、通高至屋頂板的垂直玻璃，可以盡覽果園的風(fēng)景并能打開(kāi)整個(gè)立面。近處的景觀(guān)通過(guò)混凝土邊界將“粗野”的果園與起居室外修剪整齊的草坪分隔開(kāi)。門(mén)斗可以方便地全部打開(kāi)、以讓底層空間能夠面向具有熱帶風(fēng)貌的景觀(guān)完全開(kāi)放。

建筑的體量從入口一直延伸到果園處，拔地而起但并沒(méi)有“墻”。建筑中的夾層能提供一個(gè)額外的起居室或臥室，同時(shí)也是空間的微妙擴(kuò)張。使用者在室內(nèi)也能意識(shí)到入口雨篷的存在，這是因?yàn)樗迦虢ㄖ?，一直延伸到夾層的空間之上，成為一張可以北望的椅子或一個(gè)矮架子。在浴室可以俯看用金屬材料圍合出的3層高的庭院，使用者也可以通過(guò)浴室到達(dá)庭院中自由的使用空間而不用擔(dān)心被窺視到。

夾層中延伸出兩個(gè)采光走道，東側(cè)的走道通往有可開(kāi)啟幕墻的一面，使用者可以控制與相鄰建筑的視線(xiàn)接觸來(lái)保護(hù)隱私，也能根據(jù)時(shí)間和季節(jié)來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)陽(yáng)光的入射量。西側(cè)的走道通往從結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件延伸出的平臺(tái)上，形成建筑高處的開(kāi)放空間，平臺(tái)懸臂的結(jié)構(gòu)則與屋頂平面一致。夾層的木制家具與屋頂面保持一定距離以維持屋頂層作為遮光構(gòu)件的純凈感。一個(gè)狹小的書(shū)房占據(jù)了屋頂層的一角，形成安靜的私密區(qū)域，其外則是一片寬敞的共享空間。通過(guò)全玻璃圍合，書(shū)房中可以遙望遠(yuǎn)處的風(fēng)景。

地下層為包括臥室在內(nèi)的私人空間。這種安排方式并不新鮮，但臥室位于底層的做法與東南亞常見(jiàn)的臥室在一樓的安排不同。通高的移門(mén)讓每間臥室都能完全開(kāi)放，通往私人庭院。下沉庭院的樹(shù)木在長(zhǎng)大后將形成從地面層可見(jiàn)的綠籬，增加別墅間的私密性。

與建筑的其他部分一樣，地下層也秉持了高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)——上部地面層的小簇“光鏡”讓光線(xiàn)能透射到地下層的公共通道上。兩間儲(chǔ)藏室通過(guò)隱蔽的房門(mén)掩飾起來(lái)，一間與折疊木樓梯毗鄰，另一間則在面向院子開(kāi)放的公共浴室之下。木材門(mén)的使用加強(qiáng)了與儲(chǔ)藏室相鄰的臥室的私密感。

別墅間的步行聯(lián)系安排在靠果園的一側(cè)。長(zhǎng)木材鋪地延伸到餐廳和起居空間，并從別墅中延伸出來(lái)，在現(xiàn)有景觀(guān)中蜿蜒曲折，最終通過(guò)混凝土邊界處墻上的小空間通往相鄰的別墅。

設(shè)計(jì)保持了最初“有墻處既成景”的概念。□（司馬蕾 譯）

在愛(ài)上馬來(lái)西亞的馬來(lái)亞住宅以后，委托人鮑勃和安琪拉希望在蘭卡威島的小山丘上建造一座木構(gòu)住宅。

我們認(rèn)為，用全新的木材來(lái)建造住宅并非一種具有可持續(xù)性的選擇，新采伐的木材如果未經(jīng)過(guò)恰當(dāng)?shù)母稍铮瑒t更容易出現(xiàn)收縮和彎曲等情況。

數(shù)年前，馬來(lái)西亞的木質(zhì)電線(xiàn)桿全部被混凝土電線(xiàn)桿代替時(shí)，我們就曾想，這些木質(zhì)電線(xiàn)桿如果變成木柱將多么美妙。它們抵擋了經(jīng)年累月的來(lái)自白蟻和天氣的襲擊，證明了自身結(jié)構(gòu)上的堅(jiān)固性。同時(shí)，歲月在柱身的紋理和顏色上也留下了獨(dú)特的痕跡。

于是，我們決定用回收的木質(zhì)電線(xiàn)桿來(lái)建造這座住宅，由此同委托人一起展開(kāi)了尋找回收木制電線(xiàn)桿的旅程，最終終于在吉打州的一家木材廠(chǎng)收集到了用來(lái)作為結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件和屋頂椽子的5×5電線(xiàn)桿，而住宅的地板，墻板以及屋頂?shù)哪就邉t均來(lái)自被拆遷的房屋。

每一根柱子都由固定在一條鋼質(zhì)基柱上的4根5×5電線(xiàn)桿構(gòu)成。鋼質(zhì)基柱則作為白蟻屏障，防止白蟻侵襲到人們不易注意到的地方。主要的梁則由3根電線(xiàn)桿與鋼質(zhì)基柱構(gòu)成，這些梁均通過(guò)斜接接頭與其他結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件相連。

通過(guò)使用鋼制門(mén)窗、連接件以及連接線(xiàn)，整個(gè)建造過(guò)程變得更加容易和迅速。這種現(xiàn)代的建造方式與木柱上歲月留下的痕跡構(gòu)成了鮮明的對(duì)比。

人們首先駕車(chē)駛?cè)胍粭l上山的小路，然后登上一段樓梯，最終才會(huì)看到這棟住宅在他們面前逐漸展開(kāi)。住宅的平面構(gòu)成非常簡(jiǎn)單，一層整體為開(kāi)放的起居空間，二層則布置有臥室等房間。一層的起居空間面向游泳池、大海與遠(yuǎn)處的地平線(xiàn)敞開(kāi)。廚房位于起居室的一側(cè)，兩者之間以滑動(dòng)門(mén)分隔。房間門(mén)向內(nèi)開(kāi)放以歡迎不時(shí)來(lái)訪(fǎng)的猴子和其他動(dòng)物訪(fǎng)客，徐徐海風(fēng)使得這里成為了午后小憩的最佳場(chǎng)所?！酰ɡ瞽[ 譯）

Concept

The integration of three individual sites and the design and construction of a complex of five separate buildings for a single client. The complex consists of the main house for the parents [currently put on hold], an orchard, and four individual villas where 'most of the walls are views', one for each child, all linked by landscaped walkways. The scope of works included the master plan for the complex,down to the design and selection of individual pieces of furniture for each space, a fully integrated design.

Main House

The final piece of the overall jigsaw, it is composed of three wings in total, each forming new gardens and courtyards created by walls or difference in levels, so the living spaces will have views of the entire site. Sited towards the apex of the site in totality, the house acts as a wall embracing the project where the villas and the orchard are situated [the eastern part of the site]which is the private domain of the development.

The Villas

The individual villas were designed for the children, responding to the natural fall of the site and in anticipation of the future views to a man made landscape. Each villa has been offset both in plan and vertically to provide privacy and definition of the single villas. Increased seperation of the villas is achieved through the introduction of lower ground courtyards.

The entrances have limited openings to afford privacy for each family and a solid base from which the villa extends. The dominant feature of the design is the roof plane, cantilevering out six metres it provides shade from the rain on the more open side of the villa and acts as a strong expression in contrast to the subdued context. A long driveway from the main entry of the complex drops under and through the landscaping of the main house and provides vehicle access to the villas. The approach ends under a dramatic canopy, bounded on both sides by sloping landscaped planes.

The planning of each space sought to maximise views, light and ventilation, resulting in spaces of varying character. The ground level contains the public domain for the villas, consisting of the kitchen, laundry, dining and living spaces. As the occupant moves through the level, from the entrance to the landscape, the space increases

2 外景/Exterior view

from single height to double height. The floor finish is in-situ white terrazzo, reflecting the roof plane above, and contributing to a restrained materials palette. It finishes flush with the lawn, demarcated by a channel that collects and discharges any rain or surface water.

The dining space overlooks a courtyard below,screened from the neighbours by a combination of trees and climbing creepers. The double height living space terminates in operable vertical glazing that continues to the roof plane, affording full views of the orchard and the ability to open the entire facade. The immediate landscape, bordered by a concrete edge divorces the 'wilder' orchard from the more formal manicured lawn directly outside the living space. All the doors are designed to be fully flexible to allow for spaces on the ground level to be totally opened out towards the tropical landscape.

The volume extending from the entrance to the orchard and from the ground up has no 'walls'.A mezzanine has been inserted, accommodating either an additional living space or bedroom, and is a subtle expansion of space. The occupant is aware of the entrance canopy as it penetrates into the space on the mezzanine level, acting as a bench seat with views to the north or as a low shelf.The bathroom overlooks a three-storey courtyard enclosed in metal, encouraging the occupant to open the bathroom to the courtyard and freely use the space with no fear of being observed.

Extending from the mezzanine are two light walkways, the eastern walkway provides access to the facade of adjustable screens, allowing individual occupants to control the amount of privacy they would like from their neighbours and adjust sun penetration throughout the days and seasons. The western walkway is a balcony, extending through the structural elements it provides a high external vantage point over the complex, its cantilever mimicking the roof plane. The joinery works on the mezzanine level were designed not to touch the ceiling, in order to conserve the purity of the roof as a protective shading element. A discreet study occupies the corner of this level, creating a private and quiet zone, within a much larger shared open space; fully glazed, it embraces the distant views.

The private domain on the basement holds the bedrooms; more conventional in its arrangement but unusual in the sense that the bedrooms are on the lower floor, as opposed to the first floor typically found throughout South East Asia. Full height sliding doors allows each bedroom to completely open out onto their own lower private courtyard. The treesplanted on the lower ground courtyard will eventually provide added privacy between the villas in the form of a foliage screen seen from the ground level.

Consistent with the entire complex a high level of design detail has been applied to the basement level; clusters of small 'light lenses' from the ground level above allow light to enter the shared passageway at the basement level. 'Secret' doors disguise the two store rooms adjacent to, and under,the folding timber stairs and the shared bathroom opens to the courtyard, its timber doors increasing privacy to the adjacent bedroom.

Pedestrian connection between each villa is encouraged on the orchard side. Long timber decks,parallel to the dining and living spaces, extend out from the villa and hovering above the existing landscape before returning through a small space in the concrete boundary wall to the neighbouring villa.

The original idea of 'where most of the walls are views' remains.□

3 首層平面/Ground floor plan

4 單獨(dú)層平面/Individual floor plans a-夾層平面/Mezzanine floor plan b-底層平面/Lower ground floor plan

5 東立面/East elevation

6 西立面/West elevation

7 外景/Exterior view

8 外景/Exterior view

9 外景/Exterior view

10 外景/Exterior view

11 外景/Exterior view

12 外景/Exterior view

13 內(nèi)景/Interior view

14 細(xì)部/Details

15 細(xì)部/Details