一、It句型
it的用法在初中英語語法中占有較重要的位置,現(xiàn)做一總結(jié):
1. it用來指代時間、距離、天氣等,在句子中
作主語
It's very cold here. 這兒天氣很冷。
It's a long way to get there.
到達那里路途很遙遠。
It's seven o'clock now. 現(xiàn)在是七點鐘。
2. it指無生命的東西
-What's it? 這是什么?
-It's a desk. 是一張桌子。
3. it用來指小孩,特別是嬰兒
She had a baby. And it hasn't eaten anything. 她生了個小孩。這個小孩還沒有吃東西呢。
-Whose is the child?
-It's Mr Brown's.
這是誰的孩子? 是布朗先生的。
4. 根據(jù)某線索或某事實來問及是誰或某
物,用it.
-Where's our food? 我們的食物呢?
-Maybe somebody took it away.
或許有人把它拿走了。
-Who is it ? 誰?
-It's me,Tom. 是我,湯姆。
5. it用來充當形式主語
這時it位于句首,而真正的主語由動詞不定式或that從句充當,后置。例如:
It's good for our health to take enough exercise. 做足夠的運動對身體健康有好處。
It's true that he has been back from Japan. 他已從日本回來這件事是真的。
6. it用來充當形式賓語
真正的賓語是動詞不定式或that從句。例如:
She finds it hard to work in the shop.
她發(fā)現(xiàn)在商店工作不容易。
He feels it his duty to help his sister.
他覺得幫助姐姐是他的職責。
The boss made it clear to his workers that everyone should be on time.老板向工人們講清楚了每一個人都必須準時。
7. 使用it的固定句型
(1)It's no good/use doing sth..(做某事
是不好的/沒有用處的)
(2)\"It be+被強調(diào)部分+ that從句\"強調(diào)主語、表語、賓語、狀語。例如:
It's no good complaining.
抱怨是沒有好處的。
It's no use crying always.
總是哭是沒有用處的。
It is Lei Feng that was always ready to help others. 雷鋒總是愿意幫助別人。
It was yesterday that I heard from you.
我是昨天收到你的來信的。
二、There be句型
There be句型表示“某處有或存在某人或某物”,該句型在使用時應(yīng)注意以下幾點。
1.句型搭配
句型構(gòu)成:“引導(dǎo)詞There+連系動詞be+主語 (人/物)+地點(介詞短語或副詞)”。例如:
There is a book on the table.
桌子上有一本書。
There is an apple over there.
那兒有一個蘋果。
2.名詞及主謂一致
當主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時,其謂語必須用單數(shù)is;當主語是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時,其謂語必須用復(fù)數(shù)are。例如:
There is a river in the picture.
畫里有一條河。
There are two children in the room.
房間里有兩個孩子。
如果There be句型后的主語是幾個并列的名詞時,則根據(jù)離謂語be最近的名詞的數(shù)確定be的形式,即該名詞是單數(shù),be用is;該名問是復(fù)數(shù),be用are。例如:
There is a bird and two boys in the tree. 樹上有一只鳥和兩個男孩。
There are two boys and a bird in the tree. 樹上有兩個男孩和一只鳥。
3.There be句型常用的修飾詞與句式
(1)當主語是單數(shù)名詞時常用不定冠詞a/an來修飾;當表示有“一些”時,常用some于肯定句或表示建議、邀請的疑問句中,用any于否定句或疑問句中。例如:
There are some girls in the room.
房間里有些女孩。
Are there any birds in the tree?
樹上有些鳥嗎?
(2)在構(gòu)成一般疑問句時,其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為:
①Is + there + a/an + 單數(shù)名詞 + 介詞短語?
②Is + there + 不可數(shù)名詞 + 介詞短語?
③Are + there + any + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 介詞短語?
回答用Yes,there is/are.或No,there isn't/aren't.例如:
-Is there a ball on the table?
桌子上有個球嗎?
-No,there isn't. 沒有。
-Are there any children near the door?
門邊有些孩子嗎?
-Yes,there are. 有。
(3)There be句型的特殊疑問句構(gòu)成為:
①How many + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + are there +介詞短語?
②How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there+ 介詞短語?
這種句型主要用來詢問“某處有多少人或物”。例如:
How many students are there in your class? 你們班有多少學生?
4.There be結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的謂語動詞
There be這種結(jié)構(gòu),謂語動詞除be之外,還可用live,lie,exist,stand,remain,go,come等表示“存在”意義的不及物動詞。例如:
Long,long ago,there lived a king.
很久很久以前有個國王。
There stands a tall tree on the top of the mountain. 山頂上有一棵大樹。
There goes the bell for class.
上課鈴響了。
There comes the bus.
公共汽車來了。
There remains much to be done.
還有許多事情要做。
5.There be結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語動詞的形式
There be結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞可以是“be going to/ seem to/happen to/used to/be likely to/... + be(原形)”。例如:
There is going to be a heavy snow tonight. 今晚可能有場大雪。
There seems to be something wrong with the engine. 發(fā)動機好像有問題。
There happened to be a car nearby.
碰巧附近有輛車。
There used to be a hospital here.
從前這里有家醫(yī)院。
There is likely to be a meeting at 5 o'clock. 五點鐘可能有個會議。
6. There be句型與have(has)的用法區(qū)別
There be句型與have/has均表示“有”,但 There be句型強調(diào)“某處有某人/某物”,著重“存在”的狀態(tài);have/has則強調(diào)“某人有某物”,著重“所有”。例如:
Three are children in my family。
我家有三個孩子。
I have three children.我有三個孩子。