過去分詞在高考試題中的考點(diǎn)例析

李馥萍

〔關(guān)鍵詞〕 過去分詞；定語(yǔ)；表語(yǔ)；狀語(yǔ)

〔中圖分類號(hào)〕 G633.41〔文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼〕 B

〔文章編號(hào)〕 1004—0463（2009）07（A）—0055—01

過去分詞在句中可以作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成分，分析近年來的英語(yǔ)高考試題，過去分詞一直是考查的熱點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。現(xiàn)就過去分詞在句子中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，在高考試題中的考點(diǎn)例析如下：

1. 作定語(yǔ)

單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語(yǔ)，放在被修飾的名詞之前，表示被動(dòng)或完成意義。過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，通常放在被修飾的名詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。

【考例】“_________things never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself.（2007年湖南）

A. ＬostB. ＬosingC. Ｔo loseD. Ｈave lost

【點(diǎn)撥】答案是A項(xiàng)。所填部分應(yīng)看成一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾things，該句可轉(zhuǎn)化為：Things which are lost never come again.

2. 作表語(yǔ)

過去分詞作表語(yǔ)通常表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，即主語(yǔ)的某種感受， 因此主語(yǔ)一般是人或物。過去分詞作表語(yǔ)最常見的有surprised， pleased， tired， interested， crowded， delighted等詞。

【考例】Please remain_________until the plane has come to a complete stop.（2007年山東）

A. to seatB. to be seatedC. seatingD. seated

【點(diǎn)撥】答案是D項(xiàng)。此句表狀態(tài)，意思是：請(qǐng)坐在座位上，直到飛機(jī)安全停下來。

3. 作狀語(yǔ)

過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾謂語(yǔ)，說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況，可放在句中、句前和句后。在意義上可表示時(shí)間、原因、方式、伴隨條件、讓步等，相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句。

（1）相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句

【考例】_________from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. （2005年湖北）

A. Being separated B. Having separated

C. Having been separated D. To be separated

【點(diǎn)撥】答案是C項(xiàng)。從for millions of years我們可知要用完成時(shí)態(tài)，句子的主語(yǔ)是Australia，很明顯從句的意思是:因?yàn)锳ustralia已經(jīng)和其他的大陸分割了數(shù)百萬年之久。在這句話里過去分詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，可以改為：As Australia has been separated from other continents for millions of years.

（2）相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句

【考例】_________with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.（2004年 湖北）

A. CompareB. When comparing

C. ComparingD. When compared

【點(diǎn)撥】答案是D項(xiàng)。很明顯從句的主語(yǔ)是the biggest ocean。Ｃompared相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，從句可以變化為:When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth.

（3）相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

【考例】_________into use in April 2000，the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.（2005年上海）

A. ＰutB. Ｐutting

C. Having putD. Being put

【點(diǎn)撥】答案是A項(xiàng)。很明顯從句的主語(yǔ)是the hotline，從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為：When the hotline was put into use in April 2000.

（4）相當(dāng)于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

【考例】No matter how frequently_________，the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.（2006年全國(guó)）

A. performed B. performing

C. to be performedD. being performed

【點(diǎn)撥】答案是A項(xiàng)。很明顯從句的主語(yǔ)是the works of Beethoven，從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為：No matter how （=however）frequently the works of Beethoven was performed.

（5）伴隨狀語(yǔ)

【考例】The murderer was brought in，with his hands_________behind his back. （2006年 全國(guó)）

A. being tied B. having tied

C. to be tiedD. tied

【點(diǎn)撥】答案是D項(xiàng)。句意為：殺人犯被押進(jìn)來了，他的雙手被反綁在背后。with his hands tied behind his back是伴隨狀語(yǔ)。伴隨狀語(yǔ)通常是說明主語(yǔ)的心情或狀態(tài)的，因此有的可以改成定語(yǔ)從句修飾主語(yǔ)，有的可以改為并列句，這句話可以改為：The murderer，whose hands were tied behind his back，was brought in./The murderer was brought in and his hands were tied behind his back.