根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和英美人習(xí)慣做好補(bǔ)全對(duì)話

張　慶　張　蕾

【題型特點(diǎn)分析】補(bǔ)全對(duì)話是中考的?？碱}型，題型主要有選擇句子型、單詞填寫(xiě)型和句子填寫(xiě)型。這種考查不僅提供了完整的語(yǔ)言場(chǎng)合，而且體現(xiàn)了交際語(yǔ)言的情景功能，同時(shí)也加大了信息量，有利于對(duì)考生進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言交際能力的考查。情景交際測(cè)試的目的在于利用對(duì)話的情景，考查學(xué)生實(shí)際運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交際的能力，考查學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣表達(dá)法和生活用語(yǔ)的掌握情況，對(duì)英美國(guó)家文化背景的熟悉程度和對(duì)文章語(yǔ)言邏輯的判斷能力。

【解題思路點(diǎn)撥】

1. 通讀全文，弄清對(duì)話的語(yǔ)境及內(nèi)容。在做題時(shí)，應(yīng)跳過(guò)空格或空行，快速把全篇對(duì)話通讀一遍，了解對(duì)話的整體結(jié)構(gòu)，把握對(duì)話的內(nèi)容及語(yǔ)境，把握對(duì)話的具體時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物以及它們之間的相互關(guān)系。

2. 結(jié)合上下文，把握語(yǔ)境，認(rèn)真推敲。對(duì)話中上下文的關(guān)系是相當(dāng)密切的。做題時(shí)，可以根據(jù)上句的信息推斷下句的信息，通過(guò)下句的信息推斷上句的信息。這樣前后對(duì)照、逐句推敲、雙管齊下、瞻前顧后，抓住對(duì)話的脈絡(luò)。

3. 入鄉(xiāng)隨俗，符合英美人的交際習(xí)慣。在補(bǔ)全對(duì)話的過(guò)程中，所選句子或所填單詞和句子要符合英美人的交流習(xí)慣。在做題時(shí)要注意西方的“五不問(wèn)”，即：不問(wèn)年齡，不問(wèn)婚否，不問(wèn)經(jīng)歷，不問(wèn)收入，不問(wèn)住址等。

4. 重讀對(duì)話，驗(yàn)證答案。填寫(xiě)好單詞、句子或選好選項(xiàng)后，應(yīng)將答案進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，檢查全篇對(duì)話是否貫通流暢，內(nèi)容是否清晰，前后意思是否矛盾，是否符合語(yǔ)境，是否符合上下文的邏輯關(guān)系等等。

【命題趨勢(shì)預(yù)測(cè)】補(bǔ)全對(duì)話具有考查的知識(shí)面廣，綜合能力強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)，今后的考查將更加注重語(yǔ)境、語(yǔ)篇和英美人的交流習(xí)慣。題型仍將是選擇句子型、單詞填寫(xiě)型和句子填寫(xiě)型。對(duì)話材料的選擇將越來(lái)越貼近生活，貼近社會(huì)，貼近學(xué)生生活。只要同學(xué)們具有較扎實(shí)的基本功，較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力和推斷能力，活學(xué)活用，以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變，此類(lèi)題型也就能迎刃而解了。

【經(jīng)典真題解析】

一、根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，從方框中選出五個(gè)合適的句子補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。

X=Xiao FeiM=Miss Lin

X: Good morning, Miss Lin.

M: Hi, Xiao Fei. Where have you been?

X: __1__

M: Really? Thats great!Did you talk with Mark and Judy?

X: Yes, but only a few words. And Im not sure if they understood me.

M: No problem. __2__

X: But Im afraid of making mistakes when I speak.

M: __3__ You should believe in yourself.

X: But do you think they like to talk with us beginners?

M: Yes, unless they are busy.

X: Well, Im still not so confident. You know my pronunciation(發(fā)音) is poor.

M: __4__ Try to talk with them as much as you can.

X: All Yight. __5__

A. Thanks a lot, Miss Lin.

B. Ive just been to the English Corner.

C. Thats a very bad excuse!

D. You have made a good start.

E. No, Im not.

F. We all learn from mistakes, dont we?

G. Can I help you?

分析：這段對(duì)話談?wù)撛谟⒄Z(yǔ)角練口語(yǔ)，Xiao Fei對(duì)自己英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)沒(méi)有信心，Miss Lin鼓勵(lì)他多說(shuō)多練。根據(jù)問(wèn)句的內(nèi)容，第一空應(yīng)該回答到哪里去了，因此選擇B。第二空是Miss Lin表?yè)P(yáng)他能開(kāi)口說(shuō)英語(yǔ)就是好的開(kāi)端，選D。Xiao Fei害怕說(shuō)英語(yǔ)時(shí)出錯(cuò)，所以第三空Miss Lin的回答應(yīng)該是F。Xiao Fei又說(shuō)到對(duì)自己沒(méi)有信心，發(fā)音也不好，Miss Lin說(shuō)：別給自己找借口了，盡量和別人多說(shuō)就行，第四空選擇C。最后一空是Xiao Fei對(duì)Miss Lin所給的建議和鼓勵(lì)表示感謝，選A。

二、在下面對(duì)話的空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，使對(duì)話意思完整、通順。每空填寫(xiě)一詞。

A: Good morning, madam. May I help you?

B: Yes. Im afraid I __1__ my handbag on the taxi this morning!

A: Whats __2__ the handbag?

B: About 5, 000 yuan.

A:__3__ else?

B: Yes, my ID card, I think.

A: By the way, have you __4__ for the taxi ticket?

B: Yes, the ticket __5__ is 2955573.

A: Well. Ill help you to call the taxi __6__. (Knocking at the door.)

A: Come in, please.

C: Good morning, sir. I found this handbag on my taxi and I __7__ it here. Theres much money __8__.

A: Thank you very much. (Turning to the woman) Is this your handbag?

B: Yes, its __9__. Thank goodness!__10__ a kind man!Thank you.

分析:這段對(duì)話是尋找丟失的手提包，即詢問(wèn)事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)果的對(duì)話。解題的關(guān)鍵在于通讀全文，上下求證。1.1eft, 包落在出租車(chē)上是今天早上的事情，使用過(guò)去時(shí)。2.in, 在……里面，用介詞in。3.Anything, 前面說(shuō)包里有錢(qián)，后面又回答包里有身份證，所以這里應(yīng)該問(wèn)“還有別的什么嗎?”，注意第一個(gè)字母要大寫(xiě)。4.asked，“請(qǐng)求，要”，是固定詞組ask for，本句使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以用過(guò)去分詞。5.此句后面跟著數(shù)字，很容易想到number。 6.打電話給……, 我們很容易想到“司機(jī)”driver，這里填公司company也可以。7.把東西從別處帶來(lái)用bring，這里要使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，所以用brought。8.使用副詞inside，相當(dāng)于in the handbag。9.“我的包”用名詞性物主代詞mine。10.What引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。

【鞏固精練】

一、補(bǔ)全對(duì)話 從方框中選出適當(dāng)?shù)木渥?，完成下列?duì)話。每個(gè)選項(xiàng)只能用一次。

(A)

W: Hello!

M: Hello！This is Mark. __1__

W: Yes, this is Sandy. Anything new?

M: Its weekend tomorrow. Shall we go for a spring outing?

W: Sounds great!__2__

M: What about the Yellowstone Park? They say the sights there are most beautiful this time of the season.

W: Good!__3__

M: Well, we can fish, camp and have a picnic. Well do a lot of walking, too. __4__

W: Sure. __5__

M: Ill pick you up at about 7 tomorrow morning, OK?

W: OK!See you!

M: See you!

A. Where shall we go?

B. Whos that speaking?

C. Would you please bring your sports shoes?

D. Shall we go there?

E. May I speak to Sandy, please?

F. When shall we start out?

G. What can we do there?

(B)

A: Hello, John. Here is the book. You lent it to me last week. Thank you very much.

B: Oh, youre welcome, Tim. __1__.

A: Very much, Im sorry to have kept it so long. I havent had much time for reading these days.

B: Thats all right. __2__.

A: Have you got any more books by the same writer?

B: Yes, but I have lent it to Jim. Would you like to borrow it?

A: Yes, please. Shall I ask Jim to pass it on to me when he has finished it?

B: No, better let him return it to me and then __3__.

A: Have you got anything else I can borrow now?

B: Do you like science books? __4__.

A: __5__.

B: OK. Lets go and get it. Its in my room.

A. Ive got a good one.

B. I have read some but I dont think theyre interesting.

C. Ill let you have it.

D. How do you like it?

E. Ive never read any and Id like to try it.

F. You can ask him for it.

G. I dont mind how long you kept it.

二、根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容與上下文， 在空白處填入適當(dāng)詞，使對(duì)話意思完整。每空只填一詞。

(A)

Mum: Jeff, please clean up your room and __1__ out the trash now.

Jeff: Sorry, mum. I __2__ to do my homework first.

Mum: Could you tidy your room first? Im busy. I really need your

__3__. Your grandmother is coming over in an hour.

Jeff: All right, I will do that first. Could I use the car __4__ I do

my homework and clean my room?

Mum: No, your grandmother and I are going to a meeting at the

library. Im sorry. Could I give you a ride?

Jeff: OK. Im going to the theatre with Tim. Could you give him a ride, too?

Mum: Sure, he lives near the library.

Jeff: Oh, Mum!Could you give me some __5__ for my theatre ticket?

Mum: Sure.

(B)

A: I havent seen you for two months. __1__ have you been?

B: Ive been to Dalian __2__ my parents.

A: Great!How was your vacation?

B: It was wonderful. We visited many interesting __3__, such as Dalian Wildlife Zoo and the Sea Aquarium.

A: Did you go to the beach?

B: Yes. We __4__ great fun playing in the water.

A: What about the food?

B: It was delicious.

A: How about the people?

B: They __5__ really friendly to us.

三、閱讀下面的對(duì)話，根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容補(bǔ)上所缺句子，使對(duì)話意思完整。（每空一句）

(A)

Pat Alex(P) comes by to see Li Hong (L). They talk about the party last night and about the weather.

P: Hi, Li Hong.

L: Hi, Pat. __1__?

P: Because it was so cold and rainy.

L: __2__!It was a really good party. Hey, why dont we go for a walk this afternoon, Pat?

P: Go for a walk? But its so cold out.

L: Cold out? __3__?

P: About 13℃.

L: 13℃? __4__. Just wait until winter.

P: Why?

L: Well…it snows a lot and sometimes its very cold. Last winter it was 7℃ below zero for three weeks. And it was windy too.

P: That sounds terrible!

L: __5__. The sun was out almost every day.

(B)

(Jill is not feeling well. So her mother takes her to the hospital.)

Jill: Good morning, doctor.

Doctor: Good morning. __1__?

Jill: This morning I had a pain in my head.

Doctor: __2__?

Jill: Im feeling even worse.

Doctor: Let me take your temperature. Its cold. __3__.

Jill: Really? But I dont feel any better now.

Doctor: Did you eat anything for breakfast?

Mother: No. __4__.

Doctor: Well, take this medicine three times a day. __5__.

Jill: OK. Thank you.

Key:一、(A)1.E 2.A 3.G 4.C 5.F B)1.D 2.G 3.C 4.A 5.E二、(A)1.take 2.need/have 3.help 4.after 5.money B)1.Where 2.with 3.places 4.had 5.were 三、(A)1.Why didnt you go to the party last night?2.What a pity/Thats too bad/Too bad 3.Whats the temperature 4.Thats not cold/Its not cold 5.It wasnt all that bad/It wasnt all that terrible/That wasnt so bad/No/I wouldnt say that/Not terrible (B)1.Whats the matter/wrong with you?/your trouble? 2.How are you feeling now?3.(There is) Nothing serious/wrong. 4.She didnt feel like eating anything./She didnt want to eat anything. 5.Have a good rest and drink more water./I hope youll be all right soon.