七年級(jí)(下)Units 9-12重難點(diǎn)解析

Unit 9

1.【原句】How was your weekend? 你周末過得怎么樣?

【解析】How is/was…是問候別人近來過得怎樣或詢問健康或某一方面的情況或詢問事情進(jìn)行如何的習(xí)慣表達(dá)。類似的表達(dá)還有:“How are you?你好嗎?”“How are things?近來怎么樣?”“How is it coming? 日子過得怎么樣?”“Hows everything going? 一切都好嗎?”“Hows life?生活好嗎?”“How is your study at school?你在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)情況怎么樣?”“How was the party last Friday evening?上周五的晚會(huì)怎么樣?”

2.【原句】What did you do last weekend, Lucy? 露西,上周末你做了什么?

【解析】(1)這是一個(gè)一般過去時(shí)的特殊疑問句,last+一個(gè)時(shí)間名詞,是一般過去時(shí)的常見狀語,其中did為助動(dòng)詞,用于構(gòu)成一般過去時(shí)的否定和疑問句,無人稱和數(shù)的變化。如:

He didnt go to the beach last Sunday. 上個(gè)星期天他沒去海灘。

(2)last weekend意為“上周末”,on weekends“在周末”(周六和周日),on the weekend 意為“那個(gè)周末”,指說話雙方都明白的、特定的那個(gè)周末;weekend前面若有l(wèi)ast/next/this/ones等要把on去掉。如:

What are you going to do next weekend?下周末你打算干什么?

What about playing soccer this weekend? 在這個(gè)周末去踢足球怎么樣?

3.【原句】What about your friend, Carol? 你的朋友卡羅爾怎么樣?

【解析】What about…?=How about…?意思是“……怎么樣?”,用以詢問消息,提供建議或征詢意見,后接名詞、代詞或v-ing形式,這種用法可能包括說話人和聽話人,也可能只是針對(duì)聽話人而言的。如:

What about going to the movies tonight?今晚去看電影怎么樣?

“How about the girl?”“She is very kind.”“這個(gè)女孩怎么樣?”“她很善良?！?/p>

對(duì)征求建議的疑問句的回答可用:Yes, please./Yes, Id love to./Sure./Good idea./All right.等來回答。

4.【原句】Yesterday, we asked ten students at No. 3 Middle School what they did last weekend. 昨天我們就上周末學(xué)生們的活動(dòng)情況詢問了三中的10名學(xué)生。

【解析】這是一個(gè)含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句,what they did last weekend是一個(gè)賓語從句,作asked的賓語。賓語從句要用陳述語序,其結(jié)構(gòu)為“連接詞+主語+謂語+其他”。at No. 3 Middle School作后置定語,修飾復(fù)合句的間接賓語ten students。如:

I want to know what your name is?我想知道你叫什么名字。

拓展:學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句在初一階段要注意賓語從句的“三個(gè)特區(qū)”:

(1)語序:賓語從句要用陳述語序,即主語在前,謂語在后的正常語序。如:

He asked me what I saw in the zoo. 他問我在動(dòng)物園里看到了什么。

(2)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng):如果主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),從句可根據(jù)需要選用合適的時(shí)態(tài);如果主句用過去時(shí),從句須用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。如:

I didnt know that they were in Beijing, too. 我不知道他們也在北京。

(3)如果賓語從句表達(dá)的是客觀真理或客觀事實(shí)或格言,從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制,仍使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:

The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.

老師告訴我們光傳播的速度比聲音快。

5.【原句】For most kids, the weekend was fun. 對(duì)于大部分孩子來說,周末是很有趣的。

【解析】(1)此處for是介詞,意思是“對(duì)于……而言”,指一個(gè)客觀的情況,這里不能用介詞to代替for。如:

Its too hard for me to believe it. 對(duì)我來說,要相信這件事太難了。

It is warm for March. 就三月來說,這種天氣夠暖和的了。

(2)fun常被用作不可數(shù)名詞,無論是指抽象概念的“樂趣”或是指具體的“有趣的人或事”,都不可以用作復(fù)數(shù)形式,前面也不可帶冠詞。常用詞組:have a lot of fun玩得很開心,have fun doing sth.表示“做某事感到有樂趣、開心”,動(dòng)詞用ing形式。 make fun of 取笑,開……的玩笑。如:

Swimming in the sea is great fun on holiday. 假日在海里游泳是極大的樂事。

They had a lot of fun yesterday. 他們昨天玩得很開心。

We have fun climbing the mountain. 我們?nèi)ヅ郎胶荛_心。

6.【原句】Do you think everyone enjoys their weekends? 你認(rèn)為每個(gè)人都喜歡他們的周末嗎?

【解析】(1)本句是含賓語從句的一般疑問句形式,主句為Do you think,從句是everyone enjoys their weekends。如:

Do you think he is a good student? 你認(rèn)為他是個(gè)好學(xué)生嗎?

(2)everyone作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如:

Everyone is here. No one is away. 大家都在這里。沒有人離開。

7.【原句】He sat down and watched Wang Wang play with a friendly black cat. 他坐下來看旺旺和一只友好的黑貓玩耍。

【解析】(1)watch sb. do sth. 看見某人干某事。如:

I watched him write the sentence. 我看見他寫那個(gè)句子。

watch sb. doing sth. 看見某人正在干某事。如:

I watched him writing. 我看見他正在寫字。

拓展:和watch一樣,see, hear也有此結(jié)構(gòu),doing強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,do強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作全過程。如:

The mum saw her son cross the street. 這位媽媽看見她的兒子穿過了馬路。

The mum saw her son crossing the street. 這位媽媽看見她的兒子正在橫穿馬路。

I usually hear Lucy sing in her room. 我經(jīng)常聽到露西在她的房間里唱歌。

I hear Lucy singing in her room. 我聽見露西正在她的房間里唱歌。

(2)play with…和……一起玩。如:

Dont play with my dog. 不要和我的狗玩了。

8.【原句】Then it was time to go home. 后來該回家了。

【解析】its time to do sth. 表示“該做某事了”或“是干某事的時(shí)候了”,其中its既可以是it is的縮寫,也可以是it was的縮寫,具體情況根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)而定。如:

Its time to do homework. 該做家庭作業(yè)了。

Unit 10

1.【原句】——Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪兒度假了?

——I went to the mountains. 我去山區(qū)了。

【解析】(1)“Where+did+主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+其他?”這一特殊疑問句詢問“某人在哪兒做了某事?”其中did為助動(dòng)詞,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,謂語動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,并且要用原形。如:

Where did he go yesterday? 他昨天去哪兒了?

(2)on vacation意為“在度假”,介詞on在此用于說明活動(dòng)或狀態(tài)。on vacation相當(dāng)于on holiday。如:

She is on vacation/holiday in Beijing. 她正在北京度假。

(3)“I went to the mountains.”是一般過去時(shí)的肯定陳述句,其結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他”。其中went是go的過去式。如:

(4)“go to+地點(diǎn)名詞”意為“去某地”;“go+地點(diǎn)副詞”也表示“去某地”。如:

Please go upstairs. 請(qǐng)上樓。

2.【原句】Did you study for exams? 你為考試而學(xué)習(xí)了嗎?

【解析】(1)Did you study for exams? 此句是一般過去時(shí)的一般疑問句,其結(jié)構(gòu)為“Did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?”其肯定回答為“Yes,主語+did.”;否定回答為“No, 主語+didnt.”。如:

——Did you study Chinese three years ago? 你三年前學(xué)漢語了嗎?

——Yes, I did./No, I didnt. 是的,我學(xué)了。/不,我沒學(xué)。

(2)study for exams表示“為考試而學(xué)習(xí)”。for是介詞,表示“為了;因?yàn)椤?exam是名詞,表示“考試”。如:

Many students studied for exams. 許多學(xué)生是為了考試而學(xué)習(xí)的。

3.【原句】It was sunny and hot all day. 天氣晴朗,但一整天都很熱。

【解析】(1)本句中it用于指天氣,it常用于指代時(shí)間/季節(jié)/天氣/距離/自然現(xiàn)象/溫度/狀態(tài)/情況等。如:

“What is the weather like today?”“Its sunny.”“今天天氣怎么樣?”“天氣晴朗?！?/p>

“How is it going?”“Great!”“情況怎么樣?”“棒極了?！?/p>

拓展:it還用于指代人:

①it指說話者心目中的那個(gè)人。如:

A tall man stood up and shook hands. It was Chairman Mao.

一個(gè)高個(gè)子男人站起來握手,他就是毛主席。

②it 指說話者心目中并不太清楚的那個(gè)人(只聞其聲,不見其人)。如:

“Whos that? ”“I think its Jim.”“誰呀?”“我想是吉姆?！?/p>

③不明確表示性別的嬰兒。如:

A baby is lying in the cradle. It was born two months ago.

一個(gè)嬰兒在搖籃里躺著,是兩個(gè)月前出生的。

④在回答指示代詞表示人的特殊問句中,用it 來代替he/she。 如:

”Li Lei, whos that lady?”“Oh, its my Chinese teacher, Miss Zhang.”

“李磊,那個(gè)女士是誰?”“喔,她是我的語文老師,張小姐。”

⑤it 代替指人的不定代詞。如:

Look, someone is coming. Who can it be? 看,來人了,會(huì)是誰呢?

(2)all day意為“一整天”,day在此指“白天”。all與表示時(shí)間的單數(shù)名詞連用時(shí),表示“全部,整個(gè)”,指三者或三者以上。此短語也常寫作all day long,相當(dāng)于the whole day。如:

all morning 整個(gè)上午all afternoon 整個(gè)下午all winter整個(gè)冬天

4.【原句】The shops were too crowded, so I didnt really enjoy it. 商店太擁擠了,所以我購物購得并不開心。

【解析】(1)crowded是形容詞,意為“擁擠的、擠滿人或物的”,常用句型:be crowded with…表示“擠滿了……、塞滿了……”。如:

The street was crowded with people. 街上擠滿了人群。

拓展:①crowd作動(dòng)詞意為“擁擠、聚集、擠滿”。如:

We all crowded around the speaker. 我們都聚集在演講者周圍。

②crowd作名詞意為“人群、一群(人)、一堆(東西)”“crowd of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)crowd的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如:

Look!There is a crowd of students in front of the classroom. 看,有一群學(xué)生在教室的前面。

There were crowds of people at the theatre. 劇院里聚集了一群群的人。

(2)由連詞and, but, so, or等把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起的句子是并列句。

本句中so表示因果關(guān)系。如:

It was late, so we went home. 天晚了,所以我們回家了。

and連接兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)同等并列關(guān)系的句子。如:

Mr. Li came in and he looked worried. 李老師進(jìn)來了,他看上去很焦慮。

but表示轉(zhuǎn)折。如:

He fell off his bike, but he didnt hurt himself. 他從自行車上摔下來,但沒傷著。

or表示選擇關(guān)系。如:

You have to run, or youll be late for school. 你必須跑,否則上學(xué)會(huì)遲到。

5.【原句】He was lost and I helped him find his father. 他走失了,我?guī)椭业搅怂陌职帧?/p>

【解析】(1)be lost意為“丟失的,失蹤的;迷路的”,相當(dāng)于get lost或lost oneself。lost是lose的過去分詞,在句子中作形容詞,lost既可作表語,也可作定語。如:

My bike was lost last week. 我的自行車上個(gè)星期丟了。

(2)help sb. do sth.意為“幫助某人做某事”,也可換成help sb. to do sth.,動(dòng)詞help還常用于短語help sb. with sth.,表示“在某方面幫助某人”。如:

He helps me study English. 他幫我學(xué)英語。

6.【原句】That made me feel very happy. 這使我覺得非?？鞓?。

【解析】本句中make是使役動(dòng)詞,即make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事。如:

She made me stay with her. 她讓我和她呆在一起。

It makes me feel thirsty. 這使我感到口渴。

另外make…+形容詞。如:

The news made her very sad. 那個(gè)消息讓她很難過。

make+名詞/代詞+形容詞(作賓語補(bǔ)足語),以及make it+形容詞+to do sth.。如:

We will make it easier to do this in this way. 我們這樣做會(huì)更容易。

拓展:make的常用詞組:make ones bed收拾床鋪;make money 賺錢; make ones way to往……走去; make it約定時(shí)間,做到按時(shí)到達(dá); make faces做鬼臉; make friends交朋友; make tea沏茶; make a mistake 犯錯(cuò)誤; make a telephone call 打電話; make a noise吵鬧; make a living 謀生; make room for給……騰出地方。

7.【原句】We had Sichuan food for dinner. 晚飯我們吃了四川菜。

【解析】介詞for在句中的意思是“對(duì)于、就……而言”,在句型“have…for breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner”中表示“某餐吃什么”。表示三餐的名詞breakfast, lunch, supper/dinner前習(xí)慣上不加冠詞修飾,如:have lunch吃午飯。但當(dāng)特指某一頓飯時(shí),它們前面也可用冠詞。如:

What shall we have for breakfast, Mum? 媽媽我們?cè)顼埑允裁?

Now the lunch is ready. 現(xiàn)在午飯準(zhǔn)備好了。

Unit 11

1.【原句】“What do you think of soap operas?”“I cant stand them.” “你認(rèn)為肥皂劇怎么樣?”“我無法忍受它們”。

【解析】(1)詢問對(duì)某人或某事的看法、態(tài)度用句型:What do you think of…?=How do you like…? 如:

What do you think of this film? 你認(rèn)為這部電影怎么樣?

What do you think of the plan?=How do you like the plan? 你認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃怎么樣?

回答此類問題可以根據(jù)自己的看法來作出評(píng)價(jià)或轉(zhuǎn)述別人的看法。如:“Its great!太棒了!”“Very much. 非常喜歡。”“He doesnt mind. 他不在意?！薄癐ts just so-so. 不過如此而已?！薄癏e is friendly.”“他很友好等?！?/p>

(2)本句用cant stand“無法忍受”,表達(dá)對(duì)某物或某人的喜好程度。如:

I cant stand sports programmes. 我無法忍受體育節(jié)目。

2.【原句】Were talking to Alan, a thirteen-year-old boy.我們正在和一個(gè)13歲的男孩艾倫談話。

【解析】(1)talk to sb.意為“與某人交談”,也可以說talk with sb.。talk to側(cè)重于一方說另一方聽;talk with側(cè)重于雙方之間的交談。如:

Who is talking to our English teacher? 誰在和我們的英語老師交談?

(2)本句中thirteen-year-old 是復(fù)合形容詞作定語,修飾boy,復(fù)合詞中的名詞只能用單數(shù),不用復(fù)數(shù),若表示所屬關(guān)系,可以用復(fù)數(shù),但需去掉連字符并加所有格。如: a two-year-old girl 一個(gè)兩歲的小姑娘;a 50-metre-long bridge一座50米長(zhǎng)的大橋;threehourswalk三小時(shí)的路程。再如:

After the exam, well have two weeks holiday. 考試后我們有兩個(gè)星期的假期。

3.【原句】How about Healthy Living?《健康生活》節(jié)目怎樣?

【解析】how about=what about,意為“……怎么樣?”,用于詢問對(duì)方的情況,征求對(duì)方的意見,或向?qū)Ψ教岢瞿撤N建議。以how about開頭的疑問句,多以一個(gè)已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的或已經(jīng)計(jì)劃過的情形為前提,就下一步如何發(fā)問。about是介詞,后面接名詞/代詞/動(dòng)名詞形式。如:

How about going home?回家怎么樣?

I have no time to see them today. How about tomorrow?

我今天沒有時(shí)間看望他們。明天怎么樣?

4.【原句】Cooking is for moms! 烹飪節(jié)目是給媽媽們看的!

【解析】cooking在此句中是動(dòng)名詞,作句子主語。在英語中,常出現(xiàn)用動(dòng)名詞作主語的語法現(xiàn)象,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:

Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多對(duì)身體有害。

5.【原句】I showed each student six things. 我讓每個(gè)學(xué)生看了六件東西。

【解析】本句是show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb. 把某物給某人看。如:

She showed us her new sweater.=She showed her new sweater to us.

她把她的新毛衣給我們看。

拓展:①show sb.+疑問代詞/副詞+不定式。如:

Please show me how to do it. 請(qǐng)示范一下怎樣做。

②show sb. around 帶領(lǐng)某人參觀。如:

He showed the students around the factory. 他領(lǐng)著學(xué)生參觀了工廠。

③show sb. the way to…告知某人去……的路。

6.【原句】I enjoyed reading your “Whats cool?” article in the school magazine, and would like to tell you what I think. 我喜歡讀你在?？习l(fā)表的文章《什么物品酷?》,我想告訴你我的想法。

【解析】(1)enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事。如:

I enjoy reading story books. 我喜歡讀故事書。

(2)would like…想要…… 后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。如:

I would like to listen to music. 我想聽音樂。

(3)what I think是tell的賓語從句,用陳述句語序。如:

We know what you did. 我們知道你所做的事。

7.【原句】Can you please put my letter in next months magazine? 請(qǐng)你把我的這封信發(fā)表在下個(gè)月的校刊上好嗎?

【解析】Can(Could,Would, Will) you please do…?是用來提出請(qǐng)求的句型,表示向別人征求意見,詢問消息等,意為“請(qǐng)你干……好嗎?”。如:

Can you please lock the door after school?放學(xué)后請(qǐng)你鎖上門好嗎?

Can you please go for a walk with me? 你能和我一起出去散步嗎?

句型中Could/Would 只表示一種委婉的語氣,不表過去式,please后是省略to的不等式,其否定句在please后直接加not。表示請(qǐng)求的句子還有“May/Can I…?”“Excuse me. Could you…?”“Could…?”“Would/Do you mind…?”。

以上句型的常用答語:“Yes, please.請(qǐng)吧!”;“Yes/Certainly. 是的/當(dāng)然可以?！?“Of course.當(dāng)然可以。”;“Yes, with pleasure.可以,很愿意?！?“Thats OK/All right. 好吧!”;“Not at all.沒關(guān)系?！?“No, of course not.不,當(dāng)然不會(huì)。”;“Im sorry, but…對(duì)不起,但是……”;“Youd better not…最好不要……”。

8.【原句】I cant stand the idea that old people cant be beautiful. 我無法忍受老年人不能講究漂亮的觀點(diǎn)。

【解析】該句中的cant stand the idea…指“對(duì)……的觀點(diǎn)、看法不贊成;反對(duì)……的意見”,that old people cant be beautiful是idea的同位語從句,用來進(jìn)一步說明idea的具體內(nèi)容。如:

The idea that time is money is right. 時(shí)間就是金錢的觀點(diǎn)是對(duì)的。

Unit 12

1.【原句】Dont arrive late for class. 不要上課遲到。

【解析】(1)這是一個(gè)否定祈使句,其形式為“Dont+動(dòng)詞原形+其它”,表示勸告、請(qǐng)求、命令、囑咐不要干某事,形式上沒有主語,事實(shí)上祈使句省略主語you,為使語氣客氣,可在句首或句尾加please。如:

Kate, dont take off your coat. Its cold today. 凱特,不要脫掉外套,今天很冷。

拓展:①祈使句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)在動(dòng)詞原形前加dont,不可加 doesnt, not等。

②肯定祈使句句前加助動(dòng)詞do可以用來加強(qiáng)語氣。如:

Do tell her the news. 務(wù)必把這個(gè)消息告訴她。

③在公共場(chǎng)所,用來告誡公眾不要做某事時(shí),常用“No+v-ing”或“No+名詞”代替祈使句。如:

No talking!禁止談話! No photos!不準(zhǔn)拍照!

④否定祈使句的答語多為No/Sorry. I wont(do it again).

(2)arrive late for sth. 做某事遲到,相當(dāng)于be late for sth.。如:

Dont be late for school. 不要上學(xué)遲到。

2.【原句】Dont fight. 不準(zhǔn)打架。

【解析】本句中fight 作動(dòng)詞“打架”,fight還可作名詞“打架”,fight with sb. 表示“與……打架(打仗)”,相當(dāng)于have a fight with sb. 與……打架(打仗)。如:

I had a big fight with her yesterday and she said she wouldnt be my friend any more.

我昨天和她大吵了一架,她說不再是我的朋友了。

Li Mings parents had a big fight last night. 李明的父母昨晚大打了一架。

拓展:fight還可作為“戰(zhàn)斗、斗爭(zhēng)”,常用詞組:fight for“為……而戰(zhàn)”(指為事業(yè)、自由、真理、權(quán)利而斗爭(zhēng)); fight with“同……并肩戰(zhàn)斗”(后接人或國(guó)家)。如:

They are fighting for freedom. 他們?yōu)樽杂啥鴳?zhàn)。

They fought with Chinese in Chinas War of Liberation.

在中國(guó)解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中他們與中國(guó)人并肩戰(zhàn)斗。

3.【原句】Can we listen to music, Cindy? 幸迪,我們能聽音樂嗎?

【解析】(1)這是以情態(tài)動(dòng)詞開頭的一般疑問句。含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子在變一般疑問句時(shí),應(yīng)把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到句首。如:

Can you speak English? 你能講英語嗎?

(2)listen to聽,是固定詞組。如:

Listen to the teacher carefully. 仔細(xì)聽老師講。

4.【原句】I have too many rules in my house. 我家里有太多的規(guī)矩。

【解析】本句中的toomany表示“太多的……”,相當(dāng)于many,用來修飾可數(shù)名詞。如:

There are too many cars in Beijing. 在北京車輛太多。

而toomuch表示“太多的……”,相當(dāng)于much,用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞,也可用來修飾動(dòng)詞和副詞。如:

If you eat too much, you will get fat. 如果你吃的太多,就會(huì)發(fā)胖的。

much too表示“太……”,相當(dāng)于too,用來修飾形容詞。如:

The coat is much too big for me. 這件外套對(duì)我來說太大了。

5.【原句】And I have to be in bed by ten oclock. 十點(diǎn)鐘前我就得上床睡覺。

【解析】(1)be in bed意為“上床睡覺”。如:

Lucy is in bed. 露西在睡覺。

拓展:in bed與on the bed的區(qū)別

in bed意為“在床上”,指睡在、躺在或臥病在床。如:

Dont read in bed. Its bad for your eyes. 不要躺在床上看書,這對(duì)你眼睛有害。

on the bed意為“在床上”,指具體的某物在床上。如:

She put the backpack on the bed. 她把背包放在床上。

(2)by prep. 意為“在……之前;不遲于”。如:

You must be back by ten oclock at night. 你必須在夜里十點(diǎn)前回來。