用“句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析法”幫助解答高考試題

孫 琦

縱觀歷年高考試題,有很多題考查句子結(jié)構(gòu),我們應(yīng)通過一些典型題目總結(jié)解題思路和方法?！熬渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)分析法”是指用語法知識(shí)分析題干的句子結(jié)構(gòu),弄清句子成分,進(jìn)而找到考點(diǎn),理解考查內(nèi)容,幫助選出正確答案。這種方法有助于解答考查非謂語動(dòng)詞、特殊句式以及從句類的一些題目。

一、用“句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析法”解答非謂語動(dòng)詞類試題

典例分析

(一) to do 不定式作目的狀語

1. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year,reduce unemployment pressures. (2009江蘇卷)

A. helpB. to have helped

C. to helpD. having helped

2. All of them try to use the power of the workstation______information in a more effective way.(2009 北京卷)

A. presentingB. presented

C. being presented D. to present

分析:以上兩題都考查to do 不定式作狀語表示目的。

(二) v-ing 分詞

1. Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school._______the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad. (2009 江蘇卷)

A. AttendB. To attend

C. AttendingD. Having attended

分析:現(xiàn)在分詞短語作表語前置,使句子平衡。

2. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____all four people on board. (2009 上海卷)

A. killed B. killing

C. killsD. to kill

分析:v-ing形式作狀語表示結(jié)果,所以選B。

3. I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. (2009 陜西卷)

A. to take B. to be taken

C. takingD. being taken

分析:remember后用非謂語動(dòng)詞做賓語時(shí),可以用v-ing形式表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,用動(dòng)詞不定式,表示動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生。根據(jù)后文的saw可知,此處非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,且與邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用v-ing的被動(dòng)式,選D。

4. The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. (2009 江西卷)

A. forcedB. forcing

C. to be forced D. having forced

分析:用v-ing 形式作后置定語,修飾new laws,相當(dāng)于定語從句which force…,所以選B。

(三) 過去分詞

1. Every evening after dinner, if not ______ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. (2009湖南卷)

A. being tired B. tiring

C. tired D. to be tired

分析:本題考查省略句和過去分詞。在if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中,如果從句中是“if+主語+be”的形式,且從句和主句的主語一致,則從句中的主語和be都可省略,從句的完整形式應(yīng)為“if I am not tired from work”所選C。

2. Now that we've discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions?(2009全國卷1)

A. taking B. take

C. takenD. to take

分析:本題考查過去分詞作定語。因?yàn)閠ake 和decisions 為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,因此用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。

二、 用“句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析法”解答特殊句式類試題

典例分析

1. —Where did you get to know her?

—It was on the farm_______we worked. (2007山東卷)

A.thatB.there

C.which D.where

分析:如不對(duì)語境進(jìn)行分析,有的考生會(huì)誤選A項(xiàng),誤認(rèn)為是考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。應(yīng)注意題干中所給的句子是一個(gè)不完整的句子,補(bǔ)充完整后應(yīng)該是It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her. where引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾farm,因此選D。

2. Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away _____.

A. fleeing the thief B. was fleeing the thief

C. the thief was fleeing D. fled the thief

分析:本題考察全部倒裝。逗號(hào)之前的是-ing分詞作狀語,后面的主句必須有謂語動(dòng)詞;表示方位的副詞位于句首要用全部倒裝,即主謂完全顛倒,因此選D。

3. The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only_______, but students became more interested in the lessons. (2009海南寧夏卷)