溫來友,陳建慶,繆建中,胡永明,吳 震,李以飛
東南大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬江陰醫(yī)院麻醉科,江蘇江陰 214400
瑞芬太尼在支撐喉鏡下聲帶息肉摘除術(shù)中的應(yīng)用
溫來友,陳建慶,繆建中,胡永明,吳 震,李以飛
東南大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬江陰醫(yī)院麻醉科,江蘇江陰 214400
目的:研究瑞芬太尼替代肌松藥在聲帶摘除術(shù)應(yīng)用的可行性。方法:將60例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ級(jí)聲帶息肉患者,隨機(jī)分為瑞芬太尼組(A組)和羅庫溴銨組(B組),每組30例,記錄誘導(dǎo)前、誘導(dǎo)后、插管即刻、術(shù)始、術(shù)畢時(shí)的HR、MAP變化,觀察支撐喉鏡置入后聲帶運(yùn)動(dòng)情況,記錄手術(shù)時(shí)間、停藥后呼吸恢復(fù)時(shí)間和拔管時(shí)間。結(jié)果:誘導(dǎo)后、插管即刻、術(shù)始、術(shù)畢時(shí)的A組HR、MAP顯著比B組降低(P<0.05),與入室比較,A組MAP較B組穩(wěn)定(P<0.05),A組HR 明顯降低(P<0.05),B 組顯著升高(P<0.05),與誘導(dǎo)前比較,誘導(dǎo)后兩組 HR、MAP 均顯著降低(P<0.05)。A 組呼吸恢復(fù)時(shí)間和拔管時(shí)間明顯短于B組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:瑞芬太尼替代肌松藥應(yīng)用于聲帶摘除術(shù)安全可靠,術(shù)后呼吸恢復(fù)時(shí)間和拔管時(shí)間短,提高手術(shù)效率。
瑞芬太尼;肌松藥;聲帶息肉
顯微支撐喉鏡下對(duì)聲帶息肉進(jìn)行切除能最大限度地徹底清除聲帶病變組織,盡可能減少對(duì)聲帶的損傷,具有創(chuàng)面小、術(shù)后恢復(fù)快、不發(fā)生聲帶粘連等優(yōu)點(diǎn)[1]。手術(shù)常在全麻下操作,麻醉誘導(dǎo)常規(guī)應(yīng)用非去極化肌松藥,術(shù)后呼吸恢復(fù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),影響手術(shù)臺(tái)次周轉(zhuǎn)。研究表明,瑞芬太尼已成為肌松藥的替代藥應(yīng)用于麻醉誘導(dǎo)和維持[2],筆者應(yīng)用瑞芬太尼替代羅庫溴銨,也取得了滿意的麻醉效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下:
選擇ASAⅠ~Ⅱ級(jí)擇期在全麻下行支撐喉鏡下聲帶息肉切除術(shù)患者60例,高血壓、冠心病、肺部疾患、心動(dòng)過緩等排除在外,術(shù)前評(píng)估無氣管內(nèi)插管困難,其中,男27例,女33例;年齡24~62歲。隨機(jī)分為瑞芬太尼組(A組)和羅庫溴銨組(B 組),每組 30例。
術(shù)前30 min肌注地西泮10 mg,阿托品0.5 mg,入室后監(jiān)測(cè)EKG、NBP、SpO2、PetCO2。 麻醉誘導(dǎo)A組靜注咪唑安定0.1 mg/kg、芬太尼 2 g/kg、異丙酚 2 mg/kg、瑞芬太尼 0.6 g/kg(靜注時(shí)間>60 s),B 組靜注注咪唑安定 0.1mg/kg、芬太尼 2 g/kg、異丙酚2mg/kg、羅庫溴銨0.6mg/kg,麻醉維持兩組均持續(xù)泵入異丙酚 5mg/(kg·h)、瑞芬太尼 0.3 g/(kg·h)。 術(shù)后 B 組應(yīng)用新斯的明0.01~0.02mg/kg、阿托品0.5mg拮抗肌松藥的殘余作用,A組不用拮抗藥。
記錄誘導(dǎo)前、誘導(dǎo)后、插管即刻、術(shù)始、術(shù)畢時(shí)的HR、MAP變化,觀察支撐喉鏡置入后聲帶運(yùn)動(dòng)情況,記錄停藥后呼吸恢復(fù)時(shí)間和拔管時(shí)間(呼吸恢復(fù)到導(dǎo)管拔除)。
采用SPSS 10.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,采用單因素方差分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
與誘導(dǎo)前比較,A組HR各時(shí)間點(diǎn)均顯著降低(P<0.05);MAP僅是誘導(dǎo)后顯著下降(P<0.05),但插管即刻、術(shù)始、術(shù)畢時(shí)無明顯差異(P>0.05);與誘導(dǎo)前比較,B組誘導(dǎo)后HR、MAP均顯著降低(P<0.05),但插管即刻、術(shù)始、術(shù)畢時(shí)卻顯著上升(P<0.05);與B組比較,誘導(dǎo)后、插管即刻、術(shù)始、術(shù)畢時(shí)A組的 HR、MAP 均明顯降低(P<0.05),見表 1。
表1 兩組各時(shí)間點(diǎn)HR、MAP變化比較(±s)Tab.1 Comparison of HR and MAPof the two groups at each tim e point(±s)
表1 兩組各時(shí)間點(diǎn)HR、MAP變化比較(±s)Tab.1 Comparison of HR and MAPof the two groups at each tim e point(±s)
注:與 B 組比較,*P<0.05;與誘導(dǎo)前比較,ΔP<0.05Note:Compared with group B,*P<0.05;compared with the time point of before induction,ΔP<0.05
組別 參數(shù) 誘導(dǎo)前 誘導(dǎo)后 插管即刻 術(shù)始 術(shù)畢A組B組HR(次/min)MAP(mm Hg)HR(次/min)MAP(mm Hg)79.15±1.81 82.35±2.41 77.65±3.08 82.40±2.70 64.50±1.88*Δ 76.50±2.09*Δ 68.25±2.61Δ 79.15±1.81Δ 69.05±3.30*Δ 83.10±2.83*85.80±4.49Δ 90.20±3.74Δ 69.35±2.74*Δ 82.70±2.64*84.25±2.10Δ 88.30±4.38Δ 72.35±2.35*Δ 82.40±2.37*82.20±2.28Δ 85.95±2.19Δ
兩組手術(shù)時(shí)間、支撐喉鏡置入后聲帶運(yùn)動(dòng)情況無差別(P>0.05),A 組呼吸恢復(fù)時(shí)間和拔管時(shí)間明顯快于 B 組(P<0.05),見表2。
表2 兩組呼吸恢復(fù)時(shí)間、拔管時(shí)間、聲帶運(yùn)動(dòng)情況比較(±s)Tab.2 Com parison of breathing recovery tim e,extubation time and vocal cord movement of two groups(±s)
表2 兩組呼吸恢復(fù)時(shí)間、拔管時(shí)間、聲帶運(yùn)動(dòng)情況比較(±s)Tab.2 Com parison of breathing recovery tim e,extubation time and vocal cord movement of two groups(±s)
注:與 B 組比較,*P<0.05Note:Compared with group B,*P<0.05
組別 手術(shù)時(shí)間(min)呼吸恢復(fù)時(shí)間(min)拔管時(shí)間(min)聲帶運(yùn)動(dòng)(例)A組B組7.15±1.18 6.68±1.04 5.20±0.83*10.35±1.73 2.65±0.67*4.90±0.85 0 0
支撐喉鏡下聲帶息肉摘除術(shù)對(duì)咽喉部刺激較強(qiáng)且要求聲門顯露滿意,對(duì)麻醉要求較高,需要較深麻醉,否則會(huì)引起迷走神經(jīng)反射嗆咳、支氣管痙攣[3]。支撐喉鏡下聲帶息肉摘除術(shù)要求有一定的麻醉深度抑制氣管插管、支撐喉鏡置放、手術(shù)操作引起的交感腎上腺髓質(zhì)興奮,但對(duì)肌送的要求不高,只需抑制聲帶運(yùn)動(dòng)即可。常規(guī)全麻下應(yīng)用肌松藥可消除聲帶運(yùn)動(dòng),但術(shù)后蘇醒較慢并延長(zhǎng)機(jī)械通氣時(shí)間,影響手術(shù)臺(tái)次周轉(zhuǎn)。
瑞芬太尼主要通過組織和血液中非特異性酯酶代謝,具有起效快,消除半衰期短,清除率不受性別、體重、年齡影響,也不依賴于肝腎功能等特點(diǎn),無蓄積作用,鎮(zhèn)痛作用強(qiáng),可控性好,聯(lián)合咪唑安定提供滿意的氣管插管條件和穩(wěn)定的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)[4],有利于手術(shù)操作。A組誘導(dǎo)后各時(shí)間點(diǎn)MAP、HR均較B組明顯下降,說明瑞芬太尼能有效地抑制各種應(yīng)激反應(yīng),提高滿意的麻醉深度。和誘導(dǎo)前比較,HR明顯下降,但MAP比較穩(wěn)定,可能與瑞芬太尼劑量依賴性抑制兒茶酚胺的釋放有關(guān),且靜脈注射速度大于60 s,瑞芬太尼對(duì)循環(huán)的影響很小[5]。瑞芬太尼與異丙酚合用而不用肌松藥麻醉誘導(dǎo),能提供滿意的插管條件[6-7]而無聲帶運(yùn)動(dòng),術(shù)中持續(xù)泵入瑞芬太尼和異丙酚,能夠有效抑制應(yīng)激反應(yīng)和聲帶運(yùn)動(dòng),便于手術(shù)操作[8]。羅庫溴銨是一快速起效、中等作用時(shí)效的非去極化肌松藥,0.6 mg/kg羅庫溴銨的作用時(shí)間為30~40 min,對(duì)于短小手術(shù),呼吸恢復(fù)時(shí)間、拔管時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)。
綜上所述,瑞芬太尼替代肌松藥誘導(dǎo)能夠安全有效用于支撐喉鏡下聲帶息肉摘除術(shù),既能保持合適的麻醉深度,又能在術(shù)后短時(shí)間內(nèi)迅速蘇醒,是支撐喉鏡下聲帶息肉摘除術(shù)較為理想的麻醉方法。
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Adm inistration of Rem ifentanil in vocal cord polyps extirpation
WENLaiyou,CHENJianqing,MIAOJianzhong,HUYongming,WUZhen,LIYifei
Department of Anesthesiology,Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to South-east Univercity Medical College,Jiangyin 214400,China
Objective:To study administration of Remifentanil withoutmuscle relaxants in vocal cord polyps extirpation.Methods:Sixty ASAⅠ-Ⅱpatients with vocal cord polyps were randomly divided into two groups with 30 cases each group.The patients were injected intravenously Remifentanil 0.6 g/kg in group A and Rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg in group B during anaesthetic induction.The hemodynamics during anaesthetic induction,at intubation,cutting and operation completed were recorded.Time of resuscitation,extubation,operation and vocal cord polypsmovement after laryngoscope inserted were observed.Results:The HR,MAP of group A were lower than those of group B at post-induction,intubation,cutting and operation completed(P<0.05).Compared with preoperation,the MAP of group A wasmore stable than that of group B(P<0.05),HR of group A decreased significantly,and that of group B increased significantly(P<0.05).The HR,MAP in two groups after induction decreased significantly compared with before induction.In group A,the resuscitation time was shorter and the quality of resuscitation was better than those in group B(P<0.05).Conclusion:Remifentanil withoutmuscle relaxants under general anaesthesia can be used safely and effectively in vocal cord polyps extirpation with short resuscitation time and better quality of resuscitation.
Remifentanil;Muscle relaxants;Vocal cord polyps
R971+.2
B
1673-7210(2011)03(b)-083-02
2010-12-17)