王洋生平二考

金 鑫

(延邊大學(xué) 中文系,吉林 延吉 133002)

王洋生平二考

金 鑫

(延邊大學(xué) 中文系,吉林 延吉 133002)

王洋是宋代詩人,著有《東牟集》,周必大曾為其文集作序。學(xué)術(shù)界對于王洋生年向有爭論,對于其舉家奔淮的時(shí)間與原因則多含混之詞。經(jīng)考證:王洋生年應(yīng)為 1089年,舉家奔淮時(shí)間應(yīng)為 1107年,而遭禍之由當(dāng)是其父王資深坐張懷素道術(shù)書案,貶職新州。

王洋;生年;奔淮

王洋 (1087—1154),字元渤,宋代詩人。原籍山東東牟 (今山東蓬萊),因父遭禍,而舉家奔淮。后遷居山陽 (今江蘇淮安)。王洋晚年寓居信州,有荷花水木之趣,因號王南池,亦自稱王半僧或半僧寮。

王洋為人耿介尚直。南宋丞相周必大贊其“仕可屈,身不可屈;食可緩,道不可緩”,仕途上可以受委屈,但人格不能受屈辱;飲食可以遲緩,但道義不可有絲毫通融,可見其品德操行之美。有《東牟集》三十卷行世?！端问贰に囄闹尽妨衅淠繛槎啪?眾人以為誤。明代以來世上罕見其傳本選錄,獨(dú)《永樂大典》各韻中散見頗多。清代編纂的《四庫全書》,從《永樂大典》中輯出大部分詩文,編為十四卷。卷一至卷六收古今體詩 713首,卷七至卷十四收各種文體 344篇。

目前所見的王洋研究資料,對于王洋生年的說法難以統(tǒng)一,而舉家奔淮的原因及時(shí)間也常是含混不清。今據(jù)閱讀所見,略加考訂如下,以求教于方家。

一、王洋生年考

對于王洋生年的推測,主要有兩種看法:

一是姜亮夫先生認(rèn)為,王洋當(dāng)生于宋神宗元豐七年 (1084)。其《歷代人物年里碑傳綜表》[1]言見其文《王洋疑年考》,然在《姜亮夫全集》中未見其文。王洋為宣和六年 (1124)沈晦榜榜眼①,其詩云:“年將四十偶占第”(《寄曹嘉父》),意其登科之年將及 40歲。倘若依姜亮夫先生之論,王洋生于神宗元豐七年 (1084),則王洋進(jìn)士及第之年已經(jīng) 41歲了,與其詩不符。故以此說為誤。

二是孔凡禮、傅璇琮、鄭騫等認(rèn)為王洋當(dāng)生于元祐二年(1087)?？追捕Y編纂《宋代文史論叢》云:“王洋 (1087—1154),字元勃 (渤 )……”[2]傅璇琮主編《全宋詩》錄“王洋(1087? —1154?),字元渤 ……”[3]《全宋詩 》雖對王洋生年略有疑問,但仍然把其生年定為公元 1087年,故也將其歸為此類。鄭騫《宋人生卒考示例》錄“王洋,元渤,山陽。約六十七。約宋哲宗元祐二年丁卯 (1087)—高宗紹興二十三年癸酉 (1153)”[4],仍以王洋詩“年將四十偶占第”(《寄曹嘉父》)為據(jù),認(rèn)為王洋生年最早可推定元祐元年 (1086),其及第時(shí),年 39歲。再早則與王洋詩不符,上下相差不過一二年矣。此推論較為有理,但并不是確切的結(jié)論。

今查王庭珪《廬溪文集》有《王舍人生辰作》一首:“己巳四月二十四,甲子夜半天門開。是時(shí)群星環(huán)北斗,一星謫墮人間來……”詩專為王洋生辰而作,明言他生于元祐四年 (1089)四月二十四日,當(dāng)為準(zhǔn)確無誤的表述。王庭珪(1080—1172),字民瞻,號廬溪真逸,吉州安福(今屬江西)人。政和八年進(jìn)士。宣和初,調(diào)衡州茶陵縣丞。宣和末退居鄉(xiāng)里。紹興中,胡銓上疏斥乞斬秦檜,貶新州編管。庭珪獨(dú)以詩送,有“癡兒不了公家事,男子須為天下奇”句,一時(shí)名滿天下。后坐此而貶編管辰州。秦檜死,許自便。孝宗召對,除國子監(jiān)主簿。以年老力辭,主管臺州崇道觀。乾道再召見,除直敷文閣。乾道八年卒。享年九十三歲。著《廬溪文集》傳世。紹興九年 (1139),王洋守吉州,初適名邦,聞王庭珪乃圣世之才,安貧守節(jié),養(yǎng)恬躬幽,郡人仰慕至極。遂虛齊相之堂,以禮幣邀王庭珪,延訪政事。一時(shí)士大夫多為歌詩紀(jì)此賓主之兩賢。各自詩集、文集中對此都有記述。王庭珪《廬溪文集》中《答王元渤舍人書》二篇、《與周秀實(shí)監(jiān)丞書》,王洋《東牟集》存《招安福人士王丞民瞻啟》皆存此事。且宋周必大《直敷文閣王公 (庭珪)行狀》、胡銓《王公 (庭珪)墓志銘》亦對此頗為稱贊。二人此后交誼甚密。王庭珪《廬溪文集》中存《六月上干陪王元渤舍人攜客游青原山周秀實(shí)通判作韻語紀(jì)一時(shí)勝集奉次元韻》、《游青原呈王元渤舍人、周秀實(shí)監(jiān)丞》、《陪元渤舍人、秀實(shí)監(jiān)丞游徹見閣》等。以二人之交誼,此說應(yīng)該是準(zhǔn)確的。且《王舍人生辰作》必是送王洋過目的,如有失誤,必能得到王洋的糾正。

有鑒于此,筆者以為王洋當(dāng)生于 1089年,則及第之時(shí) (1124)為 36歲,與“年將四十偶占第”之語也無齟齬。

二、王洋舉家奔淮考

王洋原籍山東蓬萊,其《葉子發(fā)〈珠玉集〉序》中卻有“予少長江淮”之語,而《東牟集》中也有多篇詩歌作品談到其舉家奔淮之事。如:“野人本住蓬萊側(cè),寄籍淮甸老阡陌”(《贈向揚(yáng)州》);“我家盜焚先子業(yè),每仗馀德寬天誅。悲傷扶病別鄰里,崎嶇僅得來東吳”(《寄廉宣仲》);“我家舊往長淮湄,花開十丈芙蓉旗”(《偶得上饒芡實(shí)頗佳分薦同邑以詩送》);“我年二十始冠弁,一門嬰禍奔淮隅”(《寄曹嘉父》);更有《送鄉(xiāng)僧證緣歸山陽》,認(rèn)山陽之僧為鄉(xiāng)僧。然而究竟因何事“嬰禍”、于何年舉家奔淮,則皆含糊不清。

今據(jù)有關(guān)資料,可以證實(shí):王洋舉家奔淮因其父王資深故。

王資深,字取道,元祐二年 (1087)進(jìn)士。著《方言》、《周書》。縱觀有關(guān)史料記載,王資深其官最早為尚書郎,后為御史。其官御史時(shí),敢于直言,首論“一二大臣丑狀”。時(shí)蔡京用事,使人通款資深,曰“謹(jǐn)勿言,當(dāng)以此位相處”[5]。王資深不應(yīng)。其后王資深出知揚(yáng)州,未幾改知明州 (浙江寧波)。按《江蘇省通志稿·大事志》:“是年 (崇寧二年)宣德郎朱彥知江寧。蔣之奇知揚(yáng)州,尋遷。王資深代?！盵6]

李之亮《宋兩浙路郡守年表·明州·寶慶府》:“崇寧二年癸未 (1103)陸傅、王資深?！秾殤c志》:‘王資深,集賢殿修撰。崇寧年?！陉懜岛笠蝗恕３鐚幦昙咨?(1104)王資深。崇寧四年乙酉 (1105)王資深、葉棣?！秾殤c志》:‘葉棣,曾任吏部員外郎。崇寧年?！谕踬Y深后一人?！盵7]270王資深雖得罪奸臣蔡京,而其出知揚(yáng)州、明州,也不算為遭難。

其后王資深于徽宗崇寧四年 (1105)以顯謨閣待制知越州(浙江紹興)。按吳廷燮《北宋經(jīng)撫年表 ·南宋經(jīng)撫年表》:“(崇寧)四年(1105)王資深。四月,王資深知越州,以顯謨閣待制知?！盵8]李之亮《宋兩浙路郡守年表·越州·紹興府》:“崇寧四年乙酉 (1105)王資深?！稌尽?‘崇寧四年四月以承議郎、充顯謨閣待制知’。崇寧五年丙戌 (1106)王資深。大觀元年丁亥(1107)王資深、錢邇?！稌みx舉》三三之二五:‘(大觀元年)十二月八日,朝奉郎、知秀州錢邇?yōu)榧t殿修撰、知越州’。”[7]63

由此可見,徽宗大觀元年 (1107)十二月王資深已不事越州。而清人徐松《宋會要輯稿·職官六八之一四》:“(大觀元年五月)四日權(quán)密直學(xué)士朝散大夫提舉西京嵩山崇福宮王能甫落職。朝議大夫呂淵降。承事郎王溈之并特追毀出身以來文字,除名,勒停免直決不刺面。(呂)淵配沙門島,溈之配朱崖軍。承議郎顯謨閣待制知密州王資深特責(zé)授衡州司馬,新州安置……”[9]即大觀元年 (1107)五月王資深謫官知新州。按同治《重修山陽縣志》:“時(shí)有張懷素者授資深道術(shù)書,不啟封。既而詔捕懷素。一時(shí)朝士多罹極刑。資深獨(dú)事狀明白,猶以此追秩安置新州?！盵10]故以此事,王洋等舉家奔淮,當(dāng)無誤。王洋等所奔之處,乃楚州山陽徐積處。徐積 (1028—1103),字仲車,山陽人,與王資深為姻家?！督痿~袋王資深撰行狀》:“(王)資深于先生 (徐積)實(shí)為姻家。”[11]徐積、王資深既為“姻家”,王家遭難,王洋等舉家投奔,便是很自然的事。盡管當(dāng)時(shí)徐積已經(jīng)亡故,但其后人仍在,故仍不失為投托的首選之處。而此年王洋已 19歲,與其詩“我年二十始冠弁,一門嬰禍奔淮隅”之語亦無齟齬。

注 釋:

① [宋 ]陳骙《南宋館閣錄 》:“王洋,字元渤,山陽人,沈晦榜進(jìn)士及第?！?/p>

[1] 姜亮夫全集出版委員會.姜亮夫全集:第 19冊[M].昆明:云南人民出版社,2002:384.

[2] 孔凡禮.宋代文史論叢 [M].北京:學(xué)苑出版社,2006:68.

[3] 傅璇琮.全宋詩.王洋 [M].北京:北京大學(xué)出版社,1998:18917.

[4] 鄭騫.宋人生卒考示例 [M].臺北:華世出版社,1977:66.

[5] 四庫全書存目叢書編纂委員會.四庫全書存目叢書:第 91冊:史部 [M].濟(jì)南:齊魯書社,1996:173.

[6] 江蘇省地方志編纂委員會辦公室.江蘇省通志稿 1[M].南京:江蘇古籍出版社,1991:255.

[7] 李之亮.宋兩浙路郡守年表 [M].成都:巴蜀書社,2001.

[8] 吳廷燮.北宋經(jīng)撫年表.南宋經(jīng)撫年表:卷四[M].張忱石,校.北京:中華書局,1984:280.

[9] [清 ]徐松.宋會要輯稿 [M].北京:中華書局,1957:3195.

[10] [清 ]張兆棟,丁晏,等.同治重修山陽縣志 [M].刻本影印,同治十二年 (1873).

[11] [宋 ]徐積.節(jié)孝集附錄:卷三十二 [M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987:981.

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I207.2 < class="emphasis_bold">文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A文章編號:

1007-8444(2010)02-0262-02

2009-11-02

金鑫 (1983-),女,吉林白城人,碩士研究生,主要從事唐宋文學(xué)研究。

責(zé)任編輯:劉海寧