否定詞活用

1.no one，none和nothing

no one和none均可指人，前者常表泛指，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)有一定范圍。例如How many students did you see in the classroom?其一定范圍指的是學(xué)生，而不是其他人群，故只能回答“None.”。如果問Did you see anyone in the room?anyone顯然表泛指，則應(yīng)回答“No one.”。

nothing和none均可指物，同樣前者表泛指，后者用于一定范圍。例如How much water is there in the bottle？答案為“None.”。What’s in the room?答案為“Nothing.”。

2.not表示部分否定

not和all， both， every等詞連用時(shí)均表示不完全否定。請(qǐng)看以下例句：

Not all the ants go out for food.并非所有的螞蟻都外出覓食。

I don’t know all of them.我不全認(rèn)識(shí)他們。

Not both sisters are clever.兩姐妹并非都聰明。

I don’t like both of them.他們兩我并不是都喜歡。

Not everyone likes music.并非人人都喜歡音樂。

Every person cannot be a writer.并非人人都能成為作家。

3.否定轉(zhuǎn)移

在含有think， believe， suppose， imagine等詞的復(fù)合句中，若賓語從句表示否定意義時(shí)，應(yīng)將否定詞移到主句謂語動(dòng)詞前，并要和助動(dòng)詞do連用。這種否定轉(zhuǎn)移一般只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：

I don’t think his answer is correct.

He doesn’t believe that we can finish the work on time.

He thought I couldn’t look after myself because I was old.（主句是過去時(shí)）

I have often thought one shouldn’t only think of himself.（主句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）

另外，在下列情況下，通常也不把從句中的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)換到主句中來。

①主句是疑問句時(shí)：Do you think the watch can’t be worth so much money?你認(rèn)為這塊表值不了這么多錢，是嗎？

②think有助動(dòng)詞do強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)：I do think he hasn’t got married.我確實(shí)認(rèn)為他還沒有結(jié)婚。

③think與其他動(dòng)詞并列使用時(shí)：I think and hope that I won’t add any worries to my parents.我想并希望我不會(huì)給我父母親增加任何憂慮。

④有副詞修飾think時(shí)：I sometimes think I’m not fit for the job.我有時(shí)認(rèn)為我不適合干這個(gè)工作。

4.not， no和but等詞的連用

①not...but譯作“不是……而是……”，表示對(duì)比之意，but作連詞用。例如：He is not a musician， but an artist.

②no...but=only，表示“除了”，but是介詞。例如：

No one but I saw him.=Only I saw him.

③cannot but意為“不得不，只好”，與only同義，后接動(dòng)詞原形。例如：

I cannot but help him.

I cannot but accept your order.

④not/no...without表示雙重否定，實(shí)際上是一個(gè)表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈思想感情的肯定句。例如：

Fish can’t live without water.

There would be no New China without our Party.