藏藥船型烏頭中的生物堿成分

黃圣卓，曹金鑫，蔣思萍，朱華結(jié)

1中國(guó)科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所植物化學(xué)與西部植物資源持續(xù)利用國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，昆明650204; 2西藏高原生物研究所，拉薩850001;3中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院，北京100049

Introduction

The plant genus Aconitum(Ranunculaceae)has over 100 species distributed in the northern hemisphere.The whole plants of Aconitum naviculare Stapf are used in traditional Tibetan medicine system for the treatment of some inflammations like gastritis，hepatitis，nephritis［1］.Crude preparations from Aconitum species were popularly used in Asia，Alaska，and Europe［2］in folklore and traditional medicine for the treatment of traumatic injury［3］，as febrifuge and bitter tonic［4］，and as ingredients in intoxicating liquor［5］.However，little phytochemistry study has been reported on A.naviculare.In this paper，eight alkaloids were isolated from A.naviculare.

Experimental Section

General

Optical rotations determinations were carried on an OA AA-50 digital polarimeter.1H and13C NMR Spectra were recorded on Bruker AM-400 and DRX-500 spectrometers with CDCl3or CD3OD as solvent and TMS as standard.The MS data were recorded by a VG Autospec-3000 mass spectrometer;in m/z(rel.%).Column chromatography were carried out with SiO2(200-300 mesh，Qingdao Marine Chemistry Inc.CHCl3/ MeOH)and Sephadex LH-20(25-100 μm，Phamacia Fine Chemical Co.Ltd.CHCl3/MeOH 1∶1)

Plant Material

Whole plants of A.naviculare were collected from Tibet (China)in June and August 2006.The specimen identified by professor Jiang Si-ping and stored in Plateau Institute of Biology Lhasa.

Extraction and Isolation The dried material(20 kg)was extracted with methanol，a crude methanol extract(2.1 kg)was obtained.It’s solution was acidified with 0.1 M H2SO4.The acidic aqueous extract was then basified(pH 10)with 20%aqueous Na2CO3solution and then extracted with CHCl3.The combined chloroform solution was washed with H2O and dried with Na2SO4，and the solvent was evaporated to afford a crude alkaloid extract(40 g)，which was subjected to repeated column chromatography(CC)(SiO2;CHCl3/MeOH，100∶0 to 0∶100).The fractions eluted by CHCl3/MeOH 80∶20(3.6 g) was further purified by repeated CC(1.SiO2，CHCl3/ MeOH，100∶1;2.Sephadex LH-20，CHCl3/MeOH 1∶1)to afford compounds 1(1.5 mg)，2(26.7 mg)，3(1.6 mg)，4(13.7 mg)，5(40.5 mg)，6(12.0 mg)，7 (2.1 mg)，and 8(13.0 mg).

Result and Discussion

13-O-Acetylhetisine(1)C22H27NO4，white powder，［α］+20.0(c 0.0015，MeOH)，EI-MS(70 eV)m/ z 369［M］+(45)，352(12)，340(30)，326(38)，310(100)，282(48)，253(22)，160(21)，144 (13)，1H NMR(CD3OD，400 MHz)δ:5.02(2H，d，J =2.2 Hz)，4.78(1H，s)，4.29(1H，d，J=9.0 Hz)，3.62(1H，d，J=1.6 Hz)，3.58(1H，d，J=1.7 Hz)，3.43(1H，s)，2.72(2H，m)，2.57(1H，d，J=4.9 Hz)，2.53(1H，s)，2.46(1H，d，J=2.6 Hz)，2.30～2.06(9H，overlap)，1.84-1.76(3H，overlap)，1.21～1.17(4H，overlap);13C NMR(CD3OD，100 MHz)δ:215.4(s)，172.4(s)，146.7(s)，109.3 (t)，74.9(d)，74.8(d)，71.6(d)，66.7(d)，63.7 (t)，61.3(d)，55.6(d)，50.82(s)，50.80(d)，48.6(d)，45.6(s)，40.5(t)，36.7(s)，36.2(t)，34.0(t)，33.7(t)，29.8(q)，21.3(q).Comparing the data to the reported results in literature［6］，the structure is defined as 13-O-acetylhetisine.

2-Acetyl-13-dehydro-11-epihetisine(2) C22H27NO4，white powder，［α］+48.7 (c 0.01335，MeOH)，ESI-MS(pos.)m/z 370［M+H］+，1H NMR (CDCl3，400 MHz)δ:5.03(1H，d，J=9.0 Hz)，4.83 (1H，s)，4.68(1H，s)，4.05(1H，d，J=9.2 Hz)，3.77(2H，s)，3.39(1H，d，J=13.9 Hz)，3.34 (1H，s)，2.99(1H，d，J=12.6 Hz)，2.50～2.03 (14H，overlap)，1.74(1H，d，J=12.6 Hz)，1.16 (3H，s)，13C NMR(CDCl3，100 MHz)δ:210.1(s)，171.1(s)，142.9(s)，109.6(t)，75.1(d)，69.6 (d)，69.1(d)，65.6(d)，61.4(t)，57.4(d)，54.9 (s)，52.1(d)，49.8(d)，49.1(t)，47.2(d)，44.2 (s)，42.7(t)，41.3(s)，34.0(t)，32.5(t)，28.0 (q)，21.1(q).Comparing the data to the reported results in literature［7］，the structure is defined as 2-acetyl-13-dehydro-11-epihetisine.

2-Acetyl-13-dehydro-11-hetisine(3) C22H27NO4，white powder，［α］+100.0(c 0.0003，MeOH)，ESI-MS(pos.)m/z 370［M+H］+(60);1H NMR (CDCl3，500 MHz)δ:5.11(1H，d，J=9.5 Hz)，4.94 (1H，s)，4.77(1H，s)，4.30(1H，d，J=9.0 Hz)，3.90(2H，s)，3.48(2H，d，J=13.3 Hz)，3.10 (1H，J=12.8 Hz)，2.65-2.14(14H，overlap)，1.89 (1H，d，J=12.4 Hz)，1.18(3H，s);13C NMR (CDCl3，125 MHz)δ:211.6(s)，170.0(s)，143.4 (s)，109.7(t)，74.1(d)，73.1(d)，70.3(d)，65.3(d)，63.5(t)，59.7(d)，55.4(s)，54.2(d)，49.8(t)，48.9(d)，47.8(d)，44.9(t)，44.4(s)，42.3(s)，35.1(t)，33.1(t)，28.5(q)，21.0(q).Comparing the data to the reported results in literature［7］，the structure is defined as 2-acetyl-13-dehydro–11-hetisine.

Hetisinone(4)C20H25NO3，white powder.［α］+ 16.0(c 0.00685，MeOH)，ESI-MS(pos.)m/z 328［M+1］+(83)，1H NMR(CD3OD，400 MHz)δ: 4.71(1H，s，br)，6.63(1H，s，br)，4.28(1H，m)，4.20(s，br)，4.16(1H，m)，3.69(1H，m)，3.62 (1H，m)，3.20(1H，m)，2.78(1H，d，J=6.7 Hz)，2.74(1H，d，J=4.0 Hz)，2.62(2H，m)，2.30～2.39(5H，overlap)，1.79～2.11(4H，overlap)，1.32 (3H，s);13C NMR(CD3OD，100 MHz)δ:211.3 (s)，144.7(s)，109.2(t)，74.6(d)，70.8(d)，70.7(d)，67.2(d)，61.4(t)，57.2(d)，54.7(d)，50.8(d)，50.6(d)，49.8(d)，49.3(t)，44.6(t)，44.4(s)，41.7(s)，34.3(t)，32.9(t)，28.3(q) .Comparing the data to the reported results in literature［8-10］，the structure is defined as helisinone.

Neoline(5) C24H39NO6，yellow powder.［α］+ 5.68(c 0.01935，MeOH)，ESI-MS(pos.)m/z 438［M+1］+(65).1H NMR(CD3OD，400 MHz)δ: 4.22(1H，d，J=6.5 Hz)，4.21(1H，m)，3.82(s，br)，3.58(1H，d，J=7.9 Hz)，3.39(1H，m)，3.36 (3H，s)，3.33(3H，s)，3.30(3H，s)，3.29(2H，s)，3.27(1H，m)，2.97(1H，d，J=11.1 Hz)，2.89 (1H，s)，2.85(1H，m)，2.75(1H，m)，2.57(1H，d，J=11.1 Hz)，2.25(1H，d，J=6.5 Hz)，2.20 (2H，d，J=7.1 Hz)，2.20(1H，m)，2.08(1H，s)，1.95(1H，m)，1.65(1H，m)，1.63(1H，m)，1.59 (2H，m)，1.27(1H，s)，1.14(3H，d，J=7.1 Hz);13C NMR(CD3OD，100 MHz)δ:84.3(d)，80.8(t)，79.5(d)，76.3(d)，75.2(s)，73.2(d)，64.2 (d)，59.4(q)，58.6(t)，58.3(q)，56.5(q)，54.4 (d)，50.8(s)，49.8(d)，48.5(d)，45.3(d)，45.2 (d)，42.5(t)，41.8(d)，39.2(s)，31.4(t)，30.0 (t)，29.8(t)，12.6(q).Comparing the data to the reported results in literature［11］，the structure is defined as neonile.

Foresticine(6)C24H39NO6，yellow powder.［α］+ 18.5(c 0.00755，MeOH)，ESI-MS(pos.)m/z［M+ 1］+(67)，1H NMR(CDCl3，500 MHz)δ:4.19(1H，m)，4.15(1H，d，J=6.5 Hz)，3.65(1H，s)，3.62 (1H，d，J=8.0 Hz)，3.34(1H，m)，3.32(3H，s)，3.31(3H，s)，3.30(3H，s)，3.24(1H，d，J=8.0 Hz)，2.67(2H，m)，2.51(1H，m)，2.45(1H，m)，2.26～2.35(3H，overlap)，2.16(2H，m)，2.03 (3H，m)，1.83～1.87(2H，overlap)，1.56(1H，m)，1.43-1.55(3H，m)，1.11(3H，t，J=7.0 Hz).13C NMR(CDCl3，125 MHz)δ:83.1(d)，81.8(d)，80.2(t)，75.9(d)，74.2(s)，72.2(d)，63.8(d)，59.2(q)，57.9(q)，57.0(t)，56.3(q)，52.1(d)，49.4(d)，48.2(d)，48.2(t)，44.8(d)，44.0(d)，42.8(t)，40.3(d)，38.1(s)，29.8(t)，29.4(t)，29.3(t)，13.0(q).Comparing the data to the reported results in literature［12］，the structure is defined as foresticine.

Isoquinoline(7) C9H7N，light yellow oil.ESI+MS m/z 130［M+1］+(78).1H NMR(CDCl3，500 MHz) δ:9.12(1H，s)，8.41(1H，d，J=8.2 Hz)，7.86 (1H，m)，7.71(1H，m)，7.56(1H，m)，7.50(2H，m).13C NMR(CDCl3，125 MHz)δ:152.2(d)，142.4(d)，135.8(d)，130.3(d)，128.4(d)，127.3(d)，126.9(d)，126.1(d)，120.1(d) .Comparing the data to the reported results in literature［13］，the structure is defined as isoquinoline.

Dianthramide B(8) N-salicyl-4-hydroxyanthranilic acid methyl ester，C15H13NO5，white powder.EI-MS (70 eV)m/z 287［M］+(16)，255((9)，MMeOH)，167((100)，M 34ArCOO)，135((50)，MArCOO-MeOH)，121((44)，ArCOOH);FAB-MS:286［M–H］–;1H NMR(CDCl3，400 MHz)δ:12.3 (1H，s，-OH)，11.9(1H，s，-OH)，8.68(1H，d，J= 9.5 Hz)，7.79(1H，d，J=8.5 Hz)，7.56(1H，d，J =2.9 Hz)，7.44(1H，s)，7.12(1H，dd，J=9.0，2.9 Hz)，6.99(2H，m)，3.98(3H，s);13C NMR (CDCl3，100 MHz)δ:170.9(d)，171.2(s)，166 (s)，163.4(s)，144.8(s)，136.5(d)，135.2(d)，129.2(d)，121.3(d)，120.2(d)，118.2(d)，113.1(d)，109.4(d)，109.3(s)，53.6(q).Comparing the data to the reported results in literature［14，15］，the structure is defined as dianthramide B(N-salicyl-4-hydroxyanthranilic acid methyl ester).

Acknowledgements This work was funded by NSFC (30770235 and 30873141)and Chinese Academy of Sciences(YZ-06-1)，973 Program(2009CB522304) and Key State Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China of Kunming Institute of Botany(P2008-ZZ17).

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